The martyrdon and the Virgin of Poyas and mission Puelches in Nahuel Huapi (1670-74 and 1704-1717)

En la etapa colonial de la evangelización del Reino de Chile, los jesuitas se adentraron en tierras patagónicas de dominio indígena fundando la misión del Nahuel Huapi como fue una prolongación de las misiones chilotas, con el fin de ganar tierras y súbditos al otro lado de la cordillera. El martirio de su primer misionero Nicolás Mascardi transformó la muerte de los jesuitas sucesores en la narrativa actual mientras las fuentes originales lo desmienten. La Virgen se transformó en el ícono de esta misión bajo su patronazgo en clave indígena: Nuestra Señora de los Puelches y Poyas. La supervivencia de su imagen en el incendio que destruyó la misión la convirtieron en un emblema de cristiandad colonial regada con la sangre del martirio. El supuesto hallazgo de la imagen de la Virgen de la misión, construyó un nuevo discurso de la Iglesia católica en Bariloche a través de una devoción mariana resignificada que remite al pasado jesuita colonial.In the colonial era of evangelization of the Kingdom of Chile, the Jesuits penetrated into Indian Patagonian lands founding mission was Nahuel Huapi as an extension of Chiloé missions, in order to take land and subjects across the mountains. The martyrdom of their first missionary Nicolás Mascardi death, became successors of the Jesuits in the current narrative while the original sources say otherwise. The Virgin became the icon of this mission under a Indian patronage: "Our Lady of Puelches and Poyas". The survival of your image in the fire that destroyed the mission became an emblem of "colonial Christendom" watered with the "blood of martyrdom." The alleged "discovery" of the image of the Virgin of the mission, built a new discourse of the Catholic Church in Bariloche through a Marian devotion resignified referring to past colonial Jesuit.Fil: Nicoletti, Maria Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro; Argentin

Dal web marketing di prodotto al web marketing di segmento. L'e-banking come soluzione ad un bisogno

Executive Summary - I segnali che arrivano dal mercato hanno evidenziato l'esigenza di realizzare un nuovo sito Poste Italiane, tale che diventi il principale riferimento per l'info-commerce e per effettuare operazioni on line. Da qui l'importanza del marketing su internet che ha portato alla creazione di un'offerta personalizzata adatta alla soddisfazione di bisogni specifici. Ispirandoci ai siti delle Poste europee, la strategia e' data dalla costruzione di diverse sub-home page che corrispondano alle diverse divisioni di Poste, al fine di valorizzare e garantire distintivita' al brand BancoPosta e PosteItaliane . Il sito propone soluzioni a bisogni specifici di segmenti target e non si presenta come una vetrina di prodotti, pertanto, l'offerta integrata di prodotti di corrispondenza, di servizi finanziari e prodotti non finanziari, e' finalizzata a soddisfare il cliente in tutte le sue esigenze. La logica di navigazione si basa su leve di web marketing per facilitare l'utente nella reperibilita' delle informazioni e per rendere piu' accattivante il layout. Il concetto di community e' un'altra leva del web marketing utilizzata, per rendere il sito piu' interattivo e per dare valore aggiunto al cliente. Lo spazio dedicato alle community permette, infatti, di appartenere ad un club esclusivo e di ricevere vantaggiose offerte

Past and present: the jesuits of the Nahuel Huapi mision (1670-1674 and 1704-1717) and the Marian devotion

A orillas del lago Nahuel Huapi, los jesuitas de la Araucanía fundaron una misión como prolongación de las misiones chilotas para ganar tierras y súbditos al otro lado de la cordillera, en dos etapas: 1670-1674 y 1703 -1717. Presentaremos en este trabajo dos cuestiones significativas que se proyectan en tensión hacia el presente: el martirio de los jesuitas del Nahuel Huapi y la devoción de la Virgen María. El martirio del P. Mascardi transformó en mártires a sus sucesores de acuerdo a las actuales narrativas contradiciendo a las fuentes. La Misión bajo la advocación de la Virgen resultó clave en relación a su patronazgo, sus títulos y su iconografía. La supervivencia de su imagen en el incendio que destruyó la misión y su supuesto hallazgo en la actualidad, la convirtieron en un emblema de cristiandad colonial regada con la sangre del martirio, que remite al pasado jesuita colonial.Near Nahuel Huapi’s lake, the Jesuits of the Araucanía founded a mission as an extension of the Chiloé missions, to gain lands and subjects on the other side of the mountain. They did it in two stages: 1670-1674 and 1703-1717. In this work, we will present two significant issues that projected into the present: the martyrdom of the Jesuits of the Nahuel Huapi and the devotion of the Virgin Mary. The martyrdom of P. Mascardi transformed into martyrs their successors, according the present narratives contradicting the original documents. The mission under the advocation of the Virgin was the key in relation to the patronage, the titles and the iconography. The survival of her image in the fire that destroyed the mission and her "discovery" in the present, developed into an emblem of "colonial Christianity" replete with the "blood of martyrdom", which forwards the last colonial Jesuit.Fil: Nicoletti, Maria Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras; Argentin

El discurso misionero salesiano a través de “Raccolta di vedute delle Missione salesiane della Patagonia de Domenico Milanesio (1904)

A través del opúsculo «Raccolta di vedute delle Missione salesiane della Patagonia», escrito por Domenico Milanesio en 1904, analizaremos el discurso misionero que subyace en este texto de marcado carácter propagandístico. Este librito, busca la colaboración de los Cooperadores salesianos para las misiones patagónicas, despertando su interés, a través del contraste de imágenes y la resignificación de su tema central: las misiones salesianas y sus actores. Mediante este escrito y por medio de una secuencia de fotos, dibujos, mapas y textos, Milanesio presenta la primera historia de las misiones a través de un conjunto de biografías de sus protagonistas y de escenas significativas de la evangelización. De esta manera, y en función del objetivo evangelizador, este misionero resignifica a los contradestinatarios de su discurso: los indígenas patagónicos, como sujetos de evangelización.Fil: Nicoletti, Maria Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio; Argentin

La representación de los colegios salesianos en los supervisores neuquinos

Nos proponemos analizar en este trabajo de qué manera la identidad entre las escuelas confesionales y los Salesianos, construida desde la época del territorio patagónico, ha marcado fuertemente el discurso de los supervisores escolares que las visitaban. Estos han proyectado una clara representación social sobre la «escuela salesiana», no sólo referencial, sino también prospectiva, en cuanto a que se manifiesta como una construcción inducida. Dentro del sistema educativo patagónico, la educación salesiana ha sido sinónimo de educación confesional, pues fue la única representación de la Iglesia católica en éste ámbito. A través del análisis de los informes de supervisores de las escuelas salesianas neuquinas del período provincial y entrevistas a estos agentes del Consejo, hemos advertido cómo la construcción identitaria (salesianos/escuelas confesionales) jugó un rol fundamental en la representación social que los supervisores manifestaron sobre las escuelas de la Congregación, diferenciándolas de las escuelas estatales por su orden, su atención al alumnado y su disciplina. Desde esta perspectiva, la identidad entre las escuelas confesionales y los Salesianos se amplió hacia una analogía que fusionó moral y religión con orden y disciplina, constituyendo una representación social que los supervisores plasmaron en su discurso.Fil: Nicoletti, Maria Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentin

Increased circulating levels of interleukin-6 induce perturbation in redox-regulated signaling cascades in muscle of dystrophic mice

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disease in which dystrophin gene is mutated, resulting in dysfunctional or absent dystrophin protein. The pathology of dystrophic muscle includes degeneration, necrosis with inflammatory cell invasion, regeneration, and fibrous and fatty changes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the absence of dystrophin leads to muscle degeneration remain to be fully elucidated. An imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant systems has been proposed as a secondary effect of DMD. However, the significance and precise extent of the perturbation in redox signaling cascades is poorly understood. We report that mdx dystrophic mice are able to activate a compensatory antioxidant response at the presymptomatic stage of the disease. In contrast, increased circulating levels of IL-6 perturb the redox signaling cascade, even prior to the necrotic stage, leading to severe features and progressive nature of muscular dystrophy

Inhuman All Too Inhuman:Intrinsic Limits of Computational Creativity in Music

Published in: Riffs: Experimental Writing on Popular Music, 4/1 (2020), pp. 28-47. In this paper we aim to reflect upon the human-machine relationship in creative contexts and, more precisely, on some of the limits that machines present when we take creativity into consideration. In particular, we want to raise some concerns about the possibility that machines can genuinely instantiate intelligence as we understand it (the thesis of strong artificial intelligence) and are therefore able to take our place as creative agents. However, even considering the more plausible positions regarding the potential abilities of artificial intelligence (e.g. machines’ ability to reproduce behaviours that seem intelligent: the thesis of weak artificial intelligence), we are convinced that there are still some discrepancies in comparing creativity between human beings and digital agents. After having argued against the plausibility of human-like intelligent (and creative) machines, we are going to present some actual cases of weak AIs in action, alongside some questions that – we argue – are surely more imminent and interesting than the science-fictional scenarios depicted by strong AIs supporters: should we underestimate the importance of having a body in the creation of music? And what can be said about our understanding of pleasure and meanings? And also, what role should we grant to all of those social aspects and values that are related to music and that define a large portion of the meaning of the music itself, especially in the field of popular music? To answer these questions, we will address four orders of issues concerning musical creation by referring to sociology of music, musical semiotics and embodied simulation. Thus, it will become evident that music is much more than just a sonic phenomenon, and this is something we should never disregard while trying to assess the role of creative machines

Mutual information in changing environments: non-linear interactions, out-of-equilibrium systems, and continuously-varying diffusivities

Biochemistry, ecology, and neuroscience are examples of prominent fields aiming at describing interacting systems that exhibit non-trivial couplings to complex, ever-changing environments. We have recently shown that linear interactions and a switching environment are encoded separately in the mutual information of the overall system. Here, we first generalize these findings to a broad class of non-linear interacting models. We find that a new term in the mutual information appears, quantifying the interplay between non-linear interactions and environmental changes, and leading to either constructive or destructive information interference. Furthermore, we show that a higher mutual information emerges in out-of-equilibrium environments with respect to an equilibrium scenario. Finally, we generalize our framework to the case of continuously varying environments. We find that environmental changes can be mapped exactly into an effective spatially-varying diffusion coefficient, shedding light on modeling and information structure of biophysical systems in inhomogeneous media

Of Flesh and Steel:Computational Creativity in Music and the Body Issue

Could machines ever take our place in the creation of art, and particularly music? The outstanding results of some well-known AIs (e.g. EMI, Flow Machines) might make us believe that this is the case. However, despite this evidence it seems that machines present some intrinsic limits both in creative and non-creative contexts (already highlighted by John Searle and the debate around mechanism). The arguments of this paper are centred around this very belief: we are convinced that the utopian claims regarding all-round machine intelligence are not plausible and that our attention should be directed towards more relevant issues in the field of computational creativity. In particular, we focus our attention on what we call the “body issue”, i.e. the role of the body in the experience and creation of music, that we consider problematic for the idea of a truly creative machine (even if we take into consideration weaker renditions of artificial intelligence). Our argument is based on contemporary findings in neuroscience (especially on embodied cognition) and on the theories of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Roland Barthes