Irreversible transformation of ferromagnetic ordered stripe domains in single-shot IR pump - resonant X-ray scattering probe experiments

The evolution of a magnetic domain structure upon excitation by an intense, femtosecond Infra-Red (IR) laser pulse has been investigated using single-shot based time-resolved resonant X-ray scattering at the X-ray Free Electron laser LCLS. A well-ordered stripe domain pattern as present in a thin CoPd alloy film has been used as prototype magnetic domain structure for this study. The fluence of the IR laser pump pulse was sufficient to lead to an almost complete quenching of the magnetization within the ultrafast demagnetization process taking place within the first few hundreds of femtoseconds following the IR laser pump pulse excitation. On longer time scales this excitation gave rise to subsequent irreversible transformations of the magnetic domain structure. Under our specific experimental conditions, it took about 2 nanoseconds before the magnetization started to recover. After about 5 nanoseconds the previously ordered stripe domain structure had evolved into a disordered labyrinth domain structure. Surprisingly, we observe after about 7 nanoseconds the occurrence of a partially ordered stripe domain structure reoriented into a novel direction. It is this domain structure in which the sample's magnetization stabilizes as revealed by scattering patterns recorded long after the initial pump-probe cycle. Using micro-magnetic simulations we can explain this observation based on changes of the magnetic anisotropy going along with heat dissipation in the film.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure

Matériaux magnétiques pour l'étude de la dynamique de l'aimantation

Mon travail de thèse concerne l'étude des propriétés magnétiques des alliages de cobalt et de gadolinium (CoGd) ainsi que l'étude de la transition de réorientation de spin (SRT) dans les films ultra minces de cobalt. Les alliages entre terres rares et métaux de transition CoGd possèdent des propriétés magnétiques uniques. Bien étudiés à l'état massif, ils ont connu récemment un regain d'intérêt, en particulier pour l'étude de la dynamique ultrarapide de l'aimantation ainsi que pour tester les mécanismes du transfert de spin. La diversité des propriétés magnétiques observées dans des films minces de ces alliages est liée à une connaissance incomplète de la structure de ces échantillons. J'ai développée au cours de ma thèse une chambre de dépôt en ultra vide pour produire des couches minces d'alliage par coévaporation. J'ai montré comment, en utilisant plusieurs techniques complémentaires qui vont de l'effet Kerr magnéto-optique au dichroïsme magnétique en absorption et de l'EXAFS à la spectroscopie des photoélectrons, j'ai pu corréler les propriétés structurales et magnétiques des films. Une étude des propriétés magnétiques en fonction de la température d'un échantillon présentant une inhomogénéité latérale de composition illustre les potentiels ouverts par ces films dont le comportement est reproduit par un calcul de champ moyen. Les films ultra minces Pt/Co(5Å)/Pt présentent une anisotropie perpendiculaire au plan de la couche. En augmentant la température, l'anisotropie diminue jusqu'à une valeur critique pour laquelle elle ne permet plus de contrebalancer les effets dipolaires tendant à ramener l'aimantation dans le plan de la couche. Ce passage d'une aimantation hors du plan à une aimantation dans le plan s'appelle la transition de réorientation de spin (SRT). Dans les couches ultra minces Pt/Co (5Å)/Pt il est possible de contrôler les propriétés magnétiques grâce à un processus d'irradiation par des ions He et ainsi d'obtenir un échantillon présentant une SRT au voisinage de la température ambiante, permettant une observation plus aisée. Dans cette partie j'ai exposé les résultats expérimentaux, obtenus essentiellement par microscopie et magnétométrie Kerr, permettant d'identifier le mécanisme impliqué dans la SRT et de mettre en avant le rôle des fluctuations thermiques. L'étude se conclue par une comparaison des résultats expérimentaux aux modèles théoriques disponibles

Hot-electron transport and ultrafast magnetization dynamics in magnetic multilayers and nanostructures following femtosecond laser pulse excitation

Understanding and controlling the magnetization dynamics on the femtosecond timescale is becoming indispensable both at the fundamental level and to develop future technological applications. While direct laser excitation of a ferromagnetic layer was commonly used during the past twenty years, laser induced hot-electrons femtosecond pulses and subsequent transport in magnetic multilayers has attracted a lot of attention. Indeed, replacing photons by hot-electrons offers complementary information to improve our understanding of ultrafast magnetization dynamics and to provide new possibilities for manipulating the magnetization in a thin layer on the femtosecond timescale. In this review, we report on experiments of hot-electrons induced ultrafast magnetic phenomena. We discuss the role of hot-electrons transport in the ultrafast loss of magnetization in magnetic single and multilayers and how it is exploited to trigger magnetization dynamics in magnetic multilayers

Matériaux pour l'étude de la dynamique de l'aimantation

ORSAY-PARIS 11-BU Sciences (914712101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Structural dynamics during laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization

The mechanism underlying femtosecond laser-pulse-induced ultrafast magnetization dynamics remains elusive, despite two decades of intense research on this phenomenon. Most experiments focused so far on characterizing magnetization and charge carrier dynamics, while the first direct measurements of structural dynamics during ultrafast demagnetization were reported only very recently. We here present our investigation of the infrared laser-pulse-induced ultrafast demagnetization process in a thin Ni film, which characterizes simultaneously magnetization and structural dynamics. This is achieved by employing femtosecond time-resolved x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity (tr-XRMR) as the probe technique. The experimental results reveal unambiguously that the subpicosecond magnetization quenching is accompanied by strong changes in nonmagnetic x-ray reflectivity. These changes vary with reflection angle, and changes up to 30% have been observed. By modeling the x-ray reflectivity of the investigated thin film, we can reproduce these changes by a variation of the apparent Ni layer thickness of up to 1%. Extending these simulations to larger incidence angles, we show that tr-XRMR can be employed to discriminate experimentally between currently discussed models describing the ultrafast demagnetization phenomenon.Funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. 312284 (CALIPSO Project) is gratefully acknowledged, as well as financial support received from the following agencies: (i) The French “Agence National de la Recherche” (ANR) via the projects UMAMI, ANR-11-LABX-0058_NIE and the EQUIPEX UNION (ANR-10-EQPX-52), and (ii) the CNRS-PICS program

Dynamique ultrarapide de spins 3d et 4f dans des alliages CoDy ferrimagnétique en fonction de la température

International audienceWe report an element-and time-resolved investigation of femtosecond laser induced ultrafast dynamics of the Co 3d and Dy 4f spins in a ferrimagnetic Co80Dy20 alloy as a function of the temperature. We observe that the Co characteristic demagnetization time (τCo) remains nearly constant (~0.2 ps) on increasing the temperature. Conversely, the Dy characteristic demagnetization time (τDy) decreases from ~1 ps to ~0.4 ps with the rise of temperature. Comparing our experimental data with literature shows that τCo and τDy are independent of the alloy composition or the demagnetization amplitude and that τDy scales with the relative temperature T* = TCurie-T

Ultrafast angular momentum transfer in multisublattice ferrimagnets

Femtosecond laser pulses can be used to induce ultrafast changes of the magnetization in magnetic materials. However, one of the unsolved questions is that of conservation of the total angular momentum during the ultrafast demagnetization. Here we report the ultrafast transfer of angular momentum during the first hundred femtoseconds in ferrimagnetic Co0.8Gd0.2 and Co0.74Tb0.26 films. Using time-resolved X-ray magnetic circular dichroism allowed for time- resolved determination of spin and orbital momenta for each element. We report an ultrafast quenching of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and show that at early times the demagnetization in ferrimagnetic alloys is driven by the local transfer of angular momenta between the two exchange- coupled sublattices while the total angular momentum stays constant. In Co0.74Tb0.26 we have observed a transfer of the total angular momentum to an external bath, which is delayed by similar to 150 fs