Utilizing volatile organic compounds for early detection of Fusarium circinatum

Acknowledgements This study was financially supported by The Swedish Research Council Formas, Grant #2018-00966, Crafoordska stiftelsen Grant #20200631, Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning Grant 18:67, The Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Stiftelsen fonden för skogsvetenskaplig forskning, Erasmus+ Staff mobility grant, Anna-Britta & Vadim Söderströms resestipendium and NordGen Forest SNS scholarships. J.N.S. was supported by The European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the MSCA agreement No 101068728. Thanks to dr. R.R. Vetukuri for providing F. graminearum, to the staff of Laboratorio de Técnicas Instrumentales, Universidad de Valladolid, for providing access to lab facilities and to J-E. Englund for assistance in making the experimental design. Funding Open access funding provided by Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Phenolic Compounds Recovery from Grape Fruit and By- Products: An Overview of Extraction Methods

Phenolic compounds are considered as bioactive compounds having beneficial effects on human health. Because of their biological properties, they have wide applications on pharmaceutical and food industries, and for this reason, it is important to identify most appropriate procedures, which permits the standardization for recovery of these compounds from several plant materials including grapes. Grape fruit and by-products are excellent sources of bioactive compounds such as pigments, organic acids, and phenolic compounds. Several convectional and emerging technologies have been evaluated in order to recover phenolic compounds from grape fruits and wastes such as chemical, physical, and biotechnological techniques, which offer different advantages related to economic, environmental, time-saving, and yield aspects. Nowadays, there is no updated information, which provides an overview about the techniques applied of these bioactive compound recovery in order to obtain high-quality and high-activity extracts rich in phenolic compounds from grape fruit and by-products. This chapter offers relevant aspects related to the techniques employed during the last five years by researches for phenolic compound recovery from grapes

Factores asociados al embarazo no deseado: Estudio analítico.

Objective: To determine the factors associated with unwanted pregnancy in the adolescent population. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. People with ages between 18 to 35 years old. Results: The average age was 21.61 years. Most of the respondents were female (61%). It was determined that people with a partner (OR 3.05), did not use planning in the first relationship (OR 5.62), did not use any planning method (OR 1.48), low / medium socio-economic stratum (OR 7.84), poor family relationship (OR 2.40) and the use of natural methods for planning (OR 2.64) are risk factors; while obtaining information from a health personnel person (OR0.32) and the origin of the urban area (OR 0.27) are protective factors. Conclusions: We can thus conclude that the prevalence of unwanted pregnancies is variable in the different populations, this can be associated with a solid education, where the principle of shared responsibility should be encouraged and that the couple must solidly face the consequences of their relationships.Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al embarazo no deseado en población adolescente. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Personas con edades entre los 18 a 35 años de edad. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 21.61 años. La mayoría de los encuestados pertenecían al género femenino (61%). Se determinó que las personas con pareja (OR 3.05), no uso planificación en la primera relación (OR 5.62), no usar algún método de planificación (OR 1.48), estrato socio-económico bajo/medio (OR 7.84), relación familiar mala (OR 2.40) y el uso de métodos naturales para planificar (OR 2.64) son factores de riesgo; mientras que obtener información por una persona del personal de salud (OR0.32) y la procedencia de zona urbana  (OR 0.27) son factores protectores. Conclusiones: Podemos concluir así que la prevalencia de embarazos no deseados es variable en las distintas poblaciones, esto puede estar asociado a una sólida educación, donde se debe estimular el principio de la responsabilidad compartida y de que la pareja debe hacer frente sólidamente a las consecuencias de sus relaciones

Dynamics of conversion of supercurrents into normal currents, and vice versa

The generation and destruction of the supercurrent in a superconductor (S) between two resistive normal (N) current leads connected to a current source is computed from the source equation for the supercurrent density. This equation relates the gradient of the pair potential's phase to electron and hole wavepackets that create and destroy Cooper pairs in the N/S interfaces. Total Andreev reflection and supercurrent transmission of electrons and holes are coupled together by the phase rigidity of the non-bosonic Cooper-pair condensate. The calculations are illustrated by snapshots from a computer film.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted by Phys. Rev.

Higher socioeconomic status is related to healthier levels of fatness and fitness already at 3 to 5 years of age: The PREFIT project: Relation between socioeconomic status, fatness and fitness in preschoolers

This study aimed to analyse the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and fatness and fitness in preschoolers. 2, 638 preschoolers (3–5 years old; 47.2% girls) participated. SES was estimated from the parental educational and occupational levels, and the marital status. Fatness was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Physical fitness components were assessed using the PREFIT battery. Preschoolers whose parents had higher educational levels had lower fatness (P < 0.05). BMI significantly differed across occupational levels of each parent (P < 0.05) and WHtR across paternal levels (P = 0.004). Musculoskeletal fitness was different across any SES factor (P < 0.05), except handgrip across paternal occupational levels (P = 0.05). Preschoolers with high paternal occupation had higher speed/agility (P = 0.005), and those with high or low maternal education had higher VO2max (P = 0.046). Odds of being obese and having low musculoskeletal fitness was lower as SES was higher (P < 0.05). Those with married parents had higher cardiorespiratory fitness than single-parent ones (P = 0.010). School-based interventions should be aware of that children with low SES are at a higher risk of obesity and low fitness already in the first years of life

University quality measurement model based on balanced scorecard

A Higher Education Institution (HEI) has the responsibility to track the processes through indicators that guarantee the measurement of the results in almost real time. This article presents the design of a management and quality model of the processes in a university, through the integration of a Balance Scorecard (BSC) and the implementation of an information system. For which it was required: a review of existing tracing and monitoring systems in the academic sector, definition of the requirements of the proposed technological, a diagnosis of the current measurement system of the HEI analyzed, identify measurement indicators and develop a technological tool. The designed model presents a precise and clear methodological guide that can be replicated in any HEI to monitor its processes

Characterisation of pathogen-specific regions and novel effector candidates in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae

A reference-quality assembly of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc), the causative agent of onion basal rot has been generated along with genomes of additional pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates of onion. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed a single origin of the Foc pathogenic lineage. Genome alignments with other F. oxysporum ff. spp. and non pathogens revealed high levels of syntenic conservation of core chromosomes but little synteny between lineage specific (LS) chromosomes. Four LS contigs in Foc totaling 3.9 Mb were designated as pathogen-specific (PS). A two-fold increase in segmental duplication events was observed between LS regions of the genome compared to within core regions or from LS regions to the core. RNA-seq expression studies identified candidate effectors expressed in planta, consisting of both known effector homologs and novel candidates. FTF1 and a subset of other transcription factors implicated in regulation of effector expression were found to be expressed in planta

Association Among Polyphenol Intake, Uric Acid, and Hyperuricemia: A CrossSectional Analysis in a Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

Dietary polyphenol intake has been associated with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia, but most of this knowledge comes from preclinical studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of the intake of different classes of polyphenols with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia. This cross- sectional analysis involved baseline data of 6332 participants. Food polyphenol con- tent was estimated by a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and from the Phenol-Explorer database. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models with serum uric acid (milligrams per deciliter) as the outcome and polyphenol intake (quintiles) as the main independent variable were fitted. Cox regression models with constant follow-up time (t=1) were performed to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) of hyperuricemia (≥7 mg/dL in men and ≥6 mg/dL in women). An inverse association between the intake of the phenolic acid class (β coefficient, −0.17 mg/dL for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 [95% CI, −0.27 to −0.06]) and hydroxycinnamic acids (β coefficient, −0.19 [95% CI, −0.3 to −0.09]), alkylmethoxyphenols (β coefficient, −0.2 [95% CI, −0.31 to −0.1]), and methoxyphenols (β coefficient, −0.24 [95% CI, −0.34 to −0.13]) subclasses with serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia (PR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71– 0.95]; PR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71– 0.95]; PR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.70– 0.92]; and PR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69– 0.91]; respectively) was found. The intake of hydroxybenzoic acids was directly and significantly as- sociated with mean serum uric acid levels (β coefficient, 0.14 for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 [95% CI, 0.02– 0.26]) but not with hyperuricemia

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true