An Efficient Architecture for Information Retrieval in P2P Context Using Hypergraph

Peer-to-peer (P2P) Data-sharing systems now generate a significant portion of Internet traffic. P2P systems have emerged as an accepted way to share enormous volumes of data. Needs for widely distributed information systems supporting virtual organizations have given rise to a new category of P2P systems called schema-based. In such systems each peer is a database management system in itself, ex-posing its own schema. In such a setting, the main objective is the efficient search across peer databases by processing each incoming query without overly consuming bandwidth. The usability of these systems depends on successful techniques to find and retrieve data; however, efficient and effective routing of content-based queries is an emerging problem in P2P networks. This work was attended as an attempt to motivate the use of mining algorithms in the P2P context may improve the significantly the efficiency of such methods. Our proposed method based respectively on combination of clustering with hypergraphs. We use ECCLAT to build approximate clustering and discovering meaningful clusters with slight overlapping. We use an algorithm MTMINER to extract all minimal transversals of a hypergraph (clusters) for query routing. The set of clusters improves the robustness in queries routing mechanism and scalability in P2P Network. We compare the performance of our method with the baseline one considering the queries routing problem. Our experimental results prove that our proposed methods generate impressive levels of performance and scalability with with respect to important criteria such as response time, precision and recall.Comment: 2o pages, 8 figure

Early-onset breast cancer in a Lebanese family with Lynch syndrome due to MSH2 gene mutation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There are still controversies about the integration of breast cancer as a part of the disease spectrum in Lynch syndrome.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A regular follow-up of a Lebanese pedigree with Lynch syndrome due to a point mutation of MSH2 gene at the splice donor site of intron 3 started in 1996.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A 26-year-old pregnant woman, mutation carrier, developed an aggressive breast cancer, refractory to standard chemotherapy regimens. The microsatellite analysis of the tumor showed an unstable pattern for markers BAT25 and BAT26. The immunohistochemical staining was negative for MSH2 and MSH6 and normal for MLH1 and PMS6 enzymes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The segregation of the mutation with the disease phenotype and these results suggest that MSH2 inactivation may be involved in the accelerated breast carcinogenesis and might be considered in the cancer screening program.</p

Bacterial Colonization of Low‐Wettable Surfaces is Driven by Culture Conditions and Topography

Effect of surface low‐wettability on bacterial colonization has become a prominent subject for the development of antibacterial coatings. However, bacteria's fate on such surfaces immersed in liquid as well as causal factors is poorly understood. This question is addressed by using a range of coatings with increasing hydrophobicity, to superhydrophobic, obtained by an atmospheric plasma polymer method allowing series production. Chemistry, wettability, and topography are thoroughly described, as well as bacterial colonization by in situ live imaging up to 24 h culture time in different liquid media. In the extreme case of superhydrophobic coating, substrates are significantly less colonized in biomolecule‐poor liquids and for short‐term culture only. Complex statistical analysis demonstrates that bacterial colonization on these low‐wettable substrates is predominantly controlled by the culture conditions and only secondary by topographic coating's properties (variation in surface structuration with almost constant mean height). Wettability is less responsible for bacterial colonization reduction in these conditions, but allows the coatings to preserve colonization‐prevention properties in nutritive media when topography is masked by fouling. Even after long‐term culture in rich medium, many large places of the superhydrophobic coating are completely free of bacteria in relation to their capacity to preserve air trapping

Iron Behaving Badly: Inappropriate Iron Chelation as a Major Contributor to the Aetiology of Vascular and Other Progressive Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular "reactive oxygen species" (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation). The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible. This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, etc...Comment: 159 pages, including 9 Figs and 2184 reference

Integrated pest management of Tuta absoluta: practical implementations across different world regions

The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), has invaded most Afro-Eurasian countries and is threatening worldwide tomato production. Various strategies have been developed and implemented to manage this pest. Here, we present a timely review on the up-to-date development and practical implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) programs for tomato crops across different world regions infested by T. absoluta. While insecticide resistance is a growing concern, biological control via releasing or conserving arthropod natural enemies and sex pheromone-based biotechnical control are the most successful management practices. Agronomic control-related research is an emerging area where the soil fertilization and/or irrigation, as well as breeding of resistant cultivars, has the potential to enhance IPM effectiveness. Grower survey responses in the native areas (i.e., South America), early-invaded areas (i.e., first report between 2006 and 2012) and newly invaded areas (i.e., first report after 2012) showed that the control programs evolved along with the areas and time since invasion. Growers in the early-invaded areas shifted more rapidly from chemical control to biological control compared to those from the native area. In all concerned regions, the pest control failure risk following chemical insecticide applications and the high cost associated with either biological or biotechnical control methods have been the greatest concerns for growers. The information gathered from the native and/or early-invaded areas may help achieve a more effective management in newly invaded areas. Lastly, researchers are expected to break the bottlenecks of some key issues that would enable lowering application cost of novel biorational alternative management options

Diretriz sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica – 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a form of genetically caused heart muscle disease, characterized by the thickening of the ventricular walls. Diagnosis requires detection through imaging methods (Echocardiogram or Cardiac Magnetic Resonance) showing any segment of the left ventricular wall with a thickness &gt; 15 mm, without any other probable cause. Genetic analysis allows the identification of mutations in genes encoding different structures of the sarcomere responsible for the development of HCM in about 60% of cases, enabling screening of family members and genetic counseling, as an important part of patient and family management. Several concepts about HCM have recently been reviewed, including its prevalence of 1 in 250 individuals, hence not a rare but rather underdiagnosed disease. The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic. In symptomatic cases, obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) is the primary disorder responsible for symptoms, and its presence should be investigated in all cases. In those where resting echocardiogram or Valsalva maneuver does not detect significant intraventricular gradient (&gt; 30 mmHg), they should undergo stress echocardiography to detect LVOT obstruction. Patients with limiting symptoms and severe LVOT obstruction, refractory to beta-blockers and verapamil, should receive septal reduction therapies or use new drugs inhibiting cardiac myosin. Finally, appropriately identified patients at increased risk of sudden death may receive prophylactic measure with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation.La miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) es una forma de enfermedad cardíaca de origen genético, caracterizada por el engrosamiento de las paredes ventriculares. El diagnóstico requiere la detección mediante métodos de imagen (Ecocardiograma o Resonancia Magnética Cardíaca) que muestren algún segmento de la pared ventricular izquierda con un grosor &gt; 15 mm, sin otra causa probable. El análisis genético permite identificar mutaciones en genes que codifican diferentes estructuras del sarcómero responsables del desarrollo de la MCH en aproximadamente el 60% de los casos, lo que permite el tamizaje de familiares y el asesoramiento genético, como parte importante del manejo de pacientes y familiares. Varios conceptos sobre la MCH han sido revisados recientemente, incluida su prevalencia de 1 entre 250 individuos, por lo tanto, no es una enfermedad rara, sino subdiagnosticada. La gran mayoría de los pacientes son asintomáticos. En los casos sintomáticos, la obstrucción del tracto de salida ventricular izquierdo (TSVI) es el trastorno principal responsable de los síntomas, y su presencia debe investigarse en todos los casos. En aquellos en los que el ecocardiograma en reposo o la maniobra de Valsalva no detecta un gradiente intraventricular significativo (&gt; 30 mmHg), deben someterse a ecocardiografía de esfuerzo para detectar la obstrucción del TSVI. Los pacientes con síntomas limitantes y obstrucción grave del TSVI, refractarios al uso de betabloqueantes y verapamilo, deben recibir terapias de reducción septal o usar nuevos medicamentos inhibidores de la miosina cardíaca. Finalmente, los pacientes adecuadamente identificados con un riesgo aumentado de muerte súbita pueden recibir medidas profilácticas con el implante de un cardioversor-desfibrilador implantable (CDI).A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é uma forma de doença do músculo cardíaco de causa genética, caracterizada pela hipertrofia das paredes ventriculares. O diagnóstico requer detecção por métodos de imagem (Ecocardiograma ou Ressonância Magnética Cardíaca) de qualquer segmento da parede do ventrículo esquerdo com espessura &gt; 15 mm, sem outra causa provável. A análise genética permite identificar mutações de genes codificantes de diferentes estruturas do sarcômero responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da CMH em cerca de 60% dos casos, permitindo o rastreio de familiares e aconselhamento genético, como parte importante do manejo dos pacientes e familiares. Vários conceitos sobre a CMH foram recentemente revistos, incluindo sua prevalência de 1 em 250 indivíduos, não sendo, portanto, uma doença rara, mas subdiagnosticada. A vasta maioria dos pacientes é assintomática. Naqueles sintomáticos, a obstrução do trato de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (OTSVE) é o principal distúrbio responsável pelos sintomas, devendo-se investigar a sua presença em todos os casos. Naqueles em que o ecocardiograma em repouso ou com Manobra de Valsalva não detecta gradiente intraventricular significativo (&gt; 30 mmHg), devem ser submetidos à ecocardiografia com esforço físico para detecção da OTSVE.&nbsp;&nbsp; Pacientes com sintomas limitantes e grave OTSVE, refratários ao uso de betabloqueadores e verapamil, devem receber terapias de redução septal ou uso de novas drogas inibidoras da miosina cardíaca. Por fim, os pacientes adequadamente identificados com risco aumentado de morta súbita podem receber medida profilática com implante de cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI)

Queries Mining For Efficient Routing in P2P Communities

International audiencePeer-to-peer (P2P) computing is currently attracting enormous attention. In P2P systems a very large number of autonomous computing nodes (the peers) pool together their resources and rely on each other for data and services. Peer-to-peer (P2P) Data-sharing systems now generate a significant portion of Internet traffic. Examples include P2P systems for network storage, web caching, searching and indexing of relevant documents and distributed network-threat analysis. Requirements for widely distributed information systems supporting virtual organizations have given rise to a new category of P2P systems called schema-based. In such systems each peer exposes its own schema and the main objective is the efficient search across the P2P network by processing each incoming query without overly consuming bandwidth. The usability of these systems depends on effective techniques to find and retrieve data; however, efficient and effective routing of content-based queries is a challenging problem in P2P networks. This work was attended as an attempt to motivate the use of mining algorithms and hypergraphs context to develop two different methods that improve significantly the efficiency of P2P communications. The proposed query routing methods direct the query to a set of relevant peers in such way as to avoid network traffic and bandwidth consumption. We compare the performance of the two proposed methods with the baseline one and our experimental results prove that our proposed methods generate impressive levels of performance and scalability

Clustering using Hypergraph for P2P Query Routing - Simulation and Evaluation

International audiencePeer-to-peer overlay networks offer a flexible architecture for decentralized data sharing. In P2P schema-based systems, each peer is a database management system in itself, ex-posing its own schema. In such a case, the main objective is the efficient search across peer databases by processing each incoming query without overly consuming bandwidth. The usability of these systems depends on efficient and effective routing of content-based queries is an emerging problem in P2P networks. This work was attended to motivate the use of mining algorithms in the P2P context to improve the efficiency of such methods. Our proposed method combines clustering and hypergraphs. We use ECCLAT to build approximate clustering and discovering meaningful clusters with slight overlapping. We use the algorithm MTMINER to extract all minimal transversals of a hypergraph (clusters) for query routing. The set of clusters improves the robustness in queries routing mechanism and scalability in P2P Network. Our experimental results prove that our method generates impressive levels of performance and scalability with respect to important criteria such as response time, precision and recall

Large-scale synthesis of fluorinated graphene by rapid thermal exfoliation of highly fluorinated graphite

International audienceWeakly fluorinated graphene nanosheets were efficiently prepared via fast thermal exfoliation of highly fluorinated graphite. This scalable method consists of a fast temperature increase (around 10 °C s−1) of fluorinated HOPG performed under an argon atmosphere, without any post-treatment. The mechanism of exfoliation induced by the defluorination step, evolving volatile fluorocarbons, has been highlighted thanks to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), high temperature X-ray diffraction (HTK-XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS) studies on temperature, and Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The advantages of the described process are its high-yield for the preparation of fluorinated graphene nanosheets, its ease of implementation and scalability. Moreover, the fluorine content drastically decreases during such a process and graphene layers are slightly functionalized, i.e. conductive contrary to the precursor