Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling after subcutaneous, intravenous and buccal administration of a high-concentration formulation of buprenorphine in conscious cats

The aim of this study was to describe the joint pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model and evaluate thermal antinociception of a high-concentration formulation of buprenorphine (Simbadol™) in cats

Extinction risk of Mesoamerican crop wild relatives

Ensuring food security is one of the world's most critical issues as agricultural systems are already being impacted by global change. Crop wild relatives (CWR)—wild plants related to crops—possess genetic variability that can help adapt agriculture to a changing environment and sustainably increase crop yields to meet the food security challenge. Here we report the results of an extinction risk assessment of 224 wild relatives of some of the world's most important crops (i.e. chilli pepper, maize, common bean, avocado, cotton, potato, squash, vanilla and husk tomato) in Mesoamerica—an area of global significance as a centre of crop origin, domestication and of high CWR diversity. We show that 35% of the selected CWR taxa are threatened with extinction according to The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List demonstrates that these valuable genetic resources are under high anthropogenic threat. The dominant threat processes are land use change for agriculture and farming, invasive and other problematic species (e.g. pests, genetically modified organisms) and use of biological resources, including overcollection and logging. The most significant drivers of extinction relate to smallholder agriculture—given its high incidence and ongoing shifts from traditional agriculture to modern practices (e.g. use of herbicides)—smallholder ranching and housing and urban development and introduced genetic material. There is an urgent need to increase knowledge and research around different aspects of CWR. Policies that support in situ and ex situ conservation of CWR and promote sustainable agriculture are pivotal to secure these resources for the benefit of current and future generations

A study of the impact of time lapse on language retention in beginning level Spanish classes

Includes bibliographical references

Efficacy of Treating Waterborne Pathogens with the Antimicrobials Trichloromelamine, Ozone, and Acetic Acid

The use of reclaimed water systems is increasing the need for easy-to-use and cost effective disinfectants available for consumer application. This study looked at efficacy of three disinfectants, trichloromelamine (TCM), ozone, and acetic acid, and their ability to reduce number of pathogens. Four samples of TCM were tested in a 10mL contaminated water to 1mL TCM solution ratio, plated for both total plate counts and to check for generic E.coli. It was observed that TCM 3 was able to give a 92.54 percent reduction of E.coli and was the only sample able to kill the E.coli that was present in the water. The other TCM solutions had percent reductions of, TCM1: 98.77, TCM2: 97.34, and TCM4: 87.64. Similar tests were conducted with ozone and mixtures. Ozonated brine water, and ozone mixed with acetic acid were both 100% effective at reducing bacterial load in the water samples (99.98 and 100%, respectively). The ozone was not as effective, with 85.7% reduction. These results indicate that TCM and ozone could be effective tools for consumer use to disinfect water holding tanks. More testing needs to be done in order to find out exactly how effective the disinfectants are in the long term

Efficacy of Treating Waterborne Pathogens with the Antimicrobials Ozone and Trichloromelamine

There has been a recent surge in the number of people using reclaimed water systems for personal use. Because of this, it is getting more and more important for easy-to-use and cost effective disinfectants on the market for consumer application. This study looked at the efficacy of three disinfectants, trichloromelamine, ozone and acetic acid, for their ability to reduce the number of waterborne pathogens. Four samples of TCM were tested in a 10mL contaminated water:1mL TCM solution ratio and plated for both total plate counts and to check for generic E.coli. It was found that one of the four samples of TCM (TCM 3) was able to not only give a percent reduction of 92.54%, but it also killed the E.coli that was present in the water. TCM1 had an average percent reduction of 98.77, TCM2's percent reduction was 97.34, and TCM4's: 87.64. This was not the most effective disinfectant, however. Similar tests were done with ozone, ozone that was mixed with brine water, and ozone that was mixed with acetic acid, as well as pure acetic acid. Ozonated brine water, and ozone mixed with acetic acid were both nearly 100% effective at reducing bacterial load in the water samples (99.989 and 100%, respectively). The pure ozone was not nearly as effective, with a percent reduction of 85.7%. These results indicate that TCM and ozone could possibly be effective tools for the consumer to use to disinfect water holding tanks, however, more testing needs to be done in order to find out exactly how effective these products are in the long term, as well as to find the contact time needed for effective kill by TCM

A Liberated Voice: Tony Sender's Autobiography and the German Left's Discourse of "The Woman Question" during the Interwar Period

The following paper discusses the autobiography of Tony Sender, an active female politician in the Weimar government in Germany between World War I and World War II. The autobiography entitled Tony Sender: The Autobiography of a German Rebel, focuses on Sender's participation in the Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands) (SPD). After placing Sender in the larger socialist political scene of the interwar period, the paper argues that Sender's self-representation as an equal active socialist contradicts other female roles offered to women at the time and suggest that lingering patriarchal structures limited women's activity in the Germany's new democratic society. The article serves as further support for recent research into the limitations male-dominated political activity placed on early 20th century German women, despite their constitutional equality

Literature of Warning: The State-Private Network, Cultural Patronage, and the Emergence of Foundation Literature during the Cold War

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. February 2021. Major: English. Advisor: Paula Rabinowitz. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 267 pages.The literature on the cultural Cold War acknowledges that American philanthropic foundations provided funding to various Cold War projects, but does not provide a close analysis of the foundations’ involvement or examine how philanthropies and government agencies coordinated their funding, let alone consider the influence it had on writers and their work. This gap in analysis overlooks the intricacies of the foundations’ relationship with the American state and the role philanthropies played in circulating culture and building artistic networks throughout the Cold War. This dissertation begins to close that gap by examining the establishment of the Berlin Artists-in-Residence program by the Ford Foundation in 1963, focusing on its first two years of writing residences before the program was transferred to the German Academic Exchange Service, which still runs it today. Analyzing the function and influence of foundations within international artistic affairs during the Cold War period establishes that foundation personnel played key roles in connecting government policy to results on the ground. More broadly, this project explores how foundations built artistic networks and institutionalized art with a range of residency programs, grants, and accolades, setting a precedent, which still functions to this day. Analyzing the participation of Ingeborg Bachmann, Walter Höllerer, Witold Gombrowicz, Piers Paul Read, and W.H. Auden in the Berlin program shows that this new arrangement and the work it propelled resulted in mixed consequences for artists, extending prestige and visibility to certain artists and creating complications for others. Close attention to the Berlin projects elucidates how philanthropic foundations and Cold War networks played an essential role in connecting writers, while also allowing for exploration of how those writers utilized the opportunity in pursuit of their own goals. Ultimately, the analysis of writers’ texts illuminates their awareness of how the political-economic environment was working to shape them into suitable public intellectuals for the postwar age. The writers’ attention to and discussion of their artistic, social, and financial predicaments within their work defines a new subgenre of mid-century twentieth literature: foundation literature