Are Both Brand Awareness and Trust Play Significant Roles in Affecting Students’ Loyalty Toward Packaged Snacks Product?

This study was conducted in order to determine whether brand awareness and trust have significant impact on university students’ loyalty toward packaged snacks that were usually sold in both supermarkets or convenience stores all across the region. This study implements survey method, in which, 250 active students from one of the private university in Jakarta participated as the respondents of this study. Students who were selected as the respondents in this study are those who’ve bought a packaged snacks product of any kinds (either biscuits, potato chips, corn chips, tortilla chips, and the other kinds of packaged snacks) at least 10 times for the past 6 months. Questionnaires then were used in order to collect the data from the respondents, and were electronically distributed to the respondents. After collecting all of the data, a total of 19 data need be deleted or omitted due to incomplete responses filled by the respondents. Therefore, a total of 231 usable data were further analyzed using PLS-SEM method in order to gain all of the results needed for concluding this study. Based on the results of the data analysis, authors concluded that both brand awareness and trust have significant impact on students’ loyalty toward packaged foods sold in many convenience store and supermarkets all across Jakarta, with Brand Awareness turns out to be the stronger predictor as compared to Trust. The results of this study then show the importance of improving or increasing people’s awareness toward the brand of the packaged snacks in order to bind people to be loyal to the brand. Furthermore, consumers’ trust toward the brand (and the all of the information attached to the label of the packaged snacks) also revealed to has a positive and significant role in enhancing people’s loyalty behavior toward the brand and the packaged snacks that were usually bought by the consumers

Bagaimana Peranan Kualitas Jasa terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan pada Sektor Penerbangan di Indonesia?

This study was conducted in order to determine whether or not service quality plays a significant role in affecting customer loyalty toward an airline in the Indonesian aviation industry. This study implements quantitative-survey method, in which questionnaires were utilized as the instruments used to collect all of the data required for the completion of this study. A total of 250 respondents participated in this study, in which, Respondents should be Indonesians who’ve boarded an Indonesian full-service carrier at least twice (for return trips) between August 2019 to July 2020. All of the questionnaires were electronically distributed to the respondents, and since all of the questionnaires were filled properly, then it could be concluded that the response rate of this study is 100%. After further analyses and assessments, authors would like to conclude that all of the data had been properly and completely filled by all of the respondents, thus enabling all of the data to be further analyzed in this study, in which, the results of the data analyses will be used as the basis on whether or not to reject or support the hypotheses posited in this study. All of the data were analyzed using PLS-SEM method. After analyzing all of the data, authors would like to conclude that service quality plays a significant role in affecting customer or passengers’ loyalty toward an Indonesian full-service carrier. Furthermore, out of 5 (five) factors which form or act as the dimensions of service quality, responsiveness turns out to be the dimension which had the strongest effect in explaining variable service quality in this study

Radial Trends in IMF-Sensitive Absorption Features in Two Early-Type Galaxies: Evidence for Abundance-Driven Gradients

Samples of early-type galaxies show a correlation between stellar velocity dispersion and the stellar initial mass function (IMF) as inferred from gravity-sensitive absorption lines in the galaxies' central regions. To search for spatial variations in the IMF, we have observed two early-type galaxies with Keck/LRIS and measured radial gradients in the strengths of absorption features from 4000-5500 \AA $\,$ and 8000-10,000 \AA. We present spatially resolved measurements of the dwarf-sensitive spectral indices NaI (8190 \AA) and Wing-Ford FeH (9915 \AA), as well as indices for species of H, C$_2$, CN, Mg, Ca, TiO, and Fe. Our measurements show a metallicity gradient in both objects, and Mg/Fe consistent with a shallow gradient in \alpha-enhancement, matching widely observed trends for massive early-type galaxies. The NaI index and the CN$_1$ index at 4160 \AA $\,$ exhibit significantly steeper gradients, with a break at $r \sim 0.1 r_{\rm eff}$ ($r \sim 300$ pc). Inside this radius NaI strength increases sharply toward the galaxy center, consistent with a rapid central rise in [Na/Fe]. In contrast, the ratio of FeH to Fe index strength decreases toward the galaxy center. This behavior cannot be reproduced by a steepening IMF inside $0.1 r_{\rm eff}$ if the IMF is a single power law. While gradients in the mass function above $\sim 0.4 M_\odot$ may occur, exceptional care is required to disentangle these IMF variations from the extreme variations in individual element abundances near the galaxies' centers.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Updates from v1 include an expanded comparison of measured index strengths to SPS models. 20 page body + 7 page appendix + references. Includes 25 figure

Gun Control and Public Opinion

With over 49,000 violent incidents involving firearms occurring in 2015, legislation regarding the availability of guns is an extremely critical issue. Using the American National Election Study’s 2012 Time Series Study, this research considers the results of this survey, specifically whether certain demographics of respondents are more likely to believe the federal government should make laws on gun purchases more stringent. The independent variables of party identification, gender, and age are tested in relation to respondents’ opinions on gun control laws. Bivariate analysis finds that demographics of Americans identifying as Democrats, female, and sixty years or older are the most likely to support making laws for purchasing guns more difficult

Reframing School Dropout as a Public Health Issue

Good education predicts good health, and disparities in health and in educational achievement are closely linked. Despite these connections, public health professionals rarely make reducing the number of students who drop out of school a priority, although nearly one-third of all students in the United States and half of black, Latino, and American Indian students do not graduate from high school on time. In this article, we summarize knowledge on the health benefits of high school graduation and discuss the pathways by which graduating from high school contributes to good health. We examine strategies for reducing school dropout rates with a focus on interventions that improve school completion rates by improving students' health. Finally, we recommend actions health professionals can take to reframe the school dropout rate as a public health issue and to improve school completion rates in the United States

Effects of the Selective PDE4B Inhibitor TDP-003 on Ethanol Consumption

poster abstractAlcoholism is a disease that affects about 18 million Americans. Inhibition of drinking behavior can help develop better therapeutic and medical treatments to these people. Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is an enzyme that helps breakdown cAMP, which in turn decrease alcohol consumption. cHAP mice are known to have a unique strong preference to ethanol. However, it is not yet known whether or not this relatively new strain of mice are affected by known agonists and antagonist neurotransmitters that reduce ethanol consumption in cousin strains. cHAP mice were used in this particular study due to their unique genetic make-up of having an above average preference to ethanol. The mice were trained for ethanol preference for two weeks. Once the cHAPs obtained stable ethanol consumption, the drug TDP-003, which contains the PDE4B subtype inhibitor, was administered in the morning with interval ethanol and water consumption readings every two hours from the time of injection. TDP-003 was given in three separate doses; 0.03ml, 0.1ml, and a 0.3ml mg/k along with a vehicle dose, which served as a control. Once data was collected and analyzed, it was found that there was not a significant effect in the amount of ethanol the cHAPs were consuming with the drug. In order to ensure that this result was not due to an experimental methods design error, the cHAPs were ran for another week on stable ethanol consumption and then injected with rolipram to see if a positive effect occurred. Rolipram is also a PDE4 inhibitor; predominantly affecting the PDE4B subtype. cHAPS were given three separate doses of rolipram, a 0.1ml, 0.25ml, and a 0.5ml mg/k dose, along with a vehicle dose. Once again, there were no significant differences in the amount of ethanol consumption that was consumed; thus implying that TDP-003 did not work

The need for gastroscopy in early cirrhotics : a retrospective analytical study

The aim of this study was to predict which Child-A cirrhotic patients would not have oesophageal varices at endoscopy. This is a retrospective study that reviewed 59 Child-A cirrhotic patients under the care of a gastroenterology firm. All gastroscopy reports (97 episodes in total) undergone by these patients were analysed. Patients were classified into 3 groups namely absent varices (AV) group: no oesophageal varices seen at endoscopy, small varices (SV) group: small oesophageal varices seen, banded varices (BV) group: moderate/large oesophageal varices requiring banding. In this study the varices were graded as per UK guidelines that is small varices being ones which collapse to inflation of the oesophagus with air, moderate varices do not collapse and large varices occlude the lumen.1 Patient demographics, a platelet count and spleen size on imaging at the time of endoscopy were also noted. Statistical differences between the 3 groups were then analysed using ANOVA. Our results showed that most of the patients were middle aged males. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in platelet count and spleen size between the three groups (p values: 0.008 and 0.035 respectively). A noteworthy finding was that none of the patients who required banding had a normal spleen size (spleen < 12 cm). Having said this, due to considerable overlap between the three groups, further recommendations could not be proposed.peer-reviewe