Definition Constructed Process in Mathematics Learning

Salah satu faktor yang dapat mendukung kemampuan profesional guru adalah penguasaan guru tentang ilmu psikologi kognitif. Salah satu kajian dari ilmu kognitif adalah tentang bagaimana siswa belajar. Tulisan ini membahas tentang bagaimana pemahaman terhadap definisi berkembang dalam pikiran siswa. Seorang guru tidak hanya memfasilitasi siswa untuk memiliki konsep definisi sebaiknya sampai memiliki konsep image

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Realisasi Pembiayaan Murabahah untuk USAha Mikro Agribisnis Sektor Perdagangan (Studi Kasus: Kbmt Bil Barkah, Bogor)

Micro business has significant contribution to GDP and employment. Micro business in agriculture has the highest contribution. The problem faced by micro business in agriculture is the difficulty to get financed by conventional bank. Shari Microfinance is one of the financing alternatives. Baitul Mal wat Tanwil Cooperative (KBMT) Bil Barkah is one of Shari microfinance provider via murabahah funding. The purpose of this research is to analyze customer characteristics affecting murabahah funding acquirement. The sampling method used was convenience sampling and total sample used was 40 people. The collected data was processed by multiple regressions. The results shows the significant factors are education, business experience, monthly revenue and collateral

Photonic applications of azobenzene molecules embedded in amorphous polymer

AbstractThe incorporation of azobenzene chromophores into polymer systems gives rise to a number of unique effects under UV and visible light irradiation. The light-driven isomerization of the azobenzene element acts as a light-to-mechanical energy converter, translating the nanoscopic structural movement of the isomerization azobenzene into macroscopic topographic film modulation in the form of surface relief. This review focuses on the study of reversible changes in shape in various systems incorporating azobenzene, including large-scale superficial photo-patterned glassy materials, light-driven reshaping of tridimensional superficial azo-textures and contractions of stimuli-responsive liquid crystalline networks (LCNs). Further, promising applications of azo systems are investigated as smart biointerfaces able to mimic time-varying biological systems

In vitro strategies for mimicking dynamic cell–ECM reciprocity in 3D culture models

The extracellular microenvironment regulates cell decisions through the accurate presentation at the cell surface of a complex array of biochemical and biophysical signals that are mediated by the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). On the one hand, the cells actively remodel the ECM, which on the other hand affects cell functions. This cell–ECM dynamic reciprocity is central in regulating and controlling morphogenetic and histogenetic processes. Misregulation within the extracellular space can cause aberrant bidirectional interactions between cells and ECM, resulting in dysfunctional tissues and pathological states. Therefore, tissue engineering approaches, aiming at reproducing organs and tissues in vitro, should realistically recapitulate the native cell–microenvironment crosstalk that is central for the correct functionality of tissue-engineered constructs. In this review, we will describe the most updated bioengineering approaches to recapitulate the native cell microenvironment and reproduce functional tissues and organs in vitro. We have highlighted the limitations of the use of exogenous scaffolds in recapitulating the regulatory/instructive and signal repository role of the native cell microenvironment. By contrast, strategies to reproduce human tissues and organs by inducing cells to synthetize their own ECM acting as a provisional scaffold to control and guide further tissue development and maturation hold the potential to allow the engineering of fully functional histologically competent three-dimensional (3D) tissues

Pemanfaatan Tepung Ampas Tahu pada Pembuatan Kukis Mengandung Minyak Sawit Merah

This study aimed to get the best formulation of substitution of wheat flour with okaraflour in making of cookies containing red palm oil, judging from the content of nutrients and organoleptic tests based on SNI 01-2973-1992. The research was conducted with an experimental method using a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The treatment in this study were ratio of wheat flour and okara flour 100%:0%, 75%:25%, 50%:50%, and 25%:75%. Data were statistically analyzed by using Analysis of Variance and followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test at level5%.Results of the analysis showed that ratio of wheat flourand okara flour significantlyaffected on moisture, ash, protein,and crude fiber content as well as descriptive and hedonic sensory test of the cookies. Based on this research, the best treatment wasratio of wheat flourand okara flour 75%:25% which hadmoisture 2.37%, ash 1.62%, protein 6.21%,and crude fiber content 3.80%.Characteristics cookies of best treatment based on descriptive test was golden yellow color, rather beany flavor, rathertofu tasteless, and crunchy texture

Daya Saing Bawang Merah di Wilayah Sentra Produksi di Indonesia

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keuntungan USAha tani bawang merah, menganalisis daya saing bawang merah melalui keunggulan kometitif dan komparatif, serta menganalisis dampak kebijakan pemerintah pada USAha tani bawang merah di tiga sentra produksi di Indonesia (Cirebon, Brebes, Tegal). Metode analisis data menggunakan PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa USAha tani bawang merah di Cirebon, Brebes dan Tegal menguntungkan secara finansial tetapi tidak menguntungkan secara ekonomi. Hasil analisis daya saing USAha tani bawang merah di Cirebon, Brebes dan Tegal menunjukkan USAha tani bawang merah tidak memiliki keunggulan komparatif tetapi masih memiliki keunggulan kompetitif. Dampak kebijakan pemerintah terhadap output menunjukkan adanya proteksi pemerintah terhadap harga bawang merah. Sementara itu, kebijakan pemerintah terkait input masih bersifat disinsentif kepada petani. Petani harus membayar input lebih mahal dari seharusnya. Secara simultan, kebijakan pemerintah terhadap input dan output mendukung terhadap produksi bawang merah di Cirebon, Brebes dan Tegal

Direct, precise, enzyme-free detection of miR-103–3p in real samples by microgels with highly specific molecular beacons

Low abundance, small size, and sequence similarities render microRNA (miRNAs) detection challenging, particularly in real samples, where quantifying weakly expressed miRNAs can be arduous due to interference of more abundant molecules. The standard quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) requires multiple steps, thermal cycles, and costly enzymatic reactions that can negatively affect results. Here we present a direct, precise, enzyme-free assay based on microgels particles conjugating molecular beacons (MB) capable of optically detecting low abundant miRNAs in real samples. We validate the applicability of microgels assay using qRT-PCR as a reference technology. As a relevant case, we chose miR-103-3p, a valuable diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer, both in serum samples and MCF7 cells. As a result, microgels assay quantifies miRNA molecules at room temperature in a single step, 1 h (vs. 4 hrs for qRT-PCR) without complementary DNA synthesis, amplification, or expensive reagents. Microgels assay exhibits femtomolar sensitivity, single nucleotide specificity, and a wide linear range (10(2)-10(7) fM) (wider than qRT-PCR), with low sample consumption (2 mu L) and excellent linearity (R-2= 0.98). To test the selectivity of the microgel assay in real samples, MCF7 cells were considered where the pool of 8 other miRNAs were further upregulated with respect to miRNA 103-3p. In such complex environments, microgels assay selectively detects the miRNA target, mainly due to MB advanced stability and specificity as well as high microgel antifouling properties. These results show the reliability of microgels assay to detect miRNAs in real samples