476 research outputs found
Managing Self-Confidence: Theory and Experimental Evidence
Evidence from social psychology suggests that agents process information about their own ability in a biased manner. This evidence has motivated exciting research in behavioral economics, but has also garnered critics who point out that it is potentially consistent with standard Bayesian updating. We implement a direct experimental test. We study a large sample of 656 undergraduate students, tracking the evolution of their beliefs about their own relative performance on an IQ test as they receive noisy feedback from a known data-generating process. Our design lets us repeatedly measure the complete relevant belief distribution incentive-compatibly. We find that subjects (1) place approximately full weight on their priors, but (2) are asymmetric, over-weighting positive feedback relative to negative, and (3) conservative, updating too little in response to both positive and negative signals. These biases are substantially less pronounced in a placebo experiment where ego is not at stake. We also find that (4) a substantial portion of subjects are averse to receiving information about their ability, and that (5) less confident subjects are causally more likely to be averse. We unify these phenomena by showing that they all arise naturally in a simple model of optimally biased Bayesian information processing.
Conformal and Superconformal Mechanics Revisited
We find, at the Lagrangian off-shell level, the explicit equivalence
transformation which relates the conformal mechanics of De Alfaro, Fubini and
Furlan to the conformal mechanics describing the radial motion of the charged
massive particle in the Bertotti-Robinson AdS background. Thus we
demonstrate the classical equivalence of these two systems which are usually
regarded as essentially different ``old'' and ``new'' conformal mechanics
models. We also construct a similar transformation for N=2,
superconformal mechanics in N=2 superfield formulation. Performing this
transformation in the action of the N=2 superconformal mechanics, we find an
off-shell superfield action of N=2 superextension of Bertotti-Robinson
particle. Such an action has not been given before. We show its on-shell
equivalence to the AdS superparticle action derived from the spontaneous
partial breaking of superconformal symmetry treated as the N=2
AdS supersymmetry.Comment: LaTeX, 15 page
Relativistic Coulomb problem for particles with arbitrary half-integer spin
Using relativistic tensor-bispinorial equations proposed in hep-th/0412213 we
solve the Kepler problem for a charged particle with arbitrary half-integer
spin interacting with the Coulomb potential.Comment: Misprints are correcte
Pauli equation and the method of supersymmetric factorization
We consider different variants of factorization of a 2x2 matrix
Schroedinger/Pauli operator in two spatial dimensions. They allow to relate its
spectrum to the sum of spectra of two scalar Schroedinger operators, in a
manner similar to one-dimensional Darboux transformations. We consider both the
case when such factorization is reduced to the ordinary 2-dimensional SUSY QM
quasifactorization and a more general case which involves covariant
derivatives. The admissible classes of electromagnetic fields are described and
some illustrative examples are given.Comment: 18 pages, Late
Galilei-invariant equations for massive fields
Galilei-invariant equations for massive fields with various spins have been
found and classified. They have been derived directly, i.e., by using
requirement of the Galilei invariance and various facts on representations of
the Galilei group deduced in the paper written by de Montigny M, Niederle J and
Nikitin A G, J. Phys. A \textbf{39}, 1-21, 2006. A completed list of
non-equivalent Galilei-invariant wave equations for vector and scalar fields is
presented. It shows two things. First that the collection of such equations is
very broad and describes many physically consistent systems. In particular it
is possible to describe spin-orbit and Darwin couplings in frames of
Galilei-invariant approach. Second, these Galilei-invariant equations can be
obtained either via contraction of known relativistic equations or via
contractions of quite new relativistic wave equations.Comment: Minor improvements of the text has been made and misprints are
correcte
Career success: the role of teenage career aspirations, ambition value and gender in predicting adult social status and earnings
Links between family social background, teenage career aspirations, educational performance and adult social status attainment are well documented. Using a contextual developmental framework, this article extends previous research by examining the role of gender and teenage ambition value in shaping social status attainment and earnings in adulthood. Drawing on data from an 18-year British follow up study we tested a path model linking family background factors (such as family social status and parental aspirations) and individual agency factors in adolescence (in particular, career aspirations and ambition value) to social status attainment and earnings in adulthood. The findings suggest that ambition value is linked to adult earnings. That is, young people for whom it is important to get on in their job earn more money in adulthood than their less ambitious peers. The findings also confirm that teenage career aspirations are linked to adult social status attainment, and suggest that family background factors, teenage career aspirations and ambition value interact to influence social status attainment and earnings in adulthood. Gender differences are discusse
Emirati women do not shy away from competition: evidence from a patriarchal society in transition
We explore gender attitudes towards competition in the United Arab Emirates—a traditionally patriarchal society which in recent times has adopted numerous policies to empower women and promote their role in the labor force. The experimental treatments vary whether individuals compete in single-sex or mixed-sex groups. In contrast to previous studies, women in our sample are not less willing to compete than men. In fact, once we control for individual performance, Emirati women are more likely to select into competition. Our analysis shows that neither women nor men shy away from competition, and both compete more than what would be optimal in monetary terms as the fraction of men in their group increases. We offer a detailed survey of the literature and discuss possible reasons for the lack of gender differences in our experiment
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