Molecular scale ion separation driven by surface roughness and ion size asymmetry: new analytical solutions for differential capacitance of EDL

Electrode surface roughness significantly impacts the structure of electric double layer on a molecular scale. We derive analytical solutions for differential capacitance (DC) of electric double layer near rough electrode surface, comparing them with a range of experimental and numerical studies. Two causes of ions separation are considered: ion size asymmetry and electrode surface roughness. The model has three scale parameters determining DC properties: the Debye length, difference of ion penetration depths, and surface roughness parameter. For the first time, DC profile with more than two peaks was obtained analytically due to account for ions reorientation effect. The model predicts DC curve transform from bell to camel and inverse induced by electrode surface roughness. The behavior of DC-potential relation with temperature and ion size ratio diverges depending on the type of ions separation. Additionally, we provide analytical solutions for zero charge potential and demonstrate roughness effect on its value. Based on the results, we give recommendations for properties required to design effective electric double layer capacitors.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure

AGEISM AND STIGMATIZATION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE BY REPRESENTATIVES OF DIFFERENT GENERATIONS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of stereotypes and ageism attitudes towards elderly people among representatives of different generations (youth, middle-aged people and elderly people themselves).Methodology. The study was conducted using a nonparametric criterion for comparing several independent samples - the Kruskal-Wallis test. Methods were used to study attitudes, attitudes towards ageism and semantic differential.Results. In the structure of stigmatizing attitudes of all three generations, prejudices about elderly people are most frequent, and to the greatest extent they are present among elderly people themselves, which makes it possible to talk about self-stigmatization. Discriminatory attitudes are least expressed in the structure of ageism in all age groups, but attitudes to avoid contact with the elderly are statistically significantly more present in the group of young people aged 18 - 35.Research implications. The results obtained can be used in building productive communications in transgenerational relationships and become the basis for the development of specialized training programs aimed at counteracting the formation of social stigmatization of elderly people.</html

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PHENOL CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN POMEGRANATE FRUIT PULP BY THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION

Objective: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a broadly used plant possessing a wide range of medicinal properties. In this research, we have mainly focused on the investigation of phenolic compounds of pomegranate fruit pulp (PFP).Methods: Fresh fruits of Çəhrayı Gülöyşə,†Kizil-anor,†and pomegranate varietal mixture were used as samples. High-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) analysis of phenol carboxylic acids was performed with metal column Kromasil® C18 (4.6×250 mm, particle size 5 μm) and the acetonitrile-water-concentrated acid phosphoric system (400:600:5) under isocratic elution conditions (flow rate of 0.5 ml/min). Detection was carried out using a UV detector GILSTON†UV/Visible model 151 at a wavelength of 280 nm.Results and Discussion: As a result of our research, we proposed chromatographic conditions for the separation of phenolic compounds, the conditions for sample preparation of PFP. Procedure for determination of phenolic carboxylic acids total content in terms of gallic acid by HPLC-UV method was developed. According to the obtained data, the content of phenolic carboxylic acids should be at least 0.7%.Conclusion: Procedure for the quantitative determination of gallic acid using the HPLC-UV method was developed. This method which can be used in the standardization of new medicinal plant raw materials - PFP, as well as extract preparations based on it in the future

Congenital and Acquired Interferonopathies: Differentiated Approaches to Interferon Therapy

This chapter reviews various interferon (IFN) system disturbances—interferonopathies. The authors describe clinical specifics of type I interferonopathy associated with overexpression of IFNα—which is a rare Mendelian genetic disease. Certain autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), vasculitis, immune dysregulation syndrome, etc.) are also characterized by overproduction of IFNα. Furthermore the most common interferonopathies are described—deficiencies of IFN, congenital or acquired IFNα/IFNβ and IFNγ deficiencies in children and adults. Deficiency of IFNα/IFNβ associated with severe recurrent viral infections and deficiency of IFNγ cause mycobacterial infection. Interferon-corrective therapy methods are described. The target therapy of type I interferonopathies (biologics) binds IFNα and normalizes the high level of IFNα. From the other side, patients with congenital IFNα deficiencies are needed in replacement IFN therapy. In case of acquired IFNα deficiency, the differentiated interferon-corrective therapy is performed. In both replacement and interferon-corrective therapies, recombinant human IFNα2b in complex with antioxidants (Viferon®) can be used, because their application is safe and has good clinical efficiency and no side effects

Hexa­kis­(dimethyl­formamide-κO)manganese(II) (dimethyl­formamide-κO)pentakis(­thio­cyanato­-κN)chromate(III)

The title compound, [Mn(C3H7NO)6][Cr(NCS)5(C3H7NO)], was obtained unintentionally as a product of an attempted synthesis of heterometallic complexes based on Reineckes anion using manganese powder, Reineckes salt and 1-(2-hy­droxy­eth­yl)tetra­zole as starting materials. The crystal structure of the complex consists of an [Mn(dmf)6]2+ cation and a [Cr(NCS)5(dmf)]2− anion (dmf = dimethyl­formamide). The MnII and CrIII atoms show a slightly distorted octa­hedral MnO6 and CrN5O coordination geometries with adjacent angles in the range 85.29 (13)–95.96 (14)°

Remodeling of Phenotype CD16 + CD11b + Neutrophilic Granulocytes in Acute Viral and Acute Bacterial Infections

Neutrophilic granulocytes (NGs) are very important cells of innate immunity that can very quickly realize antibacterial and antiviral defense. Until the present time, the phenomenon of different levels of presentations of membrane receptors CD16 and CD11b NG in normal and pathological conditions wasn’t studied. We had studied the population of CD16+CD11b+NG in two groups of patients with acute viral and acute bacterial infections in the models of acute bacterial tonsillitis (ABT) and acute viral tonsillitis-EBV infection (AEBVI), having the same clinical symptoms in early stages of the disease. Comparative analysis of the redistribution of equipment intensity of CD16 and CD11b has detected three subpopulations of CD16+CD11b+NG population—CD16brightCD11bbright, CD16brightCD11bdim, and CD16dimCD11bbright—in normal and pathological conditions. It was found that subpopulation CD16brightCD11bdimNG dominates in healthy individuals; subpopulation CD16brightCD11bbrightNG dominates in patients with acute viral infection; subpopulation CD16dimCD11bbrightNG dominates in patients with acute bacterial infections. We had demonstrated that the study of CD16+CD11b+NG subpopulations allows in early stage of diseases to diagnose acute viral and acute bacterial infections. Our studies have demonstrated the positive effects of eukaryotic DNA sodium salt on the negatively altered phenotype subpopulation CD16+CD11b+NG, in particular, through the remodeling of the expression of CD11b on NG membrane

The Approaches to Estimation of Financial Potential of Enterprise

The article highlights the approaches to explaining the essence of financial potential of enterprise and considers the individual methods of its estimation. It has been determined that the most common is the resource approach, according to which the financial potential of enterprise is determined by the presence of its own financial resources, as well as the possibility of attracting along with an efficient management of such resources. The authors analyze the methods of estimation of financial potential, proposed by another researchers, most of which are based on the use of classical indices of coefficient analysis of the financial status of enterprise (liquidity, solvency, resilience, turnover, profitability), but with a focus on ensuring the sufficiency of their values in the future. A number of methods are based on the calculation of an integral indicator, which takes into account additional parameters indicating the ability of enterprise to generate financial resources. The factors that determine the level of financial potential and the indicators that provide to estimate the level of financial stability together with the ability of enterprise to maintain the degree of cover with financial resources are systematized

ABOUT ANCIENT CERAMIC TRADITIONS OF THE POPULATION OF THE NORTHERN CASPIAN REGION

Introduction. The territory of the Northern Caspian region plays an important role in the study of the Neolithic of Eastern Europe. The main criterion of this period is clay pottery. One of the difficult issues is the time of the ceramic technology appearance. Methods and materials. The study of the pottery technology of the Neolithic population of the Northern Caspian region is carried out in the framework of the historical and cultural approach to the study of ceramics, according to the method of A. Bobrinsky. The technique is based on binocular microscopy, tracology and experiment in the form of physical modeling. The basis for identifying technological traces on ceramics is the comparative analysis of the vessels under study with the base of standards. It is made by means of physical modeling in field and laboratory conditions. The age of the Neolithic monuments was determined using traditional methods in radiocarbon laboratories in Russia and Ukraine, as well as using AMS at universities in Sweden and Finland. Analysis. Over the past 10 years, more than 68 radiocarbon dates on different materials such as charcoal, bones, organics from ceramics, charred crusts, humus have been obtained. They give the possibility to determine the time of appearance and spread of the earliest pottery in the Northern Caspian region. This is the middle 7th millennium BC. The chronological framework for the development of the Neolithic in the Northern Caspian region is ca. 6600-5500 BC. The paper establishes the main and specific features of ceramic traditions. Results. The technical and technological analysis allows to reveal the genesis, the features of dynamics and further development of pottery in this region. The complex of results obtained allows to attribute the Neolithic sites of the Caspian region to the earliest pottery areal in Eastern Europe.Peer reviewe

INTEGRATION DIAGNOSTIC CRITERION FOR EVALUATION OF THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19 AND THE RISK OF POST-COVID SYNDROME

The pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 is characterized by changes in the number, phenotype, and function of neutrophil granulocytes (NG). Among the effector antiviral mechanisms of NC, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are one of the most important, but their excessive formation exacerbates inflammation in acute respiratory distress syndrome and contributes to microvascular thrombosis. Their detection and quantification may be important in various forms of the course of COVID-19 to determine the correlation with the outcome of the disease, assess the risk of developing post-COVID syndrome, and possibly monitor future targeted therapy.Purpose of the study: to develop a new diagnostic integration criterion to assess the severity of COVID-19 and the risk of complications in the post-COVID period, including post-COVID syndrome in peripheral blood.Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood (PB) samples were studied from 31 patients with acute COVID-19 (moderate (n=15) and severe (n=16)), 52 patients discharged from the hospital after severe COVID-19 treatment severity, in terms of 30 to 60 days, with post-COVID syndrome (PCS) and 100 healthy volunteers. The parameters of the general clinical blood test (MicroCC-20Plus) were evaluated, the leukocyte formula was calculated in PC smears, taking into account the number of formed NETs and NGs that went into pathological apoptosis. Based on the obtained results, an integration diagnostic criterion was calculated using the formula:.Results. A decrease in IDC was shown in the moderate course of the disease by 8,5 times (p&lt;0,05), and in severe cases by 30 times(p&lt;0,05) compared with the values in the group of healthy individuals. It was also found that in 88,5% of patients with PCS who underwent SARS-CoV-2, no morphologically pathologically altered NG were detected in the PB. At the same time, in 11.5% of patients with PCS, the appearance of NETs and cells with pathological apoptosis was noted, while the IDC of NG-PCS was 8 times less than in the comparison group and did not differ from the parameters of patients with moderate COVID-19 (p&gt;0,05), which dictates the need for further dispensary observation of such patients.Conclusion. The data obtained in this study indicate that the developed integration diagnostic criterion allows us to assess both the severity of COVID-19 in the acute period and the risk of post-COVID syndrome. It should be emphasized that the characteristic changes in NG detected in COVID-19 can be easily identified in PB and consistently monitored by the calculated integral diagnostic criterion. A significant decrease in IDC indicates the persisting hyper activation of NG and the need for targeted immunotherapy aimed at modulating NG dysfunctions