7 research outputs found

    Newly designed poxviral promoters to improve immunogenicity and efficacy of MVA-NP candidate vaccine against lethal influenza virus infection in mice

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    Influenza, a respiratory disease mainly caused by influenza A and B, viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae, is still a burden on our society's health and economic system. Influenza A viruses (IAV) circulate in mammalian and avian populations, causing seasonal outbreaks with high numbers of cases. Due to the high variability in seasonal IAV triggered by antigenic drift, annual vaccination is necessary, highlighting the need for a more broadly protective vaccine against IAV. The safety tested Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is licensed as a third-generation vaccine against smallpox and serves as a potent vector system for the development of new candidate vaccines against different pathogens. Here, we generated and characterized recombinant MVA candidate vaccines that deliver the highly conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP) of IAV under the transcriptional control of five newly designed chimeric poxviral promoters to further increase the immunogenic properties of the recombinant viruses (MVA-NP). Infections of avian cell cultures with the recombinant MVA-NPs demonstrated efficient synthesis of the IAV-NP which was expressed under the control of the five new promoters. Prime-boost or single shot immunizations in C57BL/6 mice readily induced circulating serum antibodies' binding to recombinant IAV-NP and the robust activation of IAV-NP-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Moreover, the MVA-NP candidate vaccines protected C57BL/6 mice against lethal respiratory infection with mouse-adapted IAV (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934/H1N1). Thus, further studies are warranted to evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of these recombinant MVA-NP vaccines in other IAV challenge models in more detail

    The Chiemgau Crater Strewn Field: Evidence of a Holocene Large Impact Event in Southeast Bavaria, Germany

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    The Chiemgau strewn field in the Alpine Foreland discovered in the early new millennium comprises more than 80 mostly rimmed craters in a roughly elliptically shaped area with axes of about 60 km and 30 km. The crater diameters range between a few meters and a few hundred meters. Geologically, the craters occur in Pleistocene moraine and fluvio-glacial sediments. The craters and surrounding areas so far investigated in more detail are featuring heavy deformations of the Quaternary cobbles and boulders, abundant fused rock material (impact melt rocks and various glasses), shock-metamorphic effects, and geophysical anomalies. The impact is substantiated by the abundant occurrence of metallic, glass and carbon spherules, accretionary lapilli, and of strange matter in the form of iron silicides like gupeiite and xifengite, and various carbides like, e.g., moissanite SiC. The hitherto established largest crater of the strewn field is Lake TΓΌttensee exhibiting an 8 m-height rim wall, a rim-to-rim diameter of about 600 m, a depth of roughly 30 m and an extensive ejecta blanket. Physical and archeological dating confine the impact event to have happened most probably between 1300 and 300 B.C. The impactor is suggested to have been a low-density disintegrated, loosely bound asteroid or a disintegrated comet in order to account for the extensive strewn field.ΠšΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π§ΠΈΠΌΠ³Π°Ρƒ Π² Альпийском ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π³ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ тысячСлСтия; ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ состоит ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ 80 ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², рассСянных Π² области ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ эллиптичСской Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ с осями ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 30 ΠΈ 60 ΠΊΠΌ. Π”ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² колСблСтся ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… сот ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ². ГСологичСски ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π² плСйстоцСновых Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… отлоТСниях. ΠšΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ исслСдованныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ΄Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ гальки ΠΈ Π²Π°Π»ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ возраста, слСды сильного плавлСния ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ (расплав ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ остСклСнСния), ΡƒΠ΄Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎ-мСтаморфичСских эффСктов ΠΈ гСофизичСских Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ. Π£Π΄Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ воздСйствия ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ появлСниСм мСталличСских, остСклСнСнных частиц ΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π°ΠΊΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ странным ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ силицидов ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ gupeiite ΠΈ xifengite, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сплавов, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ moissanite SiC. ΠšΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ являСтся ΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ€ΠΎ Π’ΡŽΡ‚Π΅Π½Π·Π΅Π΅ с Π²ΠΎΡΡŒΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 600 ΠΌ, с Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 30 ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ отлоТСниями ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… выбросов. ЀизичСскиС ΠΈ архСологичСскиС ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡƒ события ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ 1300 ΠΈ 300 Π³Π³. Π΄ΠΎ Π½.э. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ разброса, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π±Ρ‹Π» Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ плотности, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, рыхлосвязанный астСроид ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³ΡˆΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² процСссС падСния, учитывая ΠΎΠ±ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ разброса

    The Chiemgau Crater Strewn Field: Evidence of a Holocene Large Impact Event in Southeast Bavaria, Germany

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    The Chiemgau strewn field in the Alpine Foreland discovered in the early new millennium comprises more than 80 mostly rimmed craters in a roughly elliptically shaped area with axes of about 60 km and 30 km. The crater diameters range between a few meters and a few hundred meters. Geologically, the craters occur in Pleistocene moraine and fluvio-glacial sediments. The craters and surrounding areas so far investigated in more detail are featuring heavy deformations of the Quaternary cobbles and boulders, abundant fused rock material (impact melt rocks and various glasses), shock-metamorphic effects, and geophysical anomalies. The impact is substantiated by the abundant occurrence of metallic, glass and carbon spherules, accretionary lapilli, and of strange matter in the form of iron silicides like gupeiite and xifengite, and various carbides like, e.g., moissanite SiC. The hitherto established largest crater of the strewn field is Lake TΓΌttensee exhibiting an 8 m-height rim wall, a rim-to-rim diameter of about 600 m, a depth of roughly 30 m and an extensive ejecta blanket. Physical and archeological dating confine the impact event to have happened most probably between 1300 and 300 B.C. The impactor is suggested to have been a low-density disintegrated, loosely bound asteroid or a disintegrated comet in order to account for the extensive strewn field.ΠšΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π§ΠΈΠΌΠ³Π°Ρƒ Π² Альпийском ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π³ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ тысячСлСтия; ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ состоит ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ 80 ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², рассСянных Π² области ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ эллиптичСской Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ с осями ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 30 ΠΈ 60 ΠΊΠΌ. Π”ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² колСблСтся ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… сот ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ². ГСологичСски ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π² плСйстоцСновых Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… отлоТСниях. ΠšΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ исслСдованныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ΄Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ гальки ΠΈ Π²Π°Π»ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ возраста, слСды сильного плавлСния ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ (расплав ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ остСклСнСния), ΡƒΠ΄Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎ-мСтаморфичСских эффСктов ΠΈ гСофизичСских Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ. Π£Π΄Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ воздСйствия ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ появлСниСм мСталличСских, остСклСнСнных частиц ΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π°ΠΊΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ странным ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ силицидов ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ gupeiite ΠΈ xifengite, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сплавов, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ moissanite SiC. ΠšΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ являСтся ΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ€ΠΎ Π’ΡŽΡ‚Π΅Π½Π·Π΅Π΅ с Π²ΠΎΡΡŒΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 600 ΠΌ, с Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 30 ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ отлоТСниями ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… выбросов. ЀизичСскиС ΠΈ архСологичСскиС ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡƒ события ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ 1300 ΠΈ 300 Π³Π³. Π΄ΠΎ Π½.э. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ разброса, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π±Ρ‹Π» Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ плотности, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, рыхлосвязанный астСроид ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³ΡˆΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² процСссС падСния, учитывая ΠΎΠ±ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ разброса

    Emphysema diagnosis using X-ray dark-field imaging at a laser-driven compact synchrotron light source

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    In early stages of various pulmonary diseases, such as emphysema and fibrosis, the change in X-ray attenuation is not detectable with absorption-based radiography. To monitor the morphological changes that the alveoli network undergoes in the progression of these diseases, we propose using the dark-field signal, which is related to small-angle scattering in the sample. Combined with the absorption-based image, the dark-field signal enables better discrimination between healthy and emphysematous lung tissue in a mouse model. All measurements have been performed at 36 keV using a monochromatic laser-driven miniature synchrotron X-ray source (Compact Light Source). In this paper we present grating-based dark-field images of emphysematous vs. healthy lung tissue, where the strong dependence of the dark-field signal on mean alveolar size leads to improved diagnosis of emphysema in lung radiographs
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