Probing the amalgam: the relationship between science teachers’ content, pedagogical and pedagogical content knowledge

This Special Issue aims to present evidence about the relationships between content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK); the development of these types of knowledge in novice and experienced secondary science teachers; and how CK, PK and/or PCK impact students’ learning. Since Shulman’s introduction of PCK as the feature that distinguishes the teacher from the content expert, researchers have attempted to understand, delineate, assess and/or develop the construct in pre- and in-service teachers. Accordingly, empirical findings are presented that permit further discussion. Outcomes permit post-hoc examination of a recent, collectively described, ‘consensus’ model of PCK, identifying strengths and potential issues. As we will illustrate, the relationship between CK, PK and PCK is central to this; that is, probing the hypothesis of pedagogical content knowledge as an ‘amalgam’ of content and pedagogical knowledge

Direct measurement of general quantum states using weak measurement

Recent work [J.S. Lundeen et al. Nature, 474, 188 (2011)] directly measured the wavefunction by weakly measuring a variable followed by a normal (i.e. `strong') measurement of the complementary variable. We generalize this method to mixed states by considering the weak measurement of various products of these observables, thereby providing the density matrix an operational definition in terms of a procedure for its direct measurement. The method only requires measurements in two bases and can be performed `in situ', determining the quantum state without destroying it.Comment: This is a later and very different version of arXiv:1110.0727v3 [quant-ph]. New content: a method to directly measure each element of the density matrix, specific Hamiltonians to weakly measure the product of non-commuting observables, and references to recent related wor

Особливості міжнародної торгівлі ліцензіями

Міжнародна торгівля ліцензіями є основним економічним механізмом міжнародного технологічного обміну і в сучасних умовах набула широкого й швидкого поширення. Міжнародний технологічний обмін і співробітництво є особливо значущими для технологічно орієнтованих підприємств, які зробили ставку на високу конкурентоспроможність продукції, що випускається. У пріоритетних наукомістких галузях виробництва важко знайти відомих у світі виробників конкурентоспроможної продукції, які не використовують чужі чи не пропонують на ринку власні новітні розробки як об’єкти ліцензій

Освітнє законодавство. Основні законодавчі акти

Наведено основні законодавчі акти з регулювання освітніх відносин, зокрема, у сфері вищої, загальної середньої, професійно-технічної, позашкільної освіти тощо. Розраховано на студентів, які здобувають повну вищу освіту за спеціальностями "Правознавство", "Педагогіка вищої школи", науково- педагогічних і педагогічних працівників

Geometric system analysis of ILMD-based LID measurement systems using Monte-Carlo simulation

Imaging Luminance Measuring Device (ILMD) based luminous intensity distribution measurement systems are an established method for measuring the luminous intensity distribution (LID) of light sources in the far field. The advantage of this system is the high-resolution acquisition of a large angular range with one image. For the uncertainty budget, the mathematical description of the system can be divided into photometric and geometric contributions. In the following, we will present a Monte-Carlo approach to analyse the geometric contributions which are the uncertainty of measurement direction and measurement distance. Therefore, we set up a geometric system description based on kinematic transformations that describes the connection between detector and light source position. To consider all relevant input quantities we simulate the adjustment and measurement process. Finally, an analysis of the geometric input parameters is shown

Quantum nondemolition-like, fast measurement scheme for a superconducting qubit

We present a measurement protocol for a flux qubit coupled to a dc-Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID), representative of any two-state system with a controllable coupling to an harmonic oscillator quadrature, which consists of two steps. First, the qubit state is imprinted onto the SQUID via a very short and strong interaction. We show that at the end of this step the qubit dephases completely, although the perturbation of the measured qubit observable during this step is weak. In the second step, information about the qubit is extracted by measuring the SQUID. This step can have arbitrarily long duration, since it no longer induces qubit errors.Comment: published version, minor correction

Relative CC"-Numerical Ranges for Applications in Quantum Control and Quantum Information

Motivated by applications in quantum information and quantum control, a new type of $C$"-numerical range, the relative $C$"-numerical range denoted $W_K(C,A)$, is introduced. It arises upon replacing the unitary group U(N) in the definition of the classical $C$"-numerical range by any of its compact and connected subgroups $K \subset U(N)$. The geometric properties of the relative $C$"-numerical range are analysed in detail. Counterexamples prove its geometry is more intricate than in the classical case: e.g. $W_K(C,A)$ is neither star-shaped nor simply-connected. Yet, a well-known result on the rotational symmetry of the classical $C$"-numerical range extends to $W_K(C,A)$, as shown by a new approach based on Lie theory. Furthermore, we concentrate on the subgroup $SU_{\rm loc}(2^n) := SU(2)\otimes ... \otimes SU(2)$, i.e. the $n$-fold tensor product of SU(2), which is of particular interest in applications. In this case, sufficient conditions are derived for $W_{K}(C,A)$ being a circular disc centered at origin of the complex plane. Finally, the previous results are illustrated in detail for $SU(2) \otimes SU(2)$.Comment: accompanying paper to math-ph/070103

Colletotrichum orbiculare FAM1 Encodes a Novel Woronin Body-Associated Pex22 Peroxin Required for Appressorium-Mediated Plant Infection

ABSTRACT The cucumber anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare forms specialized cells called appressoria for host penetration. We identified a gene, FAM1, encoding a novel peroxin protein that is essential for peroxisome biogenesis and that associates with Woronin bodies (WBs), dense-core vesicles found only in filamentous ascomycete fungi which function to maintain cellular integrity. The fam1 disrupted mutants were unable to grow on medium containing oleic acids as the sole carbon source and were nonpathogenic, being defective in both appressorium melanization and host penetration. Fluorescent proteins carrying peroxisomal targeting signals (PTSs) were not imported into the peroxisomes of fam1 mutants, suggesting that FAM1 is a novel peroxisomal biogenesis gene (peroxin). FAM1 did not show significant homology to any Saccharomyces cerevisiae peroxins but resembled conserved filamentous ascomycete-specific Pex22-like proteins which contain a predicted Pex4-binding site and are potentially involved in recycling PTS receptors from peroxisomes to the cytosol. C. orbiculare FAM1 complemented the peroxisomal matrix protein import defect of the S. cerevisiae pex22 mutant. Confocal microscopy of Fam1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion proteins and immunoelectron microscopy with anti-Fam1 antibodies showed that Fam1 localized to nascent WBs budding from peroxisomes and mature WBs. Association of Fam1 with WBs was confirmed by colocalization with WB matrix protein CoHex1 (C. orbiculare Hex1) and WB membrane protein CoWsc (C. orbiculare Wsc) and by subcellular fractionation and Western blotting with antibodies to Fam1 and CoHex1. In WB-deficient cohex1 mutants, Fam1 was redirected to the peroxisome membrane. Our results show that Fam1 is a WB-associated peroxin required for pathogenesis and raise the possibility that localized receptor recycling occurs in WBs. IMPORTANCE Colletotrichum orbiculare is a fungus causing damaging disease on Cucurbitaceae plants. In this paper, we characterize a novel peroxisome biogenesis gene from this pathogen called FAM1. Although no genes with significant homology are present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, FAM1 contains a predicted Pex4-binding site typical of Pex22 proteins, which function in the recycling of PTS receptors from peroxisomes to the cytosol. We show that FAM1 complements the defect in peroxisomal matrix protein import of S. cerevisiae pex22 mutants and that fam1 mutants are completely defective in peroxisome function, fatty acid metabolism, and pathogenicity. Remarkably, we found that this novel peroxin is specifically localized on the bounding membrane of Woronin bodies, which are small peroxisome-derived organelles unique to filamentous ascomycete fungi that function in septal pore plugging. Our finding suggests that these fungi have coopted the Woronin body for localized receptor recycling during matrix protein import

Final design for the bERLinPro main LINAC cavity

The Berlin Energy Recovery Linac Project bERLinPro is designed to develop and demonstrateCWLINAC technology for 100 mA class ERLs. High current operation requires an effective damping of higher order modes HOMs of the 1.3 GHz main linac cavities. We have studied elliptical 7 cell cavities based on a modified Cornell ERL design combined with JLab s waveguide HOM damping approach. This paper will summarize the final optimization of the end cell tuning for minimum external Q of the HOMs, coupler kick calculations of the single TTF fundamental power coupler FPC as well as multipole expansion analysis of the given modes and a discussion on operational aspects