Patriotism in Iqbal’s Thought

Dr. Muhammad Iqbal is one of the great poets of our 20th century. His character and personality and poetry is different affect that he was a great reader and a great poet of the world. He is famous to be thought of Muslim then his starting poetry who has been affected by Hinduism. Iqbal gave the Muslims new awareness with his poetry of the world. The very well-done role in the poetry of Dr. Muhammad Iqbal of his interesting hard work. He was a National Hero of the Muslims. It is of course, that Iqbal was the poet who is always in the favor of Muslims and Islam. He was a great poet and philosopher. He describes to be followed the goal habits and important qualities of Islamic western traditional civilization. Keywords:       Century, Personality, Poetry, National, Civilization, Philosopher, Muslim, Islam, Qualities

Hypervalent iodine/TEMPO-mediated oxidation in flow systems: a fast and efficient protocol for alcohol oxidation

Hypervalent iodine(III)/TEMPO-mediated oxidation of various aliphatic, aromatic and allylic alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl compounds was successfully achieved by using microreactor technology. This method can be used as an alternative for the oxidation of various alcohols achieving excellent yields and selectivities in significantly shortened reaction times

Market Varying Conditional Risk-Return Relationship

Unlike previous studies conducted on Pakistan, this article attempts to test the validity of conditional relationship between beta and cross-sectional returns of individual securities listed in Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), wherein the up and down market periods are separated. The risk-return relationship is also tested using the conventional CAPM to compare the results of both models. The return on market portfolio and risk free asset is proxied by KSE-100 share index return and three months T-bill. Fama and McBeth (1973) and Pettengill, et al. (1995) methods are used to test conventional and conditional risk-return relationship, respectively. The analysis is performed on individual stocks of thirty companies over the period 2004 to 2012. Findings indicate a consistent and significant positive risk return relationship in up market periods where market excess returns are positive; whereas, an inverse risk-return relationship is not proved in down market periods where market excess returns are negative. Furthermore, the study finds no support for symmetry between up and down market periods. The major implication of the analysis is that beta can be a useful measure of risk only in up markets periods

3D-QSPR Method of Computational Technique Applied on Red Reactive Dyes by Using CoMFA Strategy

Cellulose fiber is a tremendous natural resource that has broad application in various productions including the textile industry. The dyes, which are commonly used for cellulose printing, are “reactive dyes” because of their high wet fastness and brilliant colors. The interaction of various dyes with the cellulose fiber depends upon the physiochemical properties that are governed by specific features of the dye molecule. The binding pattern of the reactive dye with cellulose fiber is called the ligand-receptor concept. In the current study, the three dimensional quantitative structure property relationship (3D-QSPR) technique was applied to understand the red reactive dyes interactions with the cellulose by the Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) method. This method was successfully utilized to predict a reliable model. The predicted model gives satisfactory statistical results and in the light of these, it was further analyzed. Additionally, the graphical outcomes (contour maps) help us to understand the modification pattern and to correlate the structural changes with respect to the absorptivity. Furthermore, the final selected model has potential to assist in understanding the charachteristics of the external test set. The study could be helpful to design new reactive dyes with better affinity and selectivity for the cellulose fiber

Harnessing Nature's Arsenal: Investigating the Antibacterial Efficacy of Commercial Essential Oils against Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Poultry Meat.

Pathogens prevalent in the food supply chain provide a significant worldwide risk to both human health and the economy. Poultry meat, a staple in global diets, serves as a reservoir for bacterial contamination. Staphylococcus, a gram-positive bacterium belonging to family Staphylococcaceae has been identified as a potential causative agent of food borne illnesses. The presence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus strains in poultry products raises concerns about the transmission of resistance genes through the food chain, necessitating thorough investigations into alternative antimicrobial agents for effective bacterial control. Essential oils (EOs) hold profound importance in terms of their known and potential application. This study focuses on the evaluation of commercial essential oils and their effectiveness against Staphylococcus strains isolated from poultry meat. Briefly, 150 raw chicken meat samples were collected, and Staphylococcus spp. was identified based on morphological and cultural characteristics. Antibiogram analysis and essential oils activity was determined by disc diffusion and agar well diffusion assay respectively. Results showed that 27 (18%) samples tested positive for Staphylococcus spp, out of which S. aureus was identified in 25 isolates (16.66%). The antibiogram profile reveals that three antibiotics namely, gentamicin, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics showing sensitivity against 74.07%, 70.37% and 62.96% of the isolates respectively. Moreover, amongst the tested essential oils cinnamon oil and clove oil exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities ZOI ranges from 19-41mm and 19-33 mm respectively. While focusing on the evaluation of antimicrobial activity of essential oils, the study endeavors to aid in development of sustainable strategies for mitigating bacterial contamination in the food industry

Tyrosinase inhibition: conformational analysis based studies on molecular dynamics calculations of bipiperidine based inhibitors.

Two series of variably N-substituted biperidines were synthesized by condensing various acid chlorides, alkyl halides and anhydrides with 1,4-bipiperidine. The new compounds were tested as tyrosinase inhibitors and a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was carried out. Potent inhibition was observed in the case of the 4'-methylbenzyl substitution on this atom (IC50 = 1.72 microM) with this compound being a lead for future drug design. Additionally, calculations of the important QSAR molecular descriptors were done on the biperidine analogues after their 2 ps molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using molecular mechanics force field (MMFF) approaches. Using MD simulations potential and total energies were calculated for the energy minimized models of bipiperidine and the most active analogs 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10