Review Artikel: Peranan Aplikasi Biochar sebagai Agen Perbaikan Kualitas Tanah untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Pertanian

Pemanfaatan biochar sebagai upaya perbaikan kondisi lahan pertanian di Indonesia dengan beragam bahan pada berbagai kondisi atau jenis tanah yang berbeda-beda telah dilakukan untuk melihat respon tanah yang dihasilkan dari keberagaman bahan biochar tersebut. Kondisi lahan yang semakin kritis dan jenis tanah yang berbeda di Indonesia menyebabkan dilakukan banyak percobaaan untuk melihat jenis atau bahan biochar yang cocok dengan jenis tanah yang berbeda tersebut. Banyak penelitian terdahulu yang menunjukkan adanya hasil atau respon beberapa jenis tanah terhadap bahan biochar yang diberikan. Namun, belum semua jenis tanah di Indonesia telah dilakukan uji coba terhadap penggunaan biochar karena beberapa sifat dan karakteristik tanah yang tidak layak untuk digunakan sebagai lahan pertanian pertanian. Artikel ini berusaha menjabarkan kembali beberapa fakta penelitian terdahulu tentang penggunaan biochar dengan beragam bahan sebagai agen perbaikan kualitas tanah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian

Keefektifan “ProKlim” dalam Pengendalian Longsor Secara Vegetatif di Kampung Iklim Desa Sambak, Kajoran, Magelang

Partisipasi masyarakat Desa Sambak dalam adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim telah diapresiasi dalam bentuk penghargaan ProKlim. Desa Sambak terletak pada zona transisi Gunung Api Sumbing dan Pegunungan Menoreh sehingga rawan terhadap bencana erosi, longsor dan kekeringan. Penelitian ini berfokus untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas kegiatan ProKlim dalam pengendalian longsor secara vegetatif. Identifikasi sebaran longsor dilakukan dengan metode interpretasi visual foto udara dilanjutkan pemeriksaan lapangan yang digunakan untuk membangun peta kerawanan longsor menggunakan metode frekuensi rasio. Identifikasi lokasi pengendalian longsor secara vegetative dilakukan dengan partisipasi masyarakat dan dilanjutkan delineasi foto udara secara visual. Pola spasial distribusi longsor dan mitigasi longsor secara vegetatif ditentukan dengan metode analisis tetangga terdekat. Analisis keefektifan  ProKlim ditekankan pada identifikasi letak pengendalian longsor melalui kegiatan penanaman pada wilayah rawan longsor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan penanaman yang dilakukan belum ditempatkan pada zona rawan longsor sehingga mitigasi longsor kurang efektif. Kesimpulan diperoleh dari  42 kejadian  longsor di wilayah kajian didominasi pada: kelerengan 15-25° dan 8-15°; tutupan lahan pertanian lahan kering, semak, dan tanah terbuka; arah hadap lereng tenggara dan timur; profil kurvatur (+) dan (-); jarak dengan jalan 100-200 m dan 200-300 m; dan jarak dengan sungai < 150 m. Dengan nilai AUC (Area under the ROC Curve), validasi model kerawanan sebesar 0,66. Pada sebaran penanaman dalam konteks pengendalian longsor secara vegetatif terdapat pada tutupan lahan kebun campur dan hutan kering sekunder. Pola spasial longsor dan pengendalian longsor secara vegetatif memiliki pola random

Estimation of Irrigation Water Requirement for Land Preparation of Ricefield in Irrigation Modernization

Irrigation water requirement for irrigation for land preparation is the highest water requirement in rice cultivation therefore it was essential to determine it based on recent condition in order to support the irrigation modernization. This research aimed to determine the irrigation requirement and tillage specific drafts based for various water ponding level in rice field as well as to determine parameters of irrigation requirement for land preparation to support irrigation modernization. Determination of irrigation water requirement is computed based on equation developed by Van de Goor and Zijlstra (1968) with variation of water volume supplied for saturation and ponding level. Variation of water supplied during land preparation resulted in the variation of tillage specific drafts according to empirical formula developed by Kisu (1972). Water level ponding of 0 mm, 5 mm, 30 mm, and 74 mm resulted in water requirements for land preparation (Project Water Requirement/PWR) of 112 mm, 122 mm, 139 mm, and 198 mm, respectively. The mentioned water ponding level resulted in the tillage specific draft of 1.131 kg/cm2, 1.101 kg/cm2, 0.886 kg/cm2, and 0.954 kg/cm2, respectively. The thicker water ponding in the rice field, the more water requirement for land preparation, but the less energy needed for tillage. Recommended irrigation requirement for land preparation was 139 mm with 15-day duration of land preparation

Potensi Ancaman dan Upaya Mitigasi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca di Sektor Pertanian Indonesia : Tinjauan Sistematis atas Literatur

Agriculture in Indonesia is a vital sector that can fulfill food needs and provide livelihoods. However, agriculture also contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Indonesia's agricultural sector contributes around 14% of emissions globally and 7% nationally. Greenhouse gas emissions such as methane gas CH4, carbon dioxide CO2, and nitrous oxide N2O are generated from agricultural activities ranging from land preparation, fertilization, transportation of agricultural products, to processing in factories. These greenhouse gas emissions influence the climate change that occurs and affect the increase in temperature and rainfall patterns. In mitigation efforts, this study noted several steps taken. Energy conversion, such as the use of biogas from animal manure can reduce CH4 emissions and the use of pellets from palm waste processing can reduce CO2 emissions. Reforestation with special carbon-absorbing plants to reduce CO2 emissions. The use of organic fertilizers as a partial replacement for inorganic fertilizers is useful in reducing CH4 and N2O emissions. Through this systematic review, it is expected to contribute to the understanding of the role of the agricultural sector in greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia and provide insight into mitigation efforts that can be applied in achieving sustainable agriculture

KOMPARASI TIGA MODEL INFILTRASI PADA LAHAN PERTANIAN DAN AGROFORESTRI DI DAS MERAWU – BANJARNEGARA

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Merawu di Banjarnegara terancam kelestarian lingkungannya karena erosi dan longsor. Tanah di DAS ini merupakan tanah vulkanik yang tebal dan subur. Ancaman erosi dan longsor muncul karena tanah berada pada lahan miring, intensitas hujan tinggi, dan penutupan lahan yang rendah. Erosi dan longsor sangat berkaitan dengan proses masuknya air ke dalam tanah (infiltrasi). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan tiga model infiltrasi (Horton, Philip, Kostiakov) dalam memprediksi kecepatan proses masuknya air ke dalam tanah pada dua penggunaan lahan yang berbeda di DAS Merawu. Sampel tanah dan pengukuran laju infiltrasi dilakukan pada demplot: i) lahan pertanian dan ii) agrofotesri dengan masing-masing luas 0,1 Ha. Titik pengambilan sampel tanah dan pengukuran infiltrasi ditetapkan berdasarkan metode purposive sampling yang mewakili lereng bagian atas, tengah dan bawah, masing-masing sejumlah 3 titik, sehingga total ada 18 titik sampel. Pengukuran laju infiltrasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Double Ring Infiltrometer. Evaluasi model menggunakan parameter statistik MAE, Bias, dan RMSE. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tanah pada demplot pertanian dan agroforestri adalah jenis Latosol dengan kelas tekstur Sandy Loam, struktur granuler, berat jenis 1,74 – 1,92 g.cm-3, berat volume 0,48 – 0,60 g.cm-3, porositas 69 – 72%, dan kandungan bahan organik 3,6-7,5%. Laju infiltrasi pada lahan pertanian dengan model Horton, Phillip, dan Kostiakov secara berturut-turut, yaitu 340 mm.jam-1, 385 mm.jam-1 dan 390 mm.jam-1. Sedangkan pada agroforestri, dengan urutan yang sama: 254 mm.jam-1, 337 mm.jam-1, dan 435 mm.jam-1. Berdasarkan nilai MAE dan RMSE, model infiltrasi Horton lebih baik dalam memprediksi laju infiltrasi pada lahan pertanian dan agroforestri.Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Merawu di Banjarnegara terancam kelestarian lingkungannya karena erosi dan longsor. Tanah di DAS ini merupakan tanah vulkanik yang tebal dan subur. Ancaman erosi dan longsor muncul karena tanah berada pada lahan miring, intensitas hujan tinggi, dan penutupan lahan yang rendah. Erosi dan longsor sangat berkaitan dengan proses masuknya air ke dalam tanah (infiltrasi). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan tiga model infiltrasi (Horton, Philip, Kostiakov) dalam memprediksi kecepatan proses masuknya air ke dalam tanah pada dua penggunaan lahan yang berbeda di DAS Merawu. Sampel tanah dan pengukuran laju infiltrasi dilakukan pada demplot: i) lahan pertanian dan ii) agrofotesri dengan masing-masing luas 0,1 Ha. Titik pengambilan sampel tanah dan pengukuran infiltrasi ditetapkan berdasarkan metode purposive sampling yang mewakili lereng bagian atas, tengah dan bawah, masing-masing sejumlah 3 titik, sehingga total ada 18 titik sampel. Pengukuran laju infiltrasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Double Ring Infiltrometer. Evaluasi model menggunakan parameter statistik MAE, Bias, dan RMSE. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tanah pada demplot pertanian dan agroforestri adalah jenis Latosol dengan kelas tekstur Sandy Loam, struktur granuler, berat jenis 1,74 – 1,92 g.cm-3, berat volume 0,48 – 0,60 g.cm-3, porositas 69 – 72%, dan kandungan bahan organik 3,6-7,5%. Laju infiltrasi pada lahan pertanian dengan model Horton, Phillip, dan Kostiakov secara berturut-turut, yaitu 340 mm.jam-1, 385 mm.jam-1 dan 390 mm.jam-1. Sedangkan pada agroforestri, dengan urutan yang sama: 254 mm.jam-1, 337 mm.jam-1, dan 435 mm.jam-1. Berdasarkan nilai MAE dan RMSE, model infiltrasi Horton lebih baik dalam memprediksi laju infiltrasi pada lahan pertanian dan agroforestri

Penerapan Biodigester Untuk Pengolahan Air Limbah Industri Tapioka Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berkelanjutan di Rumah Produksi Pangan Selopamioro, Yogyakarta

Cassava is one of the superior commodities in Selopamioro Village, Imogiri District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Cassava’s high productivity in the Selopamioro Village is up to 2,75 tons/ha with total land area of 415 ha. However, this potential condition still faces various challenges in the sectors of farmers, production, quality, low selling prices, limited market accessibility. Processing cassava into modified cassava flour (Mocaf) is implemented innovation at Selopamioro Food Production House (FHP) for increasing cassava added value and its diversification products. The Selopamioro is also jointly managed by the farmer groups. However, mocaf production could produce wastewater which cause odor problems in the community and environmental pollution due to improper treatment. The mocaf wastewater is acidic and contains high organic matter. The community empowerment aimed to solve odor problems in the community, implement biodigester as sustainable wastewater treatment technology, create the Selopamioro FHP as a transferring knowledge center regarding food processing with environmentally sound, implement sustainable community empowerment model. The activity was carried out in July - September 2022 with periodic monitoring. Biodigester implementation has treated the mocaf waste water with removal percentages of BOD, COD, TDS, cyanide, total ammonia were 97,47; 96,53; 1,.94; 93,75; 97,17%, respectively and increased DO up to 614,29%. The community empowerment has successfully solved odor and environmental problems since biodigester implementation, in which no more complaints from the public. Sustainable community empowerment model and local food processing center with environmentally sound also have been implemented in the Selopamioro Village.Singkong merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan di Desa Selopamioro, Kecamatan Imogiri, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Produktivitas singkong di Desa Selopamioro cukup tinggi mencapai 2,75 ton/ha dengan luas total lahan 415 ha. Namun, potensi besar komoditas singkong tersebut masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan dari sektor petani, produksi, kualitas, rendahnya harga jual, hingga terbatasnya akses pemasaran. Pengolahan singkong menjadi tepung singkong termodifikasi (modified cassava flour, mocaf) dan olahan pangannya merupakan inovasi yang telah diterapkan di rumah produksi pangan (RPP) Selopamioro untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah singkong dan diversifikasi produknya. RPP Selopamioro juga dikelola bersama oleh kelompok petani. Namun, proses pembuatan mocaf menghasilkan air limbah sehingga menyebabkan permasalahan bau tidak sedap di masyarakat dan mencemari lingkungan karena belum diolah secara tepat. Air limbah mocaf bersifat asam dan tinggi kandungan bahan organik. Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan bau akibat air limbah mocaf di masyarakat, penerapan biodigester sebagai teknologi pengolahan limbah berkelanjutan, menjadikan RPP Selopamioro sebagai sentra transfer pengetahuan pengolahan pangan berwawasan lingkungan, implementasi model pemberdayaan masyarakat berkelanjutan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada Juli – September 2022 dengan monitoring berkala. Implementasi biodigester mampu mengolah air limbah mocaf dengan persentase penyisihan BOD, COD, TDS, sianida, total amonia masing-masing berkisar 97,47; 96,53; 12,94; 93,75; 97,17%, dan meningkatkan DO hingga 614,29%. Hal ini sekaligus menyelesaikan permasalahan bau tidak sedap karena air limbah mocaf sudah terolah dengan tepat dan tidak ada lagi keluhan dari masyarakat. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan juga telah mampu mengimplementasikan model pemberdayaan masyarakat berkelanjutan dan mewujudkan sentra pengolahan produk pangan lokal berwawasan lingkungan

Effect of Biogas Slurry Fertilizer on Dynamics of Soil Consistency and Tillage Power Requirement

Biogas slurry (BS) is a waste used as an organic fertilizer that could improve soil properties. This study was aimed to explore the dynamic of soil consistency and tillage power requirement due to BS fertilizer. Soil consistency and tillage power requirement were analyzed by the liquid (LL), plastic (PL), and adhesive (AL) limits, plasticity index (PI), workability range (WR), and liquidity index (LI). The study was conducted with incubation time and the BS type factors that include control (K), liquid BS (P1), and solid BS (P2). The incubation time factors comprised 2 (I1), 4 (I2), 6 (I3), 8 (I4), 10 (I5), and 12 weeks incubation (I6). The ANOVA test showed that BS fertilizer significantly affected LL, PL, AL, PI, and LI but did not significantly impact WR. The liquid BS fertilizer decreased LL and PI by 2%, increased LI 0.022, and decreased tillage power requirement by 1 horse power (HP). The solid BS, increased LL and PL 3%, PL 3% and AL 2%, while LI decreased by 0.074. The mathematic modeling with a first-order kinetic model was acceptable to describe soil consistency and tillage power requirement (R2&gt;80% and X2&lt;X2 table). The rate of AL for K, P1, and P2 were -0.022/day, -0.032/day, and -0.049/day, respectively. The minus is symbol of decreasing rate. The rate of WR for K, P1, and P2 were 0.024/day, 0.046/day, and 0.079/day, respectively. The form of BS fertilizer (liquid, solid) has changed the soil consistency which in turn has an impact on tillage power requirement

Assessment of Surface Runoff Potency under Tropical Environment for Soil and Water Conservation Planning

Water is essential for living organisms, including crops. Its presence is a crucial factor for agriculture. Soil and water conservation is an effort to sustainably maintain the availability of water, thereby meeting the water needs of crops in the agricultural sector. This research aims to estimate the potency of surface runoff as a hydrological indicator of watershed critically for soil and water conservation purposes. A hydrological tank model was used to estimate surface runoff. The results showed a potential for surface runoff of approximately 133.82 mm/month, occurring primarily during the peak rainy season from December to April. Soil and water conservation (SWC) technology using water harvesting ponds (WHP) on farmland was proposed to store surface runoff. Data analysis indicates that the use of WHP provides significant benefits from environmental and economic aspects. Based on an average WHP storage capacity of 10 m³, approximately 40% of the total watershed area is required for constructing water harvesting structures to accommodate all surface runoff. Harvesting all surface runoffs increases the base flow during the dry season by 225.14 mm. This study serves as a valuable reference for soil and water conservation planning, particularly in tropical watersheds

Optimizing water-energy-food nexus: achieving economic prosperity and environmental sustainability in agriculture

The increasing global population, rapid urbanization, and climate change are putting unprecedented pressure on limited water and energy resources for food production. It requires integrated management of the key resources to achieve economic and environmental sustainability. The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus, in conjunction with circular bioeconomy (CBE) principles, offer a promising approach to achieve sustainable agriculture. It provides the integration between interconnectedness and interdependencies of the resources through closing bio-resource loops. Using bio-based materials, renewable energy resources, and implementing energy-efficient practices and technologies can maximize synergistic among the resources and promote sustainable agriculture while minimizing negative environmental impacts. However, there are challenges and limitations, such as economic conditions, proper infrastructure and technology, policy and governance support, public awareness, and potential trade-offs and conflicts. Moreover, it also faces various social and cultural challenges in implementing this approach. Therefore, to overcome these challenges and limitations, the need for innovative and sustainable technologies, significant investments in research and development, infrastructure and training, environmental campaign, innovative financing mechanisms and policies that incentivize sustainable practices, and support from stakeholders and the public are essential