Urgent bedreigde typische soorten en vegetatietypen van Natura 2000-habitattypen

Dit rapport is de weerslag van een onderzoek naar de urgent bedreigde en potentieel urgent bedreigde typische soorten en de urgent bedreigde en potentieel urgent bedreigde vegetatietypen van de habitattypen van de Natura 2000-gebieden. In totaal zijn 67 typische soorten als Urgent Bedreigd gecategoriseerd; nog eens 26 soorten zijn gecategoriseerd als Potentieel Urgent Bedreigd. Voor de vegetatietypen geldt dat er 15 (sub)associaties Urgent bedreigd zijn. Op een bijbehorende cdrom wordt voor al deze soorten en vegetaties de huidige verspreiding gegeven, of herstel binnen of buiten Natura 2000 zou moeten plaatsvinden, wat de knelpunten hierbij zijn en waar de beste herstellocaties gelegen zijn

Islam in Aru, Indonesia : Oral traditions and Islamisation processes from the early modern period to the present

The coming of Islam in eastern Indonesia is generally assigned to the activities of Muslim traders from the late 15th century onwards. This assumption is an over-simplification, especially in areas outside the main trade centres. In the Aru islands, Islam was introduced by the mid 17th century. We argue that Islamisation in Aru was initially a matter of internal considerations, rather than trade. We present oral traditions about the expansion of Islam as seen from two locations: Ujir, the historical Muslim centre in Aru on the west coast, and Benjuring, a former stronghold of local ancestral beliefs in the east. The oral sources are juxtaposed with European accounts of the 17th century when Muslim and Protestant centres first developed in Aru. The coming of Islam forced people to either convert or leave for non-Muslim areas. By late colonial times (early 20th century), both Islam and the Protestant church had reached remote villages. The most recent wave of conversions in Aru to state-approved world religions took place in the 1970s. In the last 30 years, the population in Aru has grown, especially in the regency capital Dobo. While Muslims used to be a small minority in Aru with their main centre on Ujir island, the point of gravity has shifted to Dobo, a fast-growing town with a large influx of mostly Muslims from other parts of Indonesia. Islamisation is still ongoing in Aru and the character of Islam is changing.Roos & Ruins: Documentation of Ujir, an endangered language of Ar