Artificial Immune System Implementation for Predicting WM Presence from MYD88 and CXCR4

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare malignancy that affects human blood cells and spreads slowly. The development of WM occurs whenever the blood cells undergo genetic changes. Better therapies can be offered by the healthcare sector to get rid of the symptoms that cannot be cured. Everyone in the healthcare sector is aware that genetic abnormalities cause WM, but they are unsure of what causes the alterations. The risk factors that increase the number of WM's aberrant cells have been found. The greatest risk variables have a fatal impact on humans. The healthcare sector is working to save lives by offering better care. Only when WM is discovered earlier when it is treatable with better care and potent medications, is it very likely. For analysing the healthcare data associated with WM, a number of prior research studies have suggested both standard and unique software models and techniques. However, the accuracy is subpar and inefficient in terms of both time and money. To analyse the genomic dataset and detect Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia or its symptoms, this research explored this issue and suggested an Artificial Immune System (AIS) approach. Software written in Python is used to conduct the experiment and validate the findings. by contrasting the trial outcomes with other performance assessment techniques. The analysis reveals that the suggested AIS algorithm works better than the others

Data-driven machine learning approach for predicting yield strength of additively manufactured multi-principal element alloys

Additive manufacturing (AM) of multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) has gained significant attention in recent years. However, the intricate nature of phenomena such as rapid solidification, heat gradients, and residual stresses presents challenges in controlling the properties of printed components. To overcome these challenges, this study utilized machine learning (ML) approach to investigate the correlations between composition, processing parameters, testing conditions, and yield strength of single-phase MPEAs within the CoCrFeMnNi system, produced via laser-melt deposition and laser powder-bed fusion. Multiple algorithms, including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Extreme Gradient Boosting, were trained, and tested. SHapley Additive exPlanations algorithm was employed to analyze the contributions of input features. All models exhibited reasonable accuracy, with Random Forest performing the best. The impact of data sparsity was examined, and minimal sensitivity to data splitting was observed. Notably, the research yielded valuable insights into the key features influencing the yield strength of MPEAs, showcasing the potential of ML in accurately modeling the material properties of additively manufactured components

Resistant Starch Type 4-enriched Diet Lowered Blood Cholesterols and Improved Body Composition in a Double Blind Controlled Cross-over Intervention

A metabolic health crisis is evident as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4), a prebiotic fiber, in comprehensive management of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unknown. This study examined the effects of a blinded exchange of RS4-enriched flour (30% v/v) with regular/control flour (CF) diet on multiple MetS comorbidities. In a double blind (participants-investigators), placebo-controlled, cluster cross-over intervention (n = 86, age≥18, 2-12 week interventions, 2-week washout) in the United States, individuals were classified as having MetS (With-MetS) or not (No-MetS) following International Diabetes Federation (IDF)-criteria. RS4 consumption compared with CF resulted in 7.2% (p = 0.002) lower mean total cholesterol, 5.5% (p = 0.04) lower non-HDL, and a 12.8% (p \u3c 0.001) lower HDL cholesterol in the With-MetS group. No-MetS individuals had a 2.6% (p = 0.02) smaller waist circumference and 1.5% (p = 0.03) lower percent body fat following RS4 intervention compared to CF. A small but significant 1% increase in fat-free mass was observed in all participants combined (p = 0.02). No significant effect of RS4 was observed for glycemic variables and blood pressures. RS4 consumption improved dyslipidemia and body composition. Incorporation of RS4 in routine diets could offer an effective strategy for public cardio-metabolic health promotion

Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch Type 4 on Human Gut Microbiota and Immunometabolic Functions

Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota impacts human health. Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. These findings have potential implications for dietary guidelines in metabolic health management

Iron Behaving Badly: Inappropriate Iron Chelation as a Major Contributor to the Aetiology of Vascular and Other Progressive Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular "reactive oxygen species" (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation). The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible. This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, etc...Comment: 159 pages, including 9 Figs and 2184 reference

Development of transition metal silicides as thinfilm materials for thermoelectric applications

The research focus on thermoelectric materials that are compatible with Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology is motivated with Si and SiGe materials due to their considerable figure-of-merit ZT. However these materials have challenges such as metallization of contacts and oxidation at high temperatures. In general, various aspects have to be considered for metallization of TE materials such as thermal mismatch, low contact resistance, adhesion. Thus there is a demand for new materials that exhibit good thermoelectric properties and perhaps be integrated with existing CMOS technology. Silicides have few benefits such as low resistivity, chemical- and mechanical stability at higher temperatures and capability to withstand harsh conditions without passivation layer. Most importantly these materials circumvent the need for electrical contacts in TE applications. The present work is focused on development of transition metal silicides (CoSi, CoSi2, TiSi2 and TaSi2) for thermoelectric applications. Cobalt (Co), Titanium (Ti) and Tantalum (Ta) metal films are deposited on blank silicon (Si) wafer to study growth behavior. It is observed that introducing capping layers impedes the silicide growth and annealing ambient (Ar or N2) has significant influence in terms of silicidation temperature, mechanical stability, stress and microstructure at higher temperatures. Annealing in N2 gas forms a thin nitride layer upon the refractory metal silicides at higher temperatures, whereas ToF-SIMS analysis for Co-Si system shows no such layer. Co- and Ti silicides have smooth interface to a-Si substrates, on the other hand a sand dunes like morphology is observed with TaSi2 due to high residual stress. The semi-metallic cobalt monosilicide shows comparatively higher absolute power factor (S2σ) than rest of the investigated silicides. A remarkable behavior is observed with CoSi which makes the material suitable for either n- or p - type material depending upon the dopants. Doping with boron impedes the silicide growth in Co-Si whereas phosphorous atoms distribute uniformly in all silicides

A GAG trinucleotide-repeat polymorphism in the gene for glutathione biosynthetic enzyme, GCLC, affects gene expression through translation

A guanine-adenine-guanine (GAG) repeat polymorphism with 5 different alleles (4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 repeats) in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of GCLC has been associated with altered GCL activity and glutathione (GSH) levels. We investigated whether this polymorphism affects either transcription or translation using luciferase reporter constructs containing variant GCLC 5′ UTRs. Higher luciferase activity was observed in HepG2 and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells transfected with constructs containing either 8 or 9 repeats than in constructs containing 4, 7, or 10 repeats ( P <0.05). In cell-free lysates, GAG repeat number had no effect on luciferase mRNA yield. In vitro translation of mRNAs from luciferase constructs resulted in differences similar to those found in cell cultures ( P <0.05). A similar association of GAG repeat with GCLC phenotype was observed in vivo in healthy adults, as individuals with GAG-7/7 genotype had lower GCL activity and GSH levels in lymphocytes compared to those with GAG-9/9 ( P <0.05). Higher GCL activity and GSH levels observed in red blood cells (RBCs) from individuals with GAG-7/7 compared to GAG-9/9 are likely due to differences in GCL regulation in RBCs. Altogether, these results suggest that GAG polymorphism affects GCLC expression via translation, and thus may be associated with altered risk for GSH-related diseases and toxicities.—Nichenametla, S. N., Lazarus, P., Richie, J. P., Jr. A GAG trinucleotide-repeat polymorphism in the gene for glutathione biosynthetic enzyme, GCLC, affects gene expression through translation

Low-temperature chemical vapor deposition of cobalt oxide thin films from a dicobaltatetrahedrane precursor

Cobalt oxides are a promising anode material for lightweight rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Thus, the low temperature deposition of cobalt oxide is a key-technology for the production of flexible energy storage systems enabling novel application opportunities such as wearables. To satisfy the emerging process requirements the dicobaltatetrahedrane precursor [Co2(CO)6(η2-H–C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C–nC5H11)] was investigated for the low-temperature chemical vapor deposition of cobalt oxides. Oxygen, water vapor and a combination of both were examined as possible co-reactants. In particular, wet oxygen proves to be an appropriate oxidizing agent providing dense and high purity cobalt oxide films within the examined temperature range from 130 °C to 250 °C. Film growth occurred at temperatures as low as 100 °C making this process suitable for the coating of temperature-sensitive and flexible substrates