Intraoperative MRI for the microsurgical resection of meningiomas close to eloquent areas or dural sinuses: patient series

BACKGROUND: Meningiomas are the most commonly encountered nonglial primary intracranial tumors. The authors report on the usefulness of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) during microsurgical resection of meningiomas located close to eloquent areas or dural sinuses and on the feasibility of further radiation therapy. OBSERVATIONS: Six patients benefited from this approach. The mean follow-up period after surgery was 3.3 (median 3.2, range 2.1–4.6) years. Five patients had no postoperative neurological deficit, of whom two with preoperative motor deficit completely recovered. One patient with preoperative left inferior limb deficit partially recovered. The mean interval between surgery and radiation therapy was 15.8 (median 16.9, range 1.4–40.5) months. Additional radiation therapy was required in five cases after surgery. The mean preoperative tumor volume was 38.7 (median 27.5, range 8.6–75.6) mL. The mean postoperative tumor volume was 1.2 (median 0.8, range 0–4.3) mL. At the last follow-up, all tumors were controlled. LESSONS: The use of iMRI was particularly helpful to (1) decide on additional tumor resection according to iMRI findings during the surgical procedure; (2) evaluate the residual tumor volume at the end of the surgery; and (3) judge the need for further radiation and, in particular, the feasibility of single-fraction radiosurgery

Romiplostim for temozolomide-induced thrombocytopenia in glioblastoma: The PLATUM trial

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim for the prevention of temozolomide-induced thrombocytopenia in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. METHODS In the PLATUM phase II open-label, multicenter, single-arm trial, patients diagnosed with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia during chemoradiotherapy received weekly subcutaneous romiplostim injections. PLATUM aimed at demonstrating that the percentage of thrombocytopenic patients treated with romiplostim able to complete 6 cycles of maintenance temozolomide chemotherapy exceeded 10% (0 = 0.10; A = 0.35). Using type I error equal to 0.05% and 95% power, 31 patients had to be recruited. According to a Fleming 2-step design with a preplanned interim analysis after recruitment of 20 patients (step 1), the trial was terminated early for success. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled in step 1. Median age was 61 years (range 33-73). Twelve patients received 6 temozolomide cycles, corresponding to a success rate of 60% (95% confidence interval 36%-81%). Four patients discontinued temozolomide because they did not respond to romiplostim, 2 for progression, and 2 for adverse events unrelated to romiplostim. CONCLUSION The thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim improves exposure to chemotherapy in patients with glioblastoma experiencing temozolomide-induced thrombocytopenia. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT02227576. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with glioblastoma and thrombocytopenia, romiplostim is effective for the secondary prophylaxis of temozolomide-induced thrombocytopenia

Efficacy and Tolerance of Post-operative Hypo-Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy in a Large Series of Patients With Brain Metastases

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess, in a large series, the efficacy and tolerance of post-operative adjuvant hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (HFSRT) for brain metastases (BMs).Materials and Methods: Between July 2012 and January 2017, 160 patients from 2 centers were operated for BM and treated by HFSRT. Patients had between 1 and 3 BMs, no brainstem lesions or carcinomatous meningitis. The primary endpoint was local control. Secondary endpoints were distant brain control, overall survival (OS) and tolerance to HFSRT.Results: 73 patients (46%) presented with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 23 (14%) had melanoma and 21 (13%) breast cancer. Median age was 58 years (range, 22–83 years). BMs were synchronous in 50% of the cases. The most frequent prescription regimens were 24 Gy in 3 fractions (n = 52, 33%) and 30 Gy in 5 fractions (n = 37, 23%). Local control rates at 1 and 2 years were 88% [95%CI, 81–93%] and 81% [95%CI, 70–88%], respectively. Distant control rate at 1 year was 48% [95%CI, 81–93%]. In multivariate analysis, primary NSCLC was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death compared to other primary sites (HR = 0.57, p = 0.007), the number of extra-cerebral metastatic sites (HR = 1.26, p = 0.003) and planning target volumes (HR = 1.15, p = 0.012) were associated with a lower OS. There was no prognostic factor of time to local progression. Median OS was 15.2 months [95%CI, 12.0–17.9 months] and the OS rate at 1 year was 58% [95% CI, 50–65%]. Salvage radiotherapy was administered to 72 patients (45%), of which 49 received new HFSRT. Ten (7%) patients presented late grade 2 and 4 (3%) patients late grade 3 toxicities. Thirteen (8.9%) patients developed radiation necrosis.Conclusions: This large multicenter retrospective study shows that HFSRT allows for good local control of metastasectomy tumor beds and that this technique is well-tolerated by patients

ROLE DU CORTEX MOTEUR DANS LA MODULATION DES AFFERENCES SOMESTHESIQUES. MODELE DE LA STIMULATION ELECTRIQUE DU CORTEX MOTEUR

A debated question about the complex mechanisms of sensory-motor integration has concerned whether motor cortical areas are able to affect exteroceptive peripheral afferents during the execution of movements. The main scope of this work was to afford arguments supporting the hypothesis whereby motor cortex is able to modulate sensory afferent inputs. We have then been interested with looking for a possible neuromodulation induced by motor cortex stimulation (MCS) used for the management of neuropathic pain, since it has been suggested that MCS restores (at least in part) the relationship between non-nociceptive and nociceptive sensory processing. We therefore studied the influence of MCS on post movement beta synchronization (PMBS) since this sharp increase in beta-frequency EEG power following movement offset may reflect cortical processing of movement-related sensory afferent inputs. The first part of this work tended to assess the hypothetical relationship between PMBS and the cortical processing of movement-related somatosensory afferent inputs. We therefore studied the time course and location of PMBS in patients presenting with sensory deafferentation. We used the event-related synchronization (ERS) method. EEG activity was recorded (via a 128-electrode system) during brisk, unilateral right and left index finger extension by 10 patients presenting with sensory deafferentation in a context of neuropathic pain. We highlighted that sensory deafferentation disrupted normal PMBS patterns. Indeed PMBS pattern related to the painful side had a spatial distribution, with an ipsilateral preponderance, significantly more restricted than PMBS pattern on the non-painful side and in the control group. The first part of our work provided additional arguments to the hypothesis supporting that PMBS is influenced by movement-related somatosensory input processing. We concluded that PMBS analysis may well be a useful tool for studying physiological somatosensory input processing and pathological states related to this processing deficit. In the second part of the study, we tested the hypothesis whereby MCS reinforces the influence of non-nociceptive sensory pathways on the nociceptive system. We recorded PMBS patterns during brisk, unilateral right and left index finger extension in 8 patients presenting with peripheral or central sensory deafferentation in a context of neuropathic pain. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs, generated using median nerve stimulation) were also recorded. Recordings were made before and during MCS. MCS influenced the spatial distribution of PMBS in all cases; it restored maximum-intensity PMBS contralateral to the painful body side and increased the bilateral PMBS overlap in the central cortex. Furthermore, MCS increased the overall intensity of the PMBS signals. In the third part we recorded SEP in the same population, befor and during MCS. MCS restored SEPs in 6 patients. The recovery of PMBS and SEP signals was significantly correlated with the analgesic effect of MCS. This study provides evidence that MCS-induced neuromodulation improves cortical somatosensory input processing. Hence, MCS may influence the pain inhibition function of the system mediating activation of non-noxious somatosensory neurons. Our study highlights a possible role of motor cortex for the modulation of sensory afferent inputs. Our findings are in accordance with previous clinical and basic research results.La question du rôle du cortex dans la modulation des afférences somesthésiques inhérente à l'intégration sensorimotrice et au contrôle moteur reste l'objet de recherches cliniques et fondamentales. Si le cortex moteur primaire (M1) occupe un rôle central dans le contrôle du mouvement en participant activement à l'élaboration du plan moteur et à son exécution, il semble réciproquement influencé par les afférences somesthésiques générées par le mouvement. Il est probable que réciproquement il soit capable de moduler ces afférences somesthésiques. L'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse était d'apporter des arguments en faveur de cette modulation potentielle des afférences somesthésiques par le cortex moteur. Nous nous sommes, dans ce contexte, intéressés à la stimulation électrique chronique du cortex moteur (SCM) utilisée dans la prise en charge de certaines douleurs neuropathiques et dont les mécanismes de l'effet analgésique demeurent mal connus. Afin de mettre en évidence une possible neuromodulation induite par la SCM nous avons étudié son influence sur les rythmes corticaux liés au mouvement, particulièrement la synchronisation du rythme béta suivant le mouvement (SLE β) sachant qu'il existe des arguments en faveur d'une relation entre SLE β et le traitement cortical des afférences somesthésiques liées au mouvement. La première partie du travail a consisté à conforter cette probable influence des afférences somesthésiques corticales sur la SLE β. Nous avons pour ce faire étudié les profils de SLE β en enregistrement électroencéphalographique (EEG) 128 voies chez des patients présentant, dans un contexte de douleurs neuropathiques, une déafférentation sensitive d'origine centrale ou périphérique, documentée par une altération des potentiels évoqués somesthésiques (PES). Nous avons pu constater que la déafférentation sensitive provoquait une destructuration du profil de SLE β en comparaison à une population de volontaires sains. En effet, les patients présentaient une SLE β dont la distribution spatiale était restreinte et volontiers ipsilatérale au mouvement du côté douloureux contrairement à la distribution spatiale physiologique de la SLE β volontiers bilatérale à prédominance controlatérale au mouvement. Nous avons donc conclu au terme de cette première partie que la SLE β pouvait être considérée comme un reflet des afférences somesthésiques au niveau cortical et un bon outil de l'étude de l'intégration sensori-motrice. La deuxième partie du travail a consisté à étudier les effets de la SCM sur les modifications de la SLE β en condition de déafférentation sensitive. Nous avons exploré les profils de SLE β chez des patients éligibles à une SCM pour la prise en charge de leurs douleurs neuropathiques. Ces explorations ont eu lieu avant et durant la réalisation de la SCM. Nous avons pu constater une modulation significative de la SLE β par la SCM avec une restauration d'une distribution spatiale plus physiologique. Compte tenu du rôle du thalamus dans la génèse des oscillations corticales, des connexions réciproques du cortex moteur et du thalamus et de l'influence des afférences somesthésiques sur la SLE β, nous avons supposé que la SCM facilitait les afférences somesthésiques thalamo-corticales liées au mouvement. Dès lors, nous nous sommes intéressés dans une troisième partie aux effets de la SCM sur les PES de ces patients. Nous avons constaté chez certains d'entre eux une augmentation de l'amplitude des potentiels N20/P25, et ce de façon corrélée à l'effet analgésique de la SCM. Notre travail semble apporter des arguments en faveur d'une capacité du cortex moteur à moduler les afférences somesthésiques tout au moins en condition non physiologique d'une stimulation électrique. Ces résultats sont concordants avec des données cliniques et fondamentales antérieurement rapportées dans la littérature

REPERAGE ANATOMO-FONCTIONNEL CEREBRAL CORTICAL ET AIDE AUX TRAITEMENTS EN ZONES FONCTIONNELLES

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF