Influence of water temperature on the efficacy of diquat and endothall versus curlyleaf pondweed

determine the impact of water temperature on the efficacy of the contact herbicides diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyrido [1,2- α:2’,1’-c] pyrazinediium ion) and endothall (7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) for control of the exotic nuisance species curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.) across a range of water temperatures

Implicit Bias and Inattentional Blindness

This thesis will explore the problem of implicit bias and motivate a negative definition of implicit bias. The first chapter takes a survey of implicit bias research in psychology and engages with Tamar Gendler’s proposal of aliefs. Based on her description I argue that she is advocating for a model of implicit bias that consists of an addition or distortion to visual perception. I then explored implications of this model, including the tenacity of the additions to visual perception in the face of conflicting evidence and beliefs. Ultimately, I argue that her primary Cosmos Club example does not support her model of implicit bias and reinterpret her example to motivate a new model of implicitly biased perception. Combining the Cosmos Club example with alternative epistemologies, the second chapter demonstrates the importance of perspectival knowledge in formulating a model of implicit bias. Attention research indicates that executive control of attentional processes is motivated by top-down processes, and therefore the personal experiences, habits, and biases of the observer must necessarily be taken into account. Rather than focusing on individual differences in perceptual capacities and cognitive biases, I claimed that the occurrences of implicit bias in particular social groups (white, wealthy, etc.) demonstrates that the loci of measurable difference in perspective is at the intersection between different social groups determined by race, gender, age, sexuality, etc. After establishing the indispensability of group perspective, I then argued for a model of implicit bias as inattentional bias. The third and final chapter will delve into the cognitive science research into attention, and inattentional blindness. It will draw a comparison between positive and negative implicit bias and bottom-up and top-down attentional processes on visual perception. I will propose a model of perception that provides an explanation for inattentional blindness that is in accordance with the claims of epistemologists of ignorance that ignorance is active and can lead to implicit bias as de-selecting evidence. The thesis ends by suggesting what future research of negative implicit bias should focus on

Keeping Gideon\u27s Promise: An Evaluation of Indigent Defense in the State of Mississippi

The United States Constitution awards its citizens rights that many other countries do not. One such right is the Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial along with the assistance of counsel. Since the Supreme Court decision Gideon v. Wainwright, the responsibility of providing effective counsel has been pushed on each state. States throughout the nation have fragmented systems of indigent defense that fail to meet their responsibility, and thus many citizens have been denied their Sixth Amendment rights. For many decades, this denial of a constitutional right has been a topic of discussion. Some states have taken steps to remedy their indigent defense systems, while in others it is still a point of contention. All but a token few of the states have implemented a statewide indigent defense system that has proven to remedy the initial problem. The state of Mississippi, on the other hand, has continued to use a broken county-based indigent defense system despite the protest from attorneys and legal organizations alike. This work explores the consequences the Mississippi has faced due to its dismissal of the need for a change in the system. Arkansas will be used as a reference state for which Mississippi could follow suit. Though Arkansas shares many characteristics with Mississippi, it has had a statewide indigent defense system in place for over ten years. Evidence presented in this work proves the effectiveness of Arkansas\u27 indigent defense system and how it can be used as model for Mississippi. The evidence will additionally be used to justify why Mississippi can and should implement a statewide indigent defense system

A Comparison of Students\u27 and Parents\u27 Habits and Attitudes toward Reading in Title I and Non-Title I Schools.

This study describes and compares the reading habits and attitudes of students and parents in Title I and Non-Title I schools. The study was conducted because reading is an important basic skill that all children must acquire. The information gathered can be used to help parents provide beneficial experiences for their children in reading. The literature review addresses literature and research related to factors identified as impacting readiness for school and reading achievement in elementary-age students. Research indicates that family structure, amount of time children spend watching television, availability of learning tools, and home literacy activities may be related to school readiness and academic success. The population consisted of third, fourth, and fifth grade students and their parents in three school systems in northeast Tennessee. Title I schools included those with a 75% or higher free or reduced lunch rate. Two survey instruments were used û a parent questionnaire and a student questionnaire. Data collection consisted of letters to directors of school systems requesting permission for schools to participate in the study, and letters to principals, including the purpose of the study and asking permission to administer surveys. After securing permissions, materials were sent to teachers, who helped coordinate the study at the school level. The data were analyzed, using frequencies and percentages, with tables, charts, and figures. The questions on the surveys were analyzed to answer the four research questions. This study found that, when compared to students and parents in Non-Title I schools, students and parents in Title I schools were less likely to read at home for enjoyment, use the public library, or read magazines and newspapers. Results demonstrate that students and parents in Title I schools, overall, read less than students and parents in Non-Title I schools, reported having fewer books at home of their own, reported having fewer educational materials at home, and students were found to read to their parents less often. Both students in Title I and Non-Title I schools reported watching television every day, although the amount of time they watch varied

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Mycobacteriophages From the Central Illinois Region

Members of the Illinois Wesleyan General Biology Science Education Alliance (SEA) laboratory isolated and characterized fifteen distinctive phages capable of infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis. Each student collected soil samples from the central Illinois area and used direct plating or enrichment techniques to isolate phages. Streak assays were used to purify single phage populations. Individual phage populations were then characterized and DNA was isolated. Based on the following characteristics; plaque morphology (size and turbidity), life style (temperate or lytic) and DNA restriction patterns, we determined that each student has isolated a unique phage. The DNA from a single Mycobacteriophage, Kazan, was sent to the University of Pittsburgh for genome sequencing. DNA Sequencing determined that Kazan is 52,160 base pairs, including 10 base pair 3\u27 overhang (CGGTCGGTTA), and a member of the A6 subcluster of Mycobacteriophages. Kazan is most closely related to the phages EricB and DaVinci (99% identity). Genome analysis, using the computer programs DNA Master, Glimmer, GeneMark, and Aragorn, determined that the Kazan genome housed 99 genes and 3 tRNAs. The potential protein function for each gene was determined using the computer programs HHPred, BLASTP and Phamerator. All the individual phage data was submitted to the Mycobacteriophage DataBase and the genome annotation, when completed, will be submitted to the DNA database, GenBank