Missing in Action? Electronic Gaming Machines in Gambling Studies Research

In the past thirty years casinos across the world have become dominated by the rise of “electronic gaming machines” (EGMs). Expanding with tremendous speed, this technology has arguably become the dominant form of non-online gambling around the world at time of writing (DeMichele, 2017; Schwartz, 2018). EGMs are also noted as being one of the most harmful forms of gambling, with significant numbers of players betting beyond their financial limits (MacLaren et al, 2012; Stewart & Wohl, 2013), spending a disproportionate amount of time playing (Cummings, 1999; Ballon, 2005; Schüll, 2012; cf. Dickerson, 1996), becoming disconnected from the world outside of the “zone” (Schüll, 2012) of gambling play, and even becoming bankrupt or otherwise financially crippled as a result of their use (Petry, 2003; Scarf et al, 2011). Using metadata from Web of Science and Scopus databases, we analysed peer-reviewed gambling research produced in Australia, New Zealand, North America and the UK published between 1996 and 2016. Surprisingly, we found that the overwhelming of majority of articles do not specifically address EGMs as the most popular and pervasive gambling technology available. Our paper teases out some concerning implications of this finding for the interdisciplinary field of gambling studies

Bell-inequality violation with a triggered photon-pair source

Here we demonstrate, for the first time, violation of Bell's inequality using a triggered quantum dot photon-pair source without post-selection. Furthermore, the fidelity to the expected Bell state can be increased above 90% using temporal gating to reject photons emitted at times when collection of uncorrelated light is more probable. A direct measurement of a CHSH Bell inequality is made showing a clear violation, highlighting that a quantum dot entangled photon source is suitable for communication exploiting non-local quantum correlations.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

High-Precision U-Pb CA-TIMS Calibration of Middle Permian to Lower Triassic Sequences, Mass Extinction and Extreme Climate-Change in Eastern Australian Gondwana

Twenty-eight new high-precision Chemical Abrasion Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry U-Pb zircon dates for tuffs in the Sydney and Bowen Basins are reported. Based on these new dates, the Guadalupian-Lopingian/Capitanian-Wuchiapingian boundary is tentatively placed at the level of the Thirroul Sandstone in the lower part of the Illawarra Coal Measures in the Sydney Basin. The Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian boundary is at or close to the Kembla Sandstone horizon in the Illawarra Coal Measures, southern Sydney Basin, in the middle part of the Newcastle Coal Measures in the northern Sydney Basin, and in the middle of the Black Alley Shale in the southern Bowen Basin. The end-Permian mass extinction is recognised at the base of the Coal Cliff Sandstone in the southern Sydney Basin, at the top of the Newcastle Coal Measures in the northern Sydney Basin, and close to the base of the Rewan Group in the Bowen Basin and is dated at c. 252.2 Ma. The end-Permian mass extinction is interpreted to be synchronous globally in both marine and terrestrial environments, and in high and low latitudes (resolution \u3c 0.5 my). The GSSP-defined Permian-Triassic boundary is interpreted to be approximately at the level of the Scarborough Sandstone in the lower Narrabeen Group, Sydney Basin, and in the lower Rewan Group, Bowen Basin. New dates presented here suggest that the P3 and P4 glacial episodes in the Permian of eastern Australia are early Roadian to early Capitanian, and late Capitanian to mid Wuchiapingian in age respectively. The greenhouse crisis in the uppermost Pebbly Beach and Rowan Formations of the Sydney Basin is interpreted as early mid Roadian, a mid-Capitanian age for the crisis at the base of the Illawarra/Whittingham Coal Measures is confirmed. Greenhouse crises in the upper Illawarra/Newcastle Coal Measures and lower Narrabeen Group of the Sydney Basin are dated as upper Changhsingian-Induan, and in the upper Narrabeen Group/lower Hawksbury Sandstone as upper Olenekian

Early Permian Zircon Ages from the \u3cem\u3eP. confluens\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eP. pseudoreticulata\u3c/em\u3e Spore-Pollen Zones in the Southern Bonaparte and Canning Basins, Northwestern Australia

The Pseudoreticulatispora confluens–P. pseudoreticulata spore-pollen zonal datum typically coincides with the end of widespread Permian glacial deposits in Western Australia. Although previously attributed to the mid-Sakmarian, chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) dating of zircons from volcanic tuffs in the Ditji Formation of the Bonaparte Basin and the Grant Group in the Canning Basin point to an Asselian age of about 295.25 Ma for this datum. All dated zircons from the Ditji Formation came from petroleum well cuttings but the accompanying palynology was mostly from sidewall cores; however, all Grant Group samples were from conventional core. TIMS dates from the Ditji Formation range in age from 295.2 to 292.7 Ma whereas the only productive tuff from the Grant Group yielded a 296.26 Ma date. By comparison, there are no zircon dates to constrain the onset of glacial deposition in Australia. The Bonaparte Basin ages overlap with those for the Edie Tuff (296.1–294.5 Ma) in Queensland’s Galilee Basin, approximately 2000 km to the southeast, which also lies close to the base of the P. pseudoreticulata Zone. To date the only fossil group within the P. confluens Zone in Western Australia to provide independent age control, albeit loosely, are goniatites from the northern Perth Basin (Uraloceras irwinense and Juresanites jacksoni) that have consistently been attributed to the Sakmarian; these require a reassessment of their affinity with Russian faunas and therefore to global stratotypes. The position of the Carboniferous–Permian boundary is elusive in Australia and will remain so until additional volcanic tuffs containing young datable zircons are found; however, spore-pollen and zircon dates from Namibia place this boundary within the P. confluens Zone

Saharan dust electrification perceived by a triangle of atmospheric electricity stations in Southern Portugal

Atmospheric Electric Potential Gradient (PG) measurements were carried out in three sites forming a triangular array in Southern Portugal. The campaign was performed during the summer, characterized by Saharan dust outbreaks; 16th-17th July 2014 dust event is considered. Short time-scale oscillations of the PG at two of the stations and a mid time-scale suppression of the PG in the three stations are found. Results are interpreted as evidencing long-range dust electrification; attributed to the air-Earth electrical current creating a bipolar charge distribution inside of the dust layer. The relevance of using arrays of sensors, instead of single sited, is highlighted

Critical behavior in colloid-polymer mixtures: theory and simulation

We extensively investigated the critical behavior of mixtures of colloids and polymers via the two-component Asakura-Oosawa model and its reduction to a one-component colloidal fluid using accurate theoretical and simulation techniques. In particular the theoretical approach, hierarchical reference theory [Adv. Phys. 44, 211 (1995)], incorporates realistically the effects of long-range fluctuations on phase separation giving exponents which differ strongly from their mean-field values, and are in good agreement with those of the three-dimensional Ising model. Computer simulations combined with finite-size scaling analysis confirm the Ising universality and the accuracy of the theory, although some discrepancy in the location of the critical point between one-component and full-mixture description remains. To assess the limit of the pair-interaction description, we compare one-component and two-component results.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

By design : negotiating flexible learning in the built environment discipline

The term ‘flexible education’ is now firmly entrenched within Australian higher education discourse, yet the term is a contested one imbued with a multiplicity of meanings. This paper describes a process designed to elucidate how the idea of flexible education can be translated into teaching models that are informed by the specific demands of disciplinary contexts. The process uses a flexible learning ‘matching’ tool to articulate the understandings and preferences of students and academics of the Built Environment to bridge the gap between student expectations of flexibility and their teacher’s willingness and ability to provide that flexibility within the limits of the pedagogical context and teaching resources. The findings suggest an informed starting point for educators in the Built Environment and other creative disciplines from which to traverse the complexities inherent in negotiating flexibility in an increasingly digital world

Biomarkers differentiate drug-induced liver injury from other liver injury: PONDER study

Background and Aim: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a known complication of volatile anesthetic (VA) agents, and, despite being rare, DILI can be serious. One mechanism of VA-DILI occurs via interleukin 4 (IL-4)driven upregulation of cytochrome P450-2E1, leading to the formation of drug metabolites (haptens) that trigger IL-4-driven antigen-specific T cells and autoantibodies. Our group has developed biomarkers for liver injury and have examined this in patients before and after VA exposure. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the early markers of VA-DILI. Methods: We prospectively followed patients having a VA general anesthetic (sevoflurane and/or desflurane) and compared them with those who received regional or total intravenous anesthesia. Exclusion criteria were known liver disease or any episode of significant hypotension. Baseline data on patient demographics and comorbidities were collected, and blood was analyzed for liver biochemistry, macrophage activation markers (CD206, CD163), and IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies to JHDN5 (the CYP2E1 epitope) and trifluoroacetyl (TFA), the VA drug hapten. Follow-up blood samples were taken 48 h postoperatively and compared with baseline results. DILI was defined as an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level greater than two times the upper limit of normal (ULN) and post-review agreement by an expert panel, taking into account the pattern of liver function test result derangement and intraoperative events. Results: Of 229 patients recruited, 16 developed an ALT level > 2 × ULN. Twelve were considered likely to have VA-DILI, including four with an ALT rise >3 × ULN. There was a trend to associate VA-DILI with obesity (RR, 2.98; P = 0.063); however, the association with dyslipidemia (RR, 1.47; P = 0.72), male sex (RR, 1.18; P = 0.76), history of atopy (RR, 1.16; P = 0.79), and heavy ethanol consumption (RR, 1.09; P = 0.89) was not statistically significant. Prior VA exposure was not a risk factor (RR, 0.89; P = 0.83). There was a rise in CD206 and decline in CD163 from baseline in all patients. However, in the patients with VA-DILI, the levels were significantly different from all other groups. TFA IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies were elevated in the VA-DILI group when compared with controls. Conclusion: Recognizing that our results may be skewed by our cohort, this work suggests the known immunological pathway mediated by IL-4 in response to an injury: rise in CD206 to stimulate an inflammatory response, and decrease in CD163 to modulate the response. The increase in TFA IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies in the VA-DILI group is consistent with metabolism and the heightened immune response in those who develop DILI. At this early juncture, JHDN5 IgG4 autoantibodies were not detected. Ongoing work is looking at other DILI, and how these markers can be used in DILI

Long-Term Potentiation: One Kind or Many?

Do neurobiologists aim to discover natural kinds? I address this question in this chapter via a critical analysis of classification practices operative across the 43-year history of research on long-term potentiation (LTP). I argue that this 43-year history supports the idea that the structure of scientific practice surrounding LTP research has remained an obstacle to the discovery of natural kinds