A Epistemologia Genética em um Experimento Virtual Imersivo 3D de Magnetismo

Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de um experimento virtual imersivo 3D de magnetismo elaborado na plataforma OpenSim. A fundamentação teórica encontra-se na Epistemologia Genética, a coleta de dados inspirou-se no Método Clínico de Piaget e a análise foi realizada com base nos estudos de Piaget e Inhelder sobre o pensamento do adolescente. Os dados foram obtidos pela gravação audiovisual da apliação da entrevista clínica ao longo das simulações virtuais. Os  resultados demonstraram a viabilidade da criação de experimentos virtuais imersivos 3D de magnetismo sob a ótica da teoria de Piaget, além de apontar para o uso do pensamento formal por parte dos sujeitos entrevisados

A Epistemologia Genética em um Experimento Virtual Imersivo 3D de Magnetismo

Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de um experimento virtual imersivo 3D de magnetismo elaborado na plataforma OpenSim. A fundamentação teórica encontra-se na Epistemologia Genética, a coleta de dados inspirou-se no Método Clínico de Piaget e a análise foi realizada com base nos estudos de Piaget e Inhelder sobre o pensamento do adolescente. Os dados foram obtidos pela gravação audiovisual da apliação da entrevista clínica ao longo das simulações virtuais. Os  resultados demonstraram a viabilidade da criação de experimentos virtuais imersivos 3D de magnetismo sob a ótica da teoria de Piaget, além de apontar para o uso do pensamento formal por parte dos sujeitos entrevisados

Topographic aspects in the spatial and temporal dynamic of net radiation

The measurements obtained by remote sensing are influenced by issues related to relief. Based on that, this paper aims to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of the net radiation (Rn), considering the influence of topographic parameters on it, in Edgárdia Experimental Farm (FEE). It was used the methodology based on the SEBAL algorithm (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) to estimate the net radiation by orbital images. In order to assess the topographic influence on the computing of net radiation, three methodologies were applied: without topographic correction (RnSem), cosine correction (RnCos) and C correction (RnC). These methodologies were applied on 21 images of the orbital platform Landsat-5/TM, from 1985 up to 2010. Due to the complex relief of the FEE, the cosine correction did not show effectiveness on the attenuation of topographic influence. For the values of RnC, we noticed an average reduction of 5.97% for the standard deviation, relative to the images without correction. These results show the importance of considering the relief, to achieve higher accuracies on the estimation of biophysical parameters with orbital images

Anti-inflammatory Activity

Abstract It is known that inflammation involves a complex series of protective andreparative responses to tissue injury caused by either mechanical and autoimmunestimuli or infection. Inflammation can be either acute or chronic. In the acute phase,in the early stages of inflammation, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cellscontribute to cytokine production that spreads the inflammatory events. Althoughinflammation has a protective role, many diseases have the etiological origin ininflammatory processes such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, cancer, and ischemic heartdisease. There are many pathways involving the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatorymediators. In this chapter we analyze different intracellular signalingroutes related to inflammation. There are two principal types of anti-inflammatorydrugs, namely, steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which reduce inflammation bybinding to cortisol receptors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, whichdecrease damage by inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. These anti-inflammatorydrugs entail many risks, in particular, gastrointestinal ulceration, bleeding, and hepatotoxicity.Over the last decades, the potential of sesquiterpene lactones as anti-inflammatoryagents has been pointed out by different authors.Fil: Alonso, Maria del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Anesini, Claudia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Martino, Renzo Fabricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; Argentin

Analysis of the expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and cytokine production during experimental Leishmania chagasi infection

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen-derived molecules and influence immunity to control parasite infections. This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of TLRs 2 and 4, the expression and production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the spleen of mice infected with Leishmania chagasi. It also aimed to evaluate any correlations between mRNA expression TLR2 and 4 and cytokines and NO production. Infection resulted in increased TLR2-4, IL-17, TNF-α and TGF-β mRNA expression during early infection, with decreased expression during late infection correlating with parasite load. IFN-γ and IL-12 mRNA expression decreased at the peak of parasitism. IL-10 mRNA expression increased throughout the entire time period analysed. Although TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-17 were highly produced during the initial phase of infection, IFN-γ and IL-12 exhibited high production during the final phase of infection. IL-10 and NO showed increased production throughout the evaluated time period. In the acute phase of infection, there was a positive correlation between TLR2-4, TNF-α, IL-17, NO, IL-10 and TGF-β expression and parasite load. During the chronic phase of infection, there was a positive correlation between TLR2-4, TNF-α, IL-17 and TGF-β expression and parasite load. Our data suggest that infection by L. chagasi resulted in modulation of TLRs 2 and 4 and cytokines