The effects of contract farming on small-scale rice production: A case of Thai Binh Province in Vietnam

令和4年度修士論文要

Strategies for Integrated Transport and Urban Development in Asian Developing Countries

In many cities in developing countries, particularly in South East Asia, motorcycles play a critical role in urban transport system. The characteristics of the motorcycle make it well adapted to the urban form of many cities and hence, it is sufficient for meeting socio-economic needs of the citizens. Motorcycles offer flexible and door-to-door transport, which has been considered much more advantageous over other transport modes. During the last decade, the number of motorcycles has been significantly increasing in cities such as Taipei (Taiwan), Jakarta (Indonesia), Bangkok and Chiang Mai (Thailand), Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). Besides, due to increased income, citizens are leaning toward safer and more convenient modes of transport. Private cars are becoming preferable modes to those who can afford it. The use of individual transport modes is contributing to urban sprawl and challenging the development of new public transport system. This results in threats to urban health, safety, quality of life, economic growth, and especially the sustainability of the local and global ecology (Faiz, 1993; Nadis and MacKenzie, 1993). Considering the unsustainable development process of those cities, the concept of integrated transport and urban development – an approach that considers and connects transport system and urban form development – is promoted as a long-term solution. Over the years, there have been many studies related to traffic management and urban planning in developing cities in Asia. The study of Barter (1999) addressed the urban transport and land-use situation of Surabaya (Indonesia) and Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). Khuat (2006) studied traffic management for cities dominated by motorcycles. Both Barter and Khuat generalised characteristics of cities having high degrees of motorcycle use and the associated problems. However, in both studies, as well as in other relevant studies, the interactions of transport system and urban form elements were not adequately addressed. This study aims to understand the basic interactions of transport system and urban form elements in Asian developing cities. Going beyond the scope of past research, this study is not limited to infrastructure development. Instead, it includes the interactions of transport infrastructure development as well as operational traffic management measures (e.g. parking management and road pricing) with urban development. Based on the interactions, problems emerging due to the lack of coordination between transport and urban development are analysed. Then, a framework for integrated transport and urban development is established. To realise the concept of integrated development, strategies are developed. Finally, an example of a local case study illustrates the application of the developed strategies in practice, including impact estimation. This study uses a literature review to identify the interactions between transport system and urban form elements and the problems of uncoordinated transport and urban development in Asian developing cities. Besides, data from a field survey in Ho Chi Minh City are used to illustrate the problems. The case study approach is employed to argue and pre-select candidate measures, which could potentially form strategies for integrated transport and urban development in Asian developing cities. Expert consultation is conducted to prioritise the measures, using multi-criteria assessment. The study expects to contribute to the academic field with a detailed description of the interactions between transport system and urban form elements for the specific case of Asian developing cities. The practical contribution includes an analysis of problems, the establishment of the framework for integrated transport and urban development in Asian developing cities, the development of strategies and the proposal for the application. Those contributions can be useful for researchers and policy makers in Asian developing cities to develop policies for their city towards an integrated transport and urban development

Measurement Profile of Surface Revolution by Laser Scan Micrometer Method

Measurement profile of surface revolution by laser scan micrometer method is a non-contact measurement method that allows de-tailed profile measurements with fast measuring speed by using laser scanning and accuracy is much higher than other non-contact scanning methods. This paper presents the mathematical model profile of surface revolution and the application of the laser scan micrometer method for measuring this detailed profile. Fabricating complete equipment model according to the author's proposed method. Compare the results of measuring the profile of surface revolution on a construction measuring device with a roundness meter Jenoptik F315 to prove the feasibility of the construction measurement method

Building a Model of Organizational Activities Experience in Natural Sciences under Stem Education Orientation

STEM educational-oriented Natural Science experience activities are learner-oriented activities Taking learners as the center in all natural science research activities applying engineering technology and mathematics STEM in solving practical problems Based on theoretical research on experiential activities STEM education and the characteristics of Natural Sciences the article studies the educational forces inside and outside the school From there it is proposed to build a model of organizational structure for experiential activities in Natural Sciences oriented toward STEM education The results of this research are meaningful in helping principals see the importance and significance of coordinating educational forces inside and outside the school in organizing experiential activities in Natural Sciences according to orientation STEM education for student

Forms and Factors Affecting Collective Adaptation to Saline Intrusion: A case of Kien Giang Province, Vietnam

Saline intrusion (SI) is causing serious risks for agriculture and coastal life in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Maintaining agricultural production under that challenging condition places more tremendous pressure on rural societies. This study aimed to get insight into adaptive adaptation's forms and factors influencing farmers' participation process by applying the social and ecological approach. The research was conducted in An Bien district, Kien Giang province, a province in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. A mixed-method integrating quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data using key informant panel interviews, group discussion, and household survey. The results showed that local farmers had changed the farming system from double rice crops to shrimp-rice models to deal with the impacts of SI. Group response has emerged as the appropriate adaption in both formal and informal forms. The adaptive group plays an essential role in connecting community members, and two forms of adaptation have worked closely to adapt to SI. Factors affecting the informal group related to relatives, households living close to each other; For the formal group, the main factor affecting participation is when joining the group, the members receive benefits from the group. Besides, prestige and having a lot of experience in the leader's production activities affect the official group participation. In addition to the positive factors, two negative factors affect group adaptation: unfavorable farm location and distrus

Factors Affecting the Agricultural Restructuration: A Case of Cham Community in Chau Phu District, An Giang Province, Vietnam

The national policy of agricultural restructuring plays a vital role in adapting to climate change's effects and economic development in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Unproductive areas have been converted into other crops with higher efficiency. Drawn by the sustainable livelihoods approach, this article explores the current situation and factors challenging the Cham community in implementing the agricultural restructuring. The mixed method included in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and a questionnaire survey. The results showed that the Xuong Com Vang longan (Dimocarpus longan) variety has occurred in Khanh Hoa commune for a long time as an indigenous fruit tree of this area. In terms of the farming system, the polyculture system combining fruit trees and upland crops brought more income sources than the monoculture system. The asset abilities of the Cham farmers are various from one to the others. Soil and weather conditions are appropriate for planting. But farm size is small, which is one of the difficulties of developing fruit areas. Human and social assets were good since farmers had enough knowledge to manage the gardens, and a close connection existed among the Cham community. It was not a case of the financial status since a lot of money needs to be invested in the starting year. Therefore, the private loan still exists as one of the farmer's choices. For better future development, land management and financial resource should be considered for better agricultural restructuring aims. To increase farmers' incomes, create production chains helping enterprises and farmers work more efficiently for the better life of Cham gardeners in An Giang province in Vietnam

Occurrence, Toxicity and Adsorptive Removal of the Chloramphenicol Antibiotic in Water: A Review

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacterial antibiotic used against conjunctivitis, meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. As a consequence, chloramphenicol ends up polluting the aquatic environment, wastewater treatment plants, and hospital wastewaters, thus disrupting ecosystems and inducing microbial resistance. Here, we review the occurrence, toxicity, and removal of chloramphenicol with emphasis on adsorption techniques. We present the adsorption performance of adsorbents such as biochar, activated carbon, porous carbon, metal-organic framework, composites, zeolites, minerals, molecularly imprinted polymers, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The effect of dose, pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time is discussed. Adsorption is controlled by π-π interactions, donor-acceptor interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. We also discuss isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamic data, selection of eluents, desorption efficiency, and regeneration of adsorbents. Porous carbon-based adsorbents exhibit excellent adsorption capacities of 500-1240 mg

An exploratory study on perspectives of Vietnamese experienced teachers and student teachers toward teachers’ code-switching

There have existed different perspectives on teachers’ use of code-switching (CS) in sec-ond/foreign language (L2) classrooms. While some suggest teachers’ exclusive use of L2 in L2 classrooms, others argue that teachers’ switching to first language (L1) can have val-uable contributions to L2 teaching. Also, little research has examined student teachers’ perspectives on this issue even though student teaching experience plays a significant role in teacher education programmes. This exploratory qualitative study aims to compare the perspectives of student teachers and experienced teachers toward CS use in teaching Eng-lish as a foreign language (EFL) in Vietnam. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with fourteen Vietnamese EFL student teachers and experienced teachers. The findings revealed that all student teachers and experienced teachers had positive attitudes toward CS. In line with previous research, CS was reported to be employed for several different pedagogical functions in L2 classrooms, such as explaining grammar points, clar-ifying difficult concepts, checking students’ comprehension, and dealing with students’ misbehaviours. In addition, apart from the previously reported benefits of CS, such as facilitating students’ comprehension, saving time, motivating students, and accommodating students’ low English proficiency levels, the student teachers in this study also maintained that CS could help them address their anxiety in delivering instructions while the experi-enced teachers believed that CS could help them deal with their lack of confidence about their pronunciation and avoid students’ judgements. Based on the findings, this paper suggests that CS could be considered as an instructional strategy and EFL teacher education programs in Vietnam should consider incorporating training on teachers’ CS use to im-prove their awareness and confidence

Impact of trained human resources, adoption of technology and international standards on the improvement of accounting and auditing activities in the agricultural sector in Viet Nam

Recently, the adoption of accounting and auditing standards in the agricultural sector has been a global phenomenon that has gained increasing trend due to the significant role of the agricultural industry in the country's economy. Thus, the present study examines the impact of trained human resources, technology adoption, and international standards on improving accounting and auditing activities in the agricultural sector in Vietnam. The present research investigates the moderating impact of agricultural, institutional support among the linkage of trained human resources, technology adoption, international standards, and improvement of accounting and auditing activities in the agricultural sector. The present article has adopted the questionnaires to gather the primary data from selected respondents. The current research has applied the smart-PLS to test the study's hypotheses. The results revealed that trained human resources, technology adoption, and international standards positively impact the improvement of accounting and auditing activities in the agricultural sector. The findings also indicated that the agricultural institutional support significantly moderates the linkage of trained human resources, technology adoption, international standards, and improved accounting and auditing activities in the agricultural sector.Nguyen Van Hoa (University of Kinh Bac (UKB)), Nguyen Thi Hanh Duyen (Vinh University), Vu Ngoc Huyen (Viet Nam National University of Agriculture (VNUA)), Hoang Vu Quang (Researcher at Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development (IPSARD)), Nguyen Van Huong (Hung Yen University of Technology and Education (UTEHY)), Nguyen Thi Cam Tu (National Economics University (NEU)), Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (Vietnam National University of Forestry (VNUF))Includes bibliographical references