20 research outputs found

    Stratigraphie und Korrelation der Quadersandsteine der oberen Elbtal-Gruppe (Mittelturonium–Unterconiacium, SĂ€chsisches Kreidebecken) – ResĂŒmee und neue AnsĂ€tze

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    Die fĂŒr die SĂ€chsische Schweiz charakteristischen massigen Sandsteine der oberen Elbtal-Gruppe (Mittelturonium–Unterconiacium) wurden syntektonisch von der aufsteigenden Lausitz im Nordosten geschĂŒttet und reichen bis Pirna, wo sie mit dĂŒnneren, tonig-mergeligen Zwischenschichten wechsellagern. FĂŒr die rechtselbischen Sandsteine der SĂ€chsischen Schweiz erarbeitete Lamprecht (1928, 1931) ein petrographisch-morphologisches Gliederungsschema, dem Seifert (1955) die wechselhaften lithostratigraphischen Einheiten des faziellen Übergangsgebietes bei Pirna gegenĂŒberstellt. Diese Korrelation hat sich in den letzten Jahren durch eigene Arbeiten aufs Feinste bestĂ€tigt, wurde aber zwischenzeitlich von dem Mibus’schen Gliederungsschema in den Hintergrund gedrĂ€ngt. Allerdings demonstrieren Bohrungen in der Umgebung von Pirna eindeutig, dass die Korrelation von Mibus (1975) nicht korrekt ist. Biostratigraphisch konnten in den letzten Jahren erstmals die Basis des Mittelturoniums (mit Collignoniceras woollgari, Mytiloides subhercynicus und M. hercynicus), des Oberturoniums (mit Inoceramus stuemckei) und des Coniaciums (mit Cremnoceramus waltersdorfensis waltersdorfensis) sowohl in der Mergelfazies, der Übergangsfazies als auch in den massigen Sandsteinen der SĂ€chsischen Schweiz definiert werden. Im Mittel- bis Oberturonium lassen sich zwei Sedimentationszyklen von jeweils 810.000 Jahren nachweisen. Die Kreide-Sedimente sind heute 2–3° nach Nordosten senkrecht zur Lausitzer Überschiebung und unter 1° nach Nordwesten parallel zu ihr geneigt. So reihen sich entlang der Elbe die SteinbrĂŒche der berĂŒhmten Werksandsteine von der tschechischen Grenze ĂŒber die Königsberger Elbschleife (Mittelquader der Schmilka-Formation, Unter- bis unteres Mittelturonium) bis nach Pirna (Pirnaer Oberquader / Sandstein c3 der obersten Postelwitz-Formation, mittleres Oberturonium) ungestört aneinander. Die Werksandsteine der Schrammstein-Formation (oberes Oberturonium bis Unterconiacium) stehen in LandbrĂŒchen an

    Kreidesandsteine auf der Lausitz (Sachsen): Hinweise zu PalÀogeographie und Inversionstektonik.

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    Abstract: Cretaceous sandstones occur in western Lusatia as erosional relicts through mainly as pebbles and large blocks in Cenozoic river gravels. The exposed Weißig-Schullwitz Cretaceous sandstones northeast of the Lusatian thrust fault in Dresden, the Cretaceous sediments in tectonic wedges directly in the fault zone, as well as numerous Cretaceous sandstone components in the “Senftenberg” and “Bautzen Elbe river courses” have shallow marine origins based on their lithology (quartz sandstones with abundant white mica flakes) and their fossil content (mainly different bivalves, also gastropods, serpulids and sea urchins), and dated to Late Cenomanian times. As Upper Cenomanian deposits in the Saxonian and Bohemian Switzerland (Czech Republic) are still covered by 100–450 m thick Turonian to Lower Coniacian quartz sandstones, it can be assumed that the pebbles and blocks of the fluvial sediments come from an originally widespread Cenomanian sandstone cover of the western Lusatian Massif between the Lusatian thrust fault and the Lusatian normal fault. Due to the large similarities in bio- and lithofacies as well as thickness of all Lusatian Cretaceous sandstones with the Unterquader of the OberhĂ€slich Formation and the sandy, carbonate-free Dölzschen Formation of the Osterzgebirge, a significant tectonic inversion of western Lusatia already in the Cenomanian is unlikely. Western Lusatia and Osterzgebirge are related to the tectonically stable North German shelf area, which was eustatically flooded in the course of the rising Cenomanian sea level. Based on the fact that Upper Cenomanian strata of both deposition areas directly transgressed on Lusatian two-mica granodiorite and Erzgebirge gneisses, the exhumation of the Proterozoic basement must be older than 100 million years. Due to a proposed exhumation age between 85–50 million years for the entire Lusatia, the data, which has been already obtained by various authors, need only to be harmonized for the western Lusatia, if a 2–3 km thick cover of Upper Cretaceous sediments could be assumed.The inversionrelated deformation at the southwestern margin of Lusatia and the simultaneous subsidence of the Elbe depression took place at the earliest during Mid-Coniacian age since between Meißen and Bad Schandau Lower Coniacian (younger than 88 million years) was faulted.Zusammenfassung: Kreidesandsteine kommen auf der westlichen Lausitz als Erosionsrelikte, hauptsĂ€chlich jedoch als Gerölle und große Blöcke in kĂ€nozoischen Flussschottern vor. Sowohl die anstehenden Weißig-Schullwitzer Kreidesandsteine nordöstlich der Lausitzer Überschiebung in Dresden, kretazische Sedimente in tektonischen Keilen direkt in der Störungszone, wie auch die zahlreichen Kreidesandstein-Komponenten in den „Senftenberger“ und „Bautzener ElbelĂ€ufen“ sind flachmarine Bildungen, die anhand ihrer Lithologie (Quarzsandsteine mit reichlich Hellglimmer) und ihrer Fossilien (ĂŒberwiegend verschiedenartige Muscheln, auch Schnecken, Serpuliden und Seeigel) in das Obercenomanium gestellt werden. Da obercenomane Ablagerungen in der SĂ€chsischen und Böhmischen Schweiz (Tschechische Republik) flĂ€chendeckend heute noch von 100–450 m mĂ€chtigen turon- bis unterconiaczeitigen Quarzsandsteinen ĂŒberdeckt werden, ist davon auszugehen, dass die Gerölle und Blöcke in den fluviatilen Sedimenten einer ursprĂŒnglich noch weit auf die westliche Lausitz hinaufreichenden, flĂ€chenhaft verbreiteten sandigen Kreide-Bedeckung zwischen Lausitzer Überschiebung und Lausitzer Hauptabbruch entstammen. Aufgrund der großen bio- und lithofaziellen Ähnlichkeit sowie MĂ€chtigkeit aller Lausitzer Kreidesandsteine mit dem Unterquader der OberhĂ€slich-Formation und der sandigen, karbonatfreien Dölzschen-Formation auf dem Osterzgebirge ist von einer merklichen inversionstektonischen Hebung der westlichen Lausitz bereits im Cenomanium nicht auszugehen. Westliche Lausitz und Osterzgebirge gehörten zum tektonisch stabilen norddeutschen Schelfgebiet, das im Zuge des steigenden cenomanen Meeresspiegels eustatisch geflutet wurde. Das Obercenomanium beider AblagerungsrĂ€ume transgredierte direkt auf Lausitzer Zweiglimmergranodiorit und erzgebirgische Gneise, so muss die Exhumierung der proterozoischen Grundgebirgseinheiten Ă€lter als 100 Mio. Jahre sein. Da fĂŒr die gesamte Lausitz bisher von einem Exhumierungsalter von 85–50 Mio. Jahren ausgegangen wird, sind die fĂŒr die westliche Lausitz ermittelten Daten verschiedener Bearbeiter nur zu harmonisieren, wenn von einer nachtrĂ€glichen 2–3 km mĂ€chtigen Bedeckung mit Oberkreide-Sedimenten ausgegangen werden könnte. Die inversionsbedingte Deformation am SĂŒdwest-Rand der Lausitz bei gleichzeitiger Subsidenz der Elbe-Senke erfolgte gleichermaßen erst frĂŒhestens mit dem Mittelconiacium (jĂŒnger als 88 Mio. Jahre), da von Meißen bis Bad Schandau Unterconiacium ĂŒberschoben wurde.researc

    Geochemical and stable isotope composition of Middle Campanian marl-limestone rhythmites of the Lehrte West Syncline near Hannover (Lower Saxony, northern Germany)

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    A cyclic marl–limestone succession of Middle–Late Campanian age has been investigated with respect to a Milankovitch-controlled origin of geochemical data. In general, the major element geochemistry of the marl–limestone rhythmites can be explained by a simple two-component mixing model with the end-members calcium carbonate and 'average shale'-like material. Carbonate content varies from 55 to 90%. Non-carbonate components are clay minerals (illite, smectite) and biogenic silica from sponge spicules, as well as authigenically formed zeolites (strontian heulandite) and quartz. The redox potential suggests oxidizing conditions throughout the section. Trace element and stable isotopic data as well as SEM investigations show that the carbonate mud is mostly composed of low-magnesium calcitic tests of planktic coccolithophorids and calcareous dinoflagellate cysts (calcispheres). Diagenetic overprint results in a decrease of 2% d18O and an increase in Mn of up to 250 ppm. However, the sediment seems to preserve most of its high Sr content compared to the primary low-magnesium calcite of co-occurring belemnite rostra. The periodicity of geochemical cycles is dominated by 413 ka and weak signals between 51 and 22.5 ka, attributable to orbital forcing. Accumulation rates within these cycles vary between 40 and 50 m/Ma. The resulting cyclic sedimentary sequence is the product of (a) changes in primary production of low-magnesium calcitic biogenic material in surface waters within the long eccentricity and the precession, demonstrated by the CaCO3 content and the Mg/Al, Mn/Al and Sr/Al ratios, and (b) fluctuations in climate and continental weathering, which changed the quality of supplied clay minerals (the illite/smectite ratio), demonstrated by the K/Al ratio. High carbonate productivity correlates with smectite-favouring weathering (semi-arid conditions, conspicuously dry and moist seasonal changes in warmer climates). Ti as the proxy indicator for the detrital terrigenous influx, as well as Rb, Si, Zr and Na, shows only low frequency signals, indicating nearly constant rates of supply throughout the more or less pure pelagic carbonate deposition of the long-lasting third-order Middle–Upper Campanian sedimentary cycle

    The early Cenomanian crippsi Event at LĂŒneburg (Germany): palaeontological and stratigraphical significance of a widespread Late Cretaceous bioevent

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    The early Cenomanian crippsi Event comprises a 1–3-m-thick interval characterised by mass occurrences of the early Cenomanian inoceramid Gnesioceramus crippsi, identified in the uppermost Sharpeiceras schlueteri Subzone (lower lower Cenomanian Mantelliceras mantelli Zone), below an interregional sequence boundary (SB Ce 1). At LĂŒneburg, the event is characterised by densely packed, very large, disc-like valves of G. crippsi. Taphonomy as well as bio- and microfacies suggest an event formation in a deeper shelf setting below the storm-wave base as primary biogenic concentration, the inoceramids living as recumbent forms on a soft substrate in dense populations. When tracked between basins, the stratigraphic pattern of the crippsi Event suggests a moderately prolonged phase (< 100 kyr) of increased shell production with rapid deposition aiding in preserving the shell-rich event strata. Towards the basin margins, it grades into storm wave-reworked bioclastic concentrations. The crippsi Event formed by an interregional population bloom and provides, as an proliferation epibole, an important marker for intra- and interbasinal correlation. The first record of G. mowriensis within the crippsi Event at LĂŒneburg, hitherto endemic to the US Western Interior Seaway, and the occurrence of the ammonite Metengonoceras teigenense, likewise an endemic North American faunal element, from the level of the crippsi Event in northern France indicate faunal exchange between the New and Old worlds during the early Cenomanian. This faunal dispersal and contemporaneous occurrence of warm-water biofacies in Western Europe during the early Cenomanian is explained by the existence of a perpetual NE-directed current transporting warm surface waters from the Gulf of Mexico towards Europe. The occurrence of short-lived M. teigenense in France allows for the calibration of the uppermost schlueteri Subzone of the mantelli Zone in Europe to the lowermost Neogastroplites muelleri Zone in North America and to assign an age of ~ 98.6–98.7 Ma to the crippsi Event.Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden (3507

    High-resolution Campanian–Maastrichtian carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of bulk-rock and skeletal components: palaeoceanographic and palaeoenvironmental implications for the Boreal shelf sea

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    A high-resolution latest Early Campanian to Early Maastrichtian carbon and oxygen stable isotope record from the northern German Boreal shelf sea based on 537 analyses of co-occurring belemnites, brachiopods, inoceramids, oysters, and bulk rock samples is presented. All samples are precisely related to their stratigraphic, systematic and facies backgrounds and form an integrated, nearly 10-myr-long dataset with considerable palaeoenvironmental and palaeoceanographical implications. Petrographic studies indicate that low-magnesium calcitic coccoliths and calcispheres (i.e., planktic carbonate) predominate the bulk-rock data (marl-limestone rhythmites and chalks), thus representing a sea-surface water signal, and that only minor diagenetic alteration of the carbonate muds took place. Based on TL and CL microscopy, the investigated belemnites are extraordinarily well preserved, which may in part be explained by their early diagenetic surficial silicification (container effect), while the other macroinvertebrate groups are all less well preserved. The (plankton-dominated) ÎŽ13C values of the marl-limestone rhythmites and chalks (+1.1 to +2.5 ‰), recording a surface water signal, compare well with the ÎŽ18C data of inoceramids while ÎŽ13Cbrach. values (+1.5 to +3.0 ‰) are heavier than the bulk rock data. The large variation in the ÎŽ13Cbel. (-0.1 to +3.6 ‰) is attributed to isotopic disequilibrium of the biogenic carbonate formed by the belemnite animal. The bulk rock ÎŽ18O values show a remarkable low scatter, supporting petrographic observation of only minor diagenetic stabilisation/cementation, and can be approximated with northern German shelf sea-surface temperatures of ca. 20°C for the Late Campanian (ca. -2 ‰ ÎŽ18O), being slightly cooler during the Early Maastrichtian. The ÎŽ18O values of the belemnite rostra are even less variable and quite rich in heavier 18O (-0.7 to +0.6 with a mean of -0.1 ‰ ÎŽ18Obel.) in comparison to bulk rock and other skeletal components. Based on their excellent microstructural preservation and non-luminescence, we conclude that the belemnite rostra are diagenetically unaltered and have preserved the primary ÎŽ18O signal of ambient seawater (12 ± 2°C). In the absence of any indication for migration from cooler water masses and evidence for authochtonous populations we assume that the belemnites of the genera Belemnitella and Belemnella lived as nektobenthos near the sea-floor and thus record the temperature of the bottom mixed layer of the seasonally weakly stratified north German shelf sea at water depths of 100 to 150 m; the temperature gradient was thus 12.5-18.75 m/1°C. A conspicuous latest Campanian cooling event is evident in both sea-surface and bottom-water temperatures. The ÎŽ18O values of nearly all investigated benthic fossils lie between the isotope values of pristine belemnites and bulk rock, and, therefore, should be used for palaeotemperature reconstructions only with great care

    The early Cenomanian crippsi Event at LĂŒneburg (Germany): palaeontological and stratigraphical significance of a widespread Late Cretaceous bioevent

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    &lt;jats:title&gt;Abstract&lt;/jats:title&gt;&lt;jats:p&gt;The early Cenomanian &lt;jats:italic&gt;crippsi&lt;/jats:italic&gt; Event comprises a 1–3-m-thick interval characterised by mass occurrences of the early Cenomanian inoceramid &lt;jats:italic&gt;Gnesioceramus crippsi&lt;/jats:italic&gt;, identified in the uppermost &lt;jats:italic&gt;Sharpeiceras schlueteri&lt;/jats:italic&gt; Subzone (lower lower Cenomanian &lt;jats:italic&gt;Mantelliceras mantelli&lt;/jats:italic&gt; Zone), below an interregional sequence boundary (SB Ce 1). At LĂŒneburg, the event is characterised by densely packed, very large, disc-like valves of &lt;jats:italic&gt;G&lt;/jats:italic&gt;. &lt;jats:italic&gt;crippsi&lt;/jats:italic&gt;. Taphonomy as well as bio- and microfacies suggest an event formation in a deeper shelf setting below the storm-wave base as primary biogenic concentration, the inoceramids living as recumbent forms on a soft substrate in dense populations. When tracked between basins, the stratigraphic pattern of the &lt;jats:italic&gt;crippsi&lt;/jats:italic&gt; Event suggests a moderately prolonged phase (&amp;lt; 100 kyr) of increased shell production with rapid deposition aiding in preserving the shell-rich event strata. Towards the basin margins, it grades into storm wave-reworked bioclastic concentrations. The &lt;jats:italic&gt;crippsi&lt;/jats:italic&gt; Event formed by an interregional population bloom and provides, as an proliferation epibole, an important marker for intra- and interbasinal correlation. The first record of &lt;jats:italic&gt;G. mowriensis&lt;/jats:italic&gt; within the &lt;jats:italic&gt;crippsi&lt;/jats:italic&gt; Event at LĂŒneburg, hitherto endemic to the US Western Interior Seaway, and the occurrence of the ammonite &lt;jats:italic&gt;Metengonoceras teigenense&lt;/jats:italic&gt;, likewise an endemic North American faunal element, from the level of the &lt;jats:italic&gt;crippsi&lt;/jats:italic&gt; Event in northern France indicate faunal exchange between the New and Old worlds during the early Cenomanian. This faunal dispersal and contemporaneous occurrence of warm-water biofacies in Western Europe during the early Cenomanian is explained by the existence of a perpetual NE-directed current transporting warm surface waters from the Gulf of Mexico towards Europe. The occurrence of short-lived &lt;jats:italic&gt;M&lt;/jats:italic&gt;. &lt;jats:italic&gt;teigenense&lt;/jats:italic&gt; in France allows for the calibration of the uppermost &lt;jats:italic&gt;schlueteri&lt;/jats:italic&gt; Subzone of the &lt;jats:italic&gt;mantelli&lt;/jats:italic&gt; Zone in Europe to the lowermost &lt;jats:italic&gt;Neogastroplites muelleri&lt;/jats:italic&gt; Zone in North America and to assign an age of ~ 98.6–98.7 Ma to the &lt;jats:italic&gt;crippsi&lt;/jats:italic&gt; Event.&lt;/jats:p&gt

    Der Grillenburger Sandsteinbruch am FlĂŒgel JĂ€gerhorn (Cenomanium, Tharandter Wald, Sachsen) – historisch berĂŒhmt und geologisch verkannt

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    Der Steinbruch am FlĂŒgel JĂ€gerhorn westlich von Grillenburg ist vermutlich der Ă€lteste Kreidesandsteinbruch des Tharandter Waldes, in Betrieb seit etwa 1170. Historisch belegt ist, dass beispielsweise 1225 die Goldene Pforte des Freiberger St.-Marien-Doms aus Grillenburger Sandstein gefertigt wurde. Die vom Universalgelehrten J. F. Henckel (1722) veröffentlichten Kupferstiche der fossilen Hahnenkamm-Muschel Rastellum carinatum und der Pectinide Merklinia aspera aus dem „Sandsteinbruche im GrĂŒllenburger Walde“ sind in der Literatur die bisher Ă€ltesten bekannten Abbildungen von sĂ€chsischen Kreide-Fossilien. Im Sandsteinbruch am FlĂŒgel JĂ€gerhorn ist als unterster Abschnitt die ĂŒber 5 m mĂ€chtige „Werksteinbank“ aufgeschlossen, der marine Werksandstein der oberen OberhĂ€slich-Formation (unteres Obercenomanium), der fĂ€lschlicherweise in den letzten ĂŒber 130 Jahren der kontinentalen Niederschöna-Formation (Untercenomanium) zugeordnet und als fossilfreier DĂŒnensandstein interpretiert wurde. Die obersten 1,50–2 m der „Werksteinbank“ beinhalten neben Glaukonit auch fĂŒnf verschiedene Spurenfossilien der Skolithos-Ichnofazies, die sandig-flachmarine AblagerungsrĂ€ume charakterisiert. Es folgt die Pennrich-Formation (oberes Obercenomanium) mit dem ca. 1,50 m mĂ€chtigen plenus-Horizont und einem Transgressionskonglomerat aus bis zu 15 cm großen, gut gerundeten Rhyolith-Geröllen an der Basis. Zuoberst sind im Steinbruch noch 3–7 m gut gebankte, spiculitisch-glaukonitische Siltsteine erhalten. Diese lithostratigraphische Abfolge ist typisch fĂŒr das Osterzgebirge: marines Mittel- und Obercenomanium ĂŒberlagert fluviatiles Untercenomanium. Die mittlere und obere OberhĂ€slich-Formation im Tharandter Wald – auflagernd auf der fluviatilen, mittleren Niederschöna-Formation und ĂŒberlagert von der tiefermarinen Pennrich-Formation – ist etwa 20 m mĂ€chtig; als einziger cenomanzeitlicher Werksandstein der sĂ€chsischen Kreide wurden jeweils die obersten 5–7 m gebrochen. Bei Grillenburg transgredieren die Abfolgen der OberhĂ€slich- und Pennrich-Formation auch direkt auf den permischen Rhyolith der Tharandter-Wald-Caldera. Äolische Sedimente sind aus der sĂ€chsischen Kreide nicht bekannt
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