CGIAR's science has informed and influenced the negotiations of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the final post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

With scientific and technical backstopping of CGIAR and other partners, for the first time, the Convention on Biological Diversity (GBF) has included a clear reference to the role of domesticated species diversity at the population level (Target 4), the role of agroecological approaches for the sustainable use of biodiversity in agriculture (Target 10), and has included means to monitor progress (Agrobiodiversity Index). The main users of the GBF are the member parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Demanda por trabajo en Chile : una estimacion econometrica.

68 p.El pausado ritmo de recuperación que evidenció el empleo tras la crisis asiática trajo consigo un aumento en la preocupación de autoridades y economistas. A raíz de esto, surgieron diversos estudios de demanda por trabajo en Chile, los cuales centraron su análisis en ver si las causas del desempleo respondían a un fenómeno cíclico o estructural. Esta investigación se centra en la estimación de un modelo de demanda por trabajo en Chile de largo plazo, observar el comportamiento de las variables explicativas de dicho modelo y finalmente en la determinación de la estabilidad estructural del mismo. La validez de los resultados alcanzados se sustenta en el tratamiento dado a las series bajo estudio, consistente en la aplicación de diversas pruebas que llevan a determinar la existencia de co integración entre las variables, lo que asegura una relación de largo plazo entre ellas. La estimación de la ecuación de largo plazo, cuyas variables explicativas son producto, costo de capital y salario real, muestra que la demanda por trabajo es más sensible a cambios en el producto. El corto plazo analizado mediante el mecanismo de corrección de errores, señala como significativas las variables producto, empleo rezagado y el residuo de la ecuación de largo plazo. Siendo la variación en el empleo rezagado la de mayor impacto sobre la demanda laboral. El análisis de estabilidad estructural, realizado mediante el test de pronóstico de Chow, arrojó como resultado evidencia en contra de la hipótesis de cambio estructural en la demanda por trabajo en Chile

Desarrollo De Habilidades Sociales De Jóvenes Con Discapacidad Intelectual Frente A La Insercion Laboral

El estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el desarrollo de Habilidades Sociales de j venescon discapacidad intelectual que cursan talleres laborales en contexto educativo formal e informal de la Comuna Santiago Chile Se enmarca en el enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo transeccional mediante la aplicaci n de cuestionarios de tipo Likert al profesor a que se encuentra situados dentro de contexto de investigaci n quien da a conocer su apreciaci n con respecto la frecuencia con la cual m s suceden ciertas situaciones que se plantean en relaci n a su estudiante Entre los primero hallazgos se puede indicar que las personas en situaci n de discapacidad presentan un mayor nivel de desarrollo en las dimensiones de habilidades sociales b sicas y adelantadas por sobre las habilidades sociales relacionadas con la autodeterminaci n y con las emocione

Propuesta de un modelo de gestión del talento humano por procesos en una Unidad Educativa.

The current work had as aim to propose a Human Talent Management Model by processes to improve work performance in the "La Fontaine" High School Educational Unit. The main problem to be solved, was the staff low performance in the educational institution, manifested in a limited professional performance and the leadership lack, what demotivated the administrative and teaching staff. For addressing this problem, it was used a work methodology, what combined quantitative and qualitative approaches. It was collected information, through numerical and statistical interpretations, using research instruments, and was made a bibliographical-documentary research to theoretically support the study. The results revealed, which the rewards and recognition system showed a tendency towards neutrality, with a significant percentage 33.33% respondents without a clear opinion. While one group was highly satisfied, another considered the system highly unsatisfactory and unsatisfactory, indicating discontent and unfulfilled expectations. The project practical application consisted in the Human Talent Management Model creation, what included four key dimensions: recruitment and selection, training, performance assessment, and remuneration, compensation and benefits. They were developed optimization strategies based on the model indicators to enhance all these dimensions.El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo proponer un Modelo de Gestión del Talento Humano por procesos para mejorar el desempeño laboral en la Unidad Educativa "La Fontaine" High School. El principal problema a resolver fue el bajo rendimiento del personal en la institución educativa, manifestado en un desempeño profesional limitado y la falta de liderazgo que desmotivaba al personal administrativo y docente. Para abordar este problema, se utilizó una metodología de trabajo que combinó enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos. Se recopiló información a través de interpretaciones numéricas y estadísticas utilizando instrumentos de investigación, y se realizó una investigación bibliográfica-documental para fundamentar teóricamente el estudio. Los resultados revelaron que el sistema de recompensas y reconocimientos mostraba una tendencia hacia la neutralidad, con un porcentaje de 33.33% significativo de encuestados sin opinión clara. Mientras que un grupo estaba muy satisfecho, otro consideraba el sistema muy insatisfactorio e insatisfactorio, indicando descontento y expectativas no cumplidas. La aplicación práctica del proyecto consistió en la creación de un Modelo de Gestión del Talento Humano que abarca cuatro dimensiones clave: reclutamiento y selección, capacitación, evaluación de desempeño, remuneraciones, compensaciones y beneficios. Se desarrollaron estrategias de optimización basadas en los indicadores del modelo para potenciar todas estas dimensiones

Calidad de vida y su relación con la salud en mujeres de la zona de Cochapamba- Ibarra, 2018

Determinar la calidad de vida y su relación con la salud en mujeres de la zona de Cochapamba.La Organización Mundial de la Salud determina que la calidad de vida es la percepción que un individuo tiene sobre su situación de vida en relación a su cultura, factores sociales, económicos, condiciones de salud; esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la calidad de vida y su relación con la salud en mujeres de la zona de Cochapamba, para ello se utilizó un diseño de investigación cuantitativo, no experimental y un tipo de estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal, la muestra fue constituida por 268 mujeres de la zona de Cochapamba; como instrumento de recolección de datos se aplicó el cuestionario SF-36 es el más usado en estudios de calidad de vida y estado de salud a nivel mundial. En los resultados se observa que el 73.13% tienen una relación estable (casadas y unión de hecho), respecto al número de hijos se aprecia que el 38.06% de la población en estudio tiene de 4 a 6 hijos; considerando que el 34.7% de las mujeres son analfabetas. De acuerdo con las dimensiones de la evaluación de la calidad de vida se observa que los resultados que más se distingue están entre regular y malo. La mayor parte de las mujeres de la población en estudio poseen una calidad de vida y un estado general de salud vulnerable en relación al aspecto físico, mental, emocional y social que influyen en su vida cotidiana, estos resultados permitieron realizar un folleto informativo para mejorar la calidad de vida en las mujeres de esta zona.Licenciatur

Understanding Political Agreements and Disagreements: Evidence from the 2022 French Presidential Election

Since the seminal works of Condorcet and Borda, social choice theory has explored how to aggregate individual preferences into collective decisions. Yet, social choice theory has focused primarily on identifying winners in elections involving few candidates, leaving questions about direct participation on multiple issues relatively unexplored. Here we analyze data collected in a direct participation experiment where people built their own government programs using 120 proposals from the candidates of the 2022 French presidential. We find that in this setting it is useful to introduce a measure of "divisiveness," which can be constructed for any voting rule, is orthogonal to them, and helps identify polarizing proposals. We show that divisiveness captures fragmentation across multiple dimensions (sex, age, political orientation, and urban-rural divide) and explore some of its axiomatic properties. These results suggest divisiveness is a relevant aggregate in direct forms of participation.Comment: 23 pages main manuscript with 8 figures. 25 pages of supplementary materia

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with critical influenza pneumonia

In an international cohort of 279 patients with hypoxemic influenza pneumonia, we identified 13 patients (4.6%) with autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-alpha and/or -omega, which were previously reported to underlie 15% cases of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia and one third of severe adverse reactions to live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia and yellow fever vaccine disease. We report here on 13 patients harboring autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 alone (five patients) or with IFN-omega (eight patients) from a cohort of 279 patients (4.7%) aged 6-73 yr with critical influenza pneumonia. Nine and four patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-alpha 2, and six and two patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-omega. The patients' autoantibodies increased influenza A virus replication in both A549 cells and reconstituted human airway epithelia. The prevalence of these antibodies was significantly higher than that in the general population for patients 70 yr of age (3.1 vs. 4.4%, P = 0.68). The risk of critical influenza was highest in patients with antibodies neutralizing high concentrations of both IFN-alpha 2 and IFN-omega (OR = 11.7, P = 1.3 x 10(-5)), especially those <70 yr old (OR = 139.9, P = 3.1 x 10(-10)). We also identified 10 patients in additional influenza patient cohorts. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs account for similar to 5% of cases of life-threatening influenza pneumonia in patients <70 yr old

The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security