Topological descriptors for coral reef resilience using a stochastic spatial model

A complex interplay between species governs the evolution of spatial patterns in ecology. An open problem in the biological sciences is characterizing spatio-temporal data and understanding how changes at the local scale affect global dynamics/behavior. We present a toolkit of multiscale methods and use them to analyze coral reef resilience and dynamics.Here, we extend a well-studied temporal mathematical model of coral reef dynamics to include stochastic and spatial interactions and then generate data to study different ecological scenarios. We present descriptors to characterize patterns in heterogeneous spatio-temporal data surpassing spatially averaged measures. We apply these descriptors to simulated coral data and demonstrate the utility of two topological data analysis techniques--persistent homology and zigzag persistence--for characterizing the spatiotemporal evolution of reefs and generating insight into mechanisms of reef resilience. We show that the introduction of local competition between species leads to the appearance of coral clusters in the reef. Furthermore, we use our analyses to distinguish the temporal dynamics that stem from different initial configurations of coral, showing that the neighborhood composition of coral sites determines their long-term survival. Finally, we use zigzag persistence to quantify spatial behavior in the metastable regime as the level of fish grazing on algae varies and determine which spatial configurations protect coral from extinction in different environments

Final report on the collection of patents and business indicators by economic sector: Societal Grand Challenges and Key Enabling Technologies

In this report, information is provided on business R&D expenditures and patenting structures within Key Enabling Technologies and Societal Grand Challenges. The main challenge hereby was to estimate BERD, value added and employment at the technological level of KETs and SGCs as these indicators are only available at the sectoral (NACE 2-digit) level. The employed method uses the (weighted) distribution of technology-specific patents per sector to re-allocate BERD and value added by technology fields. While the strong correlation between patents and R&D expenditures is a proof of the use of this approach for BERD, the connection between patents and value added is much smaller. For this indicator the estimated values are therefore to be cautiously interpreted. Yet, technology specific data on value added is not available. Variations across countries, could partly be taken into account by employing four country groups.JRC.B.7-Knowledge for Finance, Innovation and Growt

Trends in Private Patent Costs and Rents for Publicly-Traded United States Firms

We use detailed data to estimate the private costs and private rents of United States patents for publicly-traded firms. In analyzing costs, we first introduce a novel theoretical model to interpret our estimates. We then combine lawsuit data from Derwent Litalert with non-practicing entity (NPE) lawsuits collected by Patent Freedom, and use an event-study approach to estimate losses suffered by alleged infringers during 1984-2009. To estimate rents, we combine patent data from the USPTO and EPO with financial data from COMPUSTAT, and use market-value regressions to estimate the value of patent rents for publicly-traded US firms during 1979-2002. We find that private costs exceed private rents during 1999-2000 and the trend in costs is sharply higher. Costs also exceed forecasts of rents for 2005-09. A surge in the number of NPE lawsuits contributes to the increase in the gap

Sine Qua Non (Sin lo Cual No)

Tesis de danza titulada "Sine Qua Non" (Sin lo Cual No). El presente proyecto teórico-coreográfico ? dancístico se encuentra dividió en cuatro grandes capítulos: el nacimiento de una idea (la marioneta), una propuesta o base teórica (los hilos), el desarrollo de un proceso coreográfico- colaborativo (creando a la polichinela) y la puesta en escena a (de) lo que finalmente se encontró. "Sine Qua Non (sin lo cual no)". El primer capítulo narra detalladamente de dónde surgió la idea principal para la creación de la puesta en escena de la obra sine Qua Non. El capítulo segundo aborda el proceso teórico que se utilizó para la fundamentación del presente proyecto, definiciones tales como: miedo, soledad, sociedad, control y libertad. El tercer capítulo trata sobre la creación coreográfica, la cual se trabajó alrededor de 6 meses con ayuda de 3 bailarinas. El cuarto capítulo aborda lo que sucedió el día de la puesta en escena (12 de diciembre 2009) en el auditorio de la UDLAP. Finalmente, entre una de las tantas conclusiones, decimos que una buena organización y comunicación trae consigo un buen resultado. "Al caer las marionetas, el ventrílocuo comienza a manipularlas poco a poco hasta lograr que se paren, ellas tratan de buscar una escapatoria; cuando el titiretero se distrae, las polichinelas tratan de huir, pero? tristemente se dan cuenta que siguen atadas a los hilos que marcan su existencia: miedo, sociedad, soledad, control. Ellas buscan una nueva salida y poco a poco deciden irse quitando cada peso con el que han cargado a través de su vida; sin haberlo notado caen en cuenta que han sido liberadas, el ventrílocuo, espantado, al ver que perdió su dominio, decide modificar su estrategia." Sine Qua No

La celebración del equinoccio de primavera en Cholula: comunicación intercultural

TesinaLicenciatura en ComunicaciónEl objetivo de esta investigación es tratar de explicar el fenómeno de la celebración del equinoccio de primavera de 2005 en la ciudad de Cholula, visto como un fenómeno que evidencia en sí una comunicación intercultural entre los diferentes grupos que confluyen a dicha celebración desde su propio horizonte de cultura. Para entender la importancia de la celebración del equinoccio, se aborda desde la estructura simbólica del saber de Ernst Cassirer.c

Societal Grand Challenges from a technological perspective – Methods and identification of classes of the International Patent Classification IPC

The aim of this working paper is the provision of a list of IPC classes assigned to each of the technology-oriented Societal Grand Challenges (SGCs) of Horizon2020 and the description of the methods and workings steps that led to this list.JRC.J.6-Innovation Systems Analysi

Trends in Private Patent Costs and Rents for Publicly-Traded United States Firms

We use detailed data to estimate the private costs and private rents of United States patents for publicly-traded firms. In analyzing costs, we first introduce a novel theoretical model to interpret our estimates. We then combine lawsuit data from Derwent Litalert with non-practicing entity (NPE) lawsuits collected by Patent Freedom, and use an event-study approach to estimate losses suffered by alleged infringers during 1984-2009. To estimate rents, we combine patent data from the USPTO and EPO with financial data from COMPUSTAT, and use market-value regressions to estimate the value of patent rents for publicly-traded US firms during 1979-2002. We find that private costs exceed private rents during 1999-2000 and the trend in costs is sharply higher. Costs also exceed forecasts of rents for 2005-09. A surge in the number of NPE lawsuits contributes to the increase in the gap

Zigzag persistence for coral reef resilience using a stochastic spatial model.

A complex interplay between species governs the evolution of spatial patterns in ecology. An open problem in the biological sciences is characterizing spatio-temporal data and understanding how changes at the local scale affect global dynamics/behaviour. Here, we extend a well-studied temporal mathematical model of coral reef dynamics to include stochastic and spatial interactions and generate data to study different ecological scenarios. We present descriptors to characterize patterns in heterogeneous spatio-temporal data surpassing spatially averaged measures. We apply these descriptors to simulated coral data and demonstrate the utility of two topological data analysis techniques-persistent homology and zigzag persistence-for characterizing mechanisms of reef resilience. We show that the introduction of local competition between species leads to the appearance of coral clusters in the reef. We use our analyses to distinguish temporal dynamics stemming from different initial configurations of coral, showing that the neighbourhood composition of coral sites determines their long-term survival. Using zigzag persistence, we determine which spatial configurations protect coral from extinction in different environments. Finally, we apply this toolkit of multi-scale methods to empirical coral reef data, which distinguish spatio-temporal reef dynamics in different locations, and demonstrate the applicability to a range of datasets