The Willingness to Modify Portion Sizes or Eat New Protein Foods Largely Depends on the Dietary Pattern of Protein Intake

International audiencePromoting a more balanced animal/plant dietary protein ratio by changing portion sizes or introducing new foods is a promising means to improve diet quality, but little is known about the willingness of individuals to adopt such changes. Our objective was to assess the willingness to adopt dietary changes by these means. In a French cross-sectional study in 2018 (n = 2055), we analyzed the association between the willingness to eat smaller or larger portions or to introduce non-consumed protein foods and the current dietary patterns of individuals and their socio-demographic characteristics. These modifications had previously been identified as improving the nutrient adequacy of diets. Participants were more willing to eat smaller portion sizes than to introduce new foods and to eat larger portion sizes. The willingness for any modification varied depending on the food groups concerned. Participants were also more willing to eat larger portions and less willing to eat smaller portions when they were the most frequent consumers of the foods concerned. Participants were more willing to eat a new food if it was consumed in large quantities by individuals with a similar dietary pattern. This study underlines the importance of accounting for individual food habits when issuing nutritional recommendations

Urban Egyptian Women Aged 19-30 Years Display Nutrition Transition-Like Dietary Patterns, with High Energy and Sodium Intakes, and Insufficient Iron, Vitamin D, and Folate Intakes.

BACKGROUND: Recent changes in Egyptian dietary habits can be attributed to more urban and sedentary lifestyles and to alterations in the dietary and economic context. The mean BMI of Egyptian women is one of the highest worldwide, and 50% have iron deficiency. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to quantify food and nutrient intakes of urban Egyptian women and conduct a detailed analysis of micronutrients commonly consumed in inadequate amounts, such as iron, vitamin D, and folate. METHODS: Urban Egyptian women aged 19-30 y (n = 130) were recruited during 2016-2017. Energy needs were estimated using the Henry equation, assuming a low physical activity level (1.4). Dietary intakes and iron bioavailability were estimated from a 4-d food diary. Macronutrient intakes were compared with WHO/FAO population goals and micronutrient intakes with Egyptian recommendations. Iron needs were determined for each subject. RESULTS: The mean BMI (kg/m2) was 27.9 ± 4.9. The mean total energy intake (TEI; 2389 ± 715 kcal/d) was significantly higher than needs (2135 ± 237 kcal/d; P = 0.00018). Total fat (33%TEI) and SFA (11%TEI) intakes were slightly higher than population goals (15-30%TEI and <10%TEI, respectively). Diets provided 18 ± 8 g/d of fiber, 98 ± 54 g/d of total sugars, and nearly twice the recommended sodium intake (intake: 2787 ± 1065 mg/d; recommendation: <1500 mg/d). Estimated dietary iron bioavailability was low (9.2% ± 1.6%), and 79% of women consumed less iron than the average requirement (17.5 ± 7 mg/d). Overall, 82% and 80% of women consumed less vitamin D and folate, respectively, than recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Egyptian women aged 19-30 y have high intakes of energy and sodium, whereas iron, vitamin D, and folate intakes are insufficient, with only low concentrations of bioavailable iron. These results call for further investigation into measures that would improve this population's diet quality.Publication from previous employment rol

Perinatal exposure of rats to a maternal diet with varying protein quantity and quality affects the risk of overweight in female adult offspring

The maternal protein diet during the perinatal period can program the health of adult offspring. This study in rats evaluated the effects of protein quantity and quality in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation on weight and adiposity in female offspring. Six groups of dams were fed a high-protein (HP; 47% protein) or normal-protein (NP; 19% protein) isocaloric diet during gestation (G) using either cow's milk (M), pea (P) or turkey (T) proteins. During lactation, all dams received the NP diet (protein source unchanged). From postnatal day (PND) 28 until PND70, female pups (n=8) from the dam milk groups were exposed to either an NP milk diet (NPMW) or to dietary self-selection (DSS). All other pups were only exposed to DSS. The DSS design was a choice between five food cups containing HPM, HPP, HPT, carbohydrates or lipids. The weights and food intakes of the animals were recorded throughout the study, and samples from offspring were collected on PND70. During the lactation and postweaning periods, body weight was lower in the pea and turkey groups (NPG and HPG) versus the milk group (P<.0001). DSS groups increased their total energy and fat intakes compared to the NPMW group (P<.0001). In all HPG groups, total adipose tissue was increased (P=.03) associated with higher fasting plasma leptin (P<.05). These results suggest that the maternal protein source impacted offspring body weight and that protein excess during gestation, irrespective of its source, increased the risk of adiposity development in female adult offspring

La viscérosensibilité chimique intestinale: Mécanismes et implications dans le contrôle de la prise alimentaire chez le rat

INTRODUCTION: Although, the implication of intestinal chemosensitivity in the control of food intake is now widely accepted, its precise mechanisms and its modalities of communication with the central nervous system remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to refine our understanding of nutrient detection within the intestine and to determine the involvement of vagal pathways in the transfer of visceral information from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain. RESULTS: the present study supports the hypothesis proposing that the intestine can be considered also as a sensory organ. It also appeared that the vagus nerve does play a role in transmitting visceral information to the brain. CONCLUSIONS: Vagally mediated intestinal chemosensitivity should be regarded as a sensory system having a strong influence on food intake control. Understanding its implications in energy homeostatic control will undoubtedly lead to develop new therapies to fight the present obesity epidemics.INTRODUCTION : S'il est fortement pressenti que la viscerosensibilité chimique intestinale, c'est-à-dire la détection des macronutriments dans le contenu intestinal est un des paramètres clé de la régulation de la prise alimentaire pendant la digestion, nos connaissances sur ces phénomènes sont encore très fragmentaires. On ignore notamment les mécanismes précis responsables de la détection des nutriments dans l'intestin et les modalités de transmission (nerveuse ou humorale) des signaux ainsi générés vers les centres de régulation du comportement alimentaire. OBJECTIF : L'objet de ces travaux a été de préciser les mécanismes de la détection des nutriments dans l'intestin et de déterminer l'implication du nerf vague dans la transmission des informations de la viscerosensibilité chimique intestinale vers le système nerveux central. RESULTATS : Les résultats obtenus ici confirment le modèle selon lequel l'intestin peut être perçu comme un organe sensoriel capable, pendant la digestion, de détecter la présence de certains macronutriments. Le nerf vague participe activement à la transmission de l'information générée au niveau de l'intestin vers le système nerveux central. CONCLUSIONS : Le système viscérosensoriel chimique intestinal est une composante sensorielle à part entière qui exerce un puissant rôle dans le contrôle de la prise alimentaire. Les avancées dans la compréhension de ces mécanismes et de leur rôle dans l'homéostasie énergétique ouvriront sans nul doute de nouvelles voies dans le développement de thérapies contre l'obésité

Laviscérosensibilité chimique intestinale (mécanismes et implications dans le contrôle de la prise alimentaire chez le rat)

PARIS-AgroParisTech Centre Paris (751052302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Expérience en ligne sur les modalités de prises de décision alimentaires

Afin d’entamer une transition alimentaire vers un modèle plus durable, que ce soit au niveau de notre santé ou de l’environnement, il est nécessaire de comprendre les facteurs influençant nos comportements alimentaires. Le contexte de consommation est notamment un facteur important dans nos prises de décision alimentaires. Alors qu’en France, 8 repas sur 10 se font en groupe, il semble intéressant de se pencher sur l’influence qu’exercent les autres sur nos propres choix alimentaires. Cette expérience a pour objectif de déterminer comment se font les choix alimentaires d'une personne lorsqu'elle mange à table entourée d'autres personnes. La situation est la suivante : 10 convives ont fait un choix entre 2 plats (un végétarien et un carné). Une 11ème personne n'a pas encore choisi son plat. Lors d'une expérience précédente, des participants ont prédit le choix de la 11ème personne, en fonction des choix réalisés par les 10 convives. Ici, on demande au participant quelle est, selon lui, la réponse majoritaire donnée par les participants avant lui. Il doit ainsi réfléchir à comment les participants avant lui ont eux-mêmes réfléchi pour faire leur prédiction

Caractérisation des phénomènes de convergence des choix alimentaires en contexte collectif au moyen de graphes étiquetés : exemple des choix de plats en restauration collective universitaire

International audienc

Providing a Smart Healthy Diet for the Low-Income Population: Qualitative Study on the Usage and Perception of a Designed Cooking App.

Health behaviors among low-income groups have become a major issue in the context of increasing social inequalities. The low-income population is less likely to be receptive to nutritional recommendations, but providing cooking advice could be more effective. In this domain, taking advantage of digital devices can be a bonus with its own challenges. The aim of this study was to develop and deploy NutCracker, a social network-based cooking app for low-income population, including cooking tips and nutritional advices, aiming at creating small online communities. We further determined the usefulness, perceptions, barriers, and motivators to use NutCracker. The smartphone app, designed jointly with beneficiaries of the social emergency services, was implemented in a disadvantaged neighborhood of Magny, (Paris region, France). Once the app became available, 28 subjects, living in the neighborhood, tested the app for a 6-month period. Logs to the app and usages were collected by the software. In total, 12 in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted among the users and the social workers to analyze their uses and perceptions of the app relative to their interest in cooking, cooking skills, socioeconomic constraints, and social integration. These interviews were compared with 21 supplementary interviews conducted among low-income individuals in the general population. NutCracker was developed as a social network-based app, and it includes cooking tips, nutritional advice, and Web-based quizzes. We identified barriers to uses (especially technical barriers, lack of knowledge in the field of new technologies and written comprehension, and search for real contacts) and motivators (in particular, good social integration, previous use of social networks, and help of children as intermediaries). Cooking skills were both a barrier and a lever. Targeting the low-income groups through a cooking app to promote healthier behaviors offers many advantages but has not been fully explored. However, the barriers in low-income milieu remain high, especially among the less socially integrated strata. Lessons from this intervention allow us to identify barriers and possible levers to improve nutrition promotion and awareness in deprived areas, especially in the time of social crisis