54 research outputs found
Correlations between effective permeability and marrow contact channels surface of vertebral endplates
Homeostasis of the intervertebral disc relies on nutrient supply and waste clearance through the dense capillary network that is in contact with the cartilage endplate (CEP). We developed a micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) method to quantify the marrow contact channel surface (MCCS) with the CEP and to validate the hypothesis according to which MCCS was correlated to the effective permeability of the vertebral endplate (VEP) and influenced by the mechanical stimuli. The influence of compression loading on local vascularization was investigated. Six 4-week-old skeletally immature pigs were instrumented with left pedicle screws and rod at both T5-T6 and L1-L2 levels to create asymmetrical spine tethers. After 3 months of growth, three cylindrical specimens of the VEP (one central and two lateral right and left) were obtained from both the instrumented and the control levels. We used a previously validated method for measuring permeability. Micro-CT analysis (resolution 12 mu m) yielded a gray-scale 2D-image of the discal end of each specimen converted into a binary 2D-image to derive the MCCS. Correlations between MCCS and effective permeability were assessed. Effective permeability and MCCS were significantly decreased compared to the control group especially on the tethered side (-41..5%, p = 0.004 and -52.5%, p = 0.0009, respectively). Correlations were significant and showed maximal value (r(2) = 0.430, p < 0.0001) on the tethered side involving maximal compressive loadings. Mechanical stimuli, due to unbalanced growth, altered the vascularization and the convective properties of the CEP. The cascade of mechanobiological events should offer perspectives for research on disc degeneration and attempted treatment. (C) 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society
Homologous Recombination Is Stimulated by a Decrease in dUTPase in Arabidopsis
Deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) enzyme is an essential enzyme that protects DNA against uracil incorporation. No organism can tolerate the absence of this activity. In this article, we show that dUTPase function is conserved between E. coli (Escherichia coli), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and that it is essential in Arabidopsis as in both micro-organisms. Using a RNA interference strategy, plant lines were generated with a diminished dUTPase activity as compared to the wild-type. These plants are sensitive to 5-fluoro-uracil. As an indication of DNA damage, inactivation of dUTPase results in the induction of AtRAD51 and AtPARP2, which are involved in DNA repair. Nevertheless, RNAi/DUT1 constructs are compatible with a rad51 mutation. Using a TUNEL assay, DNA damage was observed in the RNAi/DUT1 plants. Finally, plants carrying a homologous recombination (HR) exclusive substrate transformed with the RNAi/DUT1 construct exhibit a seven times increase in homologous recombination events. Increased HR was only detected in the plants that were the most sensitive to 5-fluoro-uracils, thus establishing a link between uracil incorporation in the genomic DNA and HR. Our results show for the first time that genetic instability provoked by the presence of uracils in the DNA is poorly tolerated and that this base misincorporation globally stimulates HR in plants
Groupes partiels, prégroupes et réalisabilité des systÚmes de fusion
In this article, we compare two different notions of partially defined group strutures, namely partial groups and pregroups, as introduced by Chermak and Stallings respectively. In particular we prove that the category of pregroups can be seen as a full subcategory of the category of partial groups. We also bring out some conjugation properties about elements and subgroups of finite order in pregroups and their universal groups. We then use these to investigate the question of realisability of fusion systems in finite pregroups
Théolepte de Philadelphie. Lettres à une princesse et discours monastiques
International audienc
Théolepte de Philadelphie. Lettres à une princesse et discours monastiques
International audienc
Théolepte de Philadelphie, Lettres et Discours monastiques
MH Congourdeau: auteur de l'introduction, traductrice des Discours N. Molinier: traducteur des lettrestraduction française des lettres et des discours adressĂ©s Ă sa disciple la princesse-moniale IrĂšne-Eulogia Palaiologina par ThĂ©olepte de Philadelphie, Ă©vĂȘque byzantin du 14e siĂšcle, maĂźtre spirituel de GrĂ©goire Palamas
A new statistical study of the magnetopause features seen by Cluster
International audienceThe BV method is based on both magnetic field and velocity measurements to determine the magnetopause normal with an improved accuracy from data of one spacecraft. It makes possible a reliable determination of the normal magnetic field and therefore to disentangle a tangential magnetopause from a reconnected one. We will show statistics on the determination of the normal component of the magnetic field and on other properties such as the magnetic shear angle of the tangential component. One of the byproducts of the method is the thickness of the boundary. We will discuss the similarities and differences with the statistics obtained by multi-spacecraft methods when both methods are reliable. The role in particular of a flow going through the magnetopause will be evidenced
Additional costs of polymyalgia rheumatica with giant-cell arteritis
International audienc
Microalgae as Soft Permeable Particles
International audienceThe colloidal stability of non-motile algal cells in water drives their distribution in space. An accurate description of the interfacial properties of microalgae is therefore critical to understand how microalgae concentrations can change in their biotope or during harvesting processes. Here, we probe the surface charges of three unicellular algaeâChlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata, and Tetraselmis suecicaâthrough their electrophoretic mobility. Ohshimaâs soft particle theory describes the electrokinetic properties of particles covered by a permeable polyelectrolyte layer, a usual case for biological particles. The results appear to fit the predictions of Ohshimaâs theory, proving that all three microalgae behave electrokinetically as soft particles. This allowed us to estimate two characteristic parameters of the polyelectrolyte external layer of microalgae: the volume charge density and the hydrodynamic penetration length. Results were compared with transmission electron microscopy observations of the algal cellsâ surfaces, and in particular of their extracellular polymeric layer, which was identified with the permeable shell evidenced by electrophoretic measurements. Noticeably, the algal surface potentials estimated from electrophoretic mobility using the soft particle theory are less negative than the apparent zeta potentials. This finding indicates that electrostatics are expected to play a minor role in phenomena of environmental and industrial importance, such as microalgae aggregation or adhesion
Straightforward Assessment of Wettability Changes by Washburn Capillary Rise: Toward a Screening Tool for Selecting Water Compositions for Improved Oil Recovery
Evaluating the wettability
state of reservoir rocks is key for
understanding and optimizing waterflooding and improved oil recovery
techniques that imply the use of low-salinity water. Aside from established
petrophysical techniques, such as Amott imbibition tests, we evaluated
the Washburn capillary rise method as a low-cost, easy-to-implement,
and rapid screening tool for probing the wettability state of rock
samples. The well-known limitations of this method are discussed and
circumvented. We show that measuring the capillary rise of two liquids
brine and n-octaneis required to
assess the evolution of the wettability state of a material induced
by various treatments. The wettability state is quantified by the
adhesion tension of brine to the solid. The higher the adhesion tension
of brine, the more water-wet the sample. An increase in oil-wetness
is observed when the sample is contacted with a crude oil or its released
waters; an increase in water-wetness is obtained by postcontacting
the oil-wet sample with low-salinity brine or surfactant solutions.
The Washburn capillary rise is revealed to be a robust method for
screening wettability alteration. With a typical duration of 1â10
min, it allows reproducibility check and screening of a wide range
of brine compositions in a reasonable time frame. Therefore, it is
a relevant tool to identify the most favorable brine compositions
to be tested afterward with more time-consuming techniques, such as
Amott tests and corefloods
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