Senųjų baltiškųjų Enchiridiono vertimų paralelės: dėl pasiutimo formos (vok. ӡu f luchen bewegt)

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] The aim of this paper is to investigate how the expression ʒu fluchen bewegt (in the context: [Ich...] habe ſie erʒrnet und ʒu f luchen bewegt), found in the chapter on Confession in the Small Catechism by M. Luther, was rendered in the Old Prussian, Old Lithuanian and Old Latvian translations.The usage and semantics of this expression, as well as the different strategies employed by translators in each language for its respective translation, are studied in a contrastive way and by means of the hermeneutic method.Abel Will’s work was probably exposed to different impulses, among them literality and iconism. His translation process could be influenced both by the phonetic and semantic vicinity between the German Woge, bewegen and bewegt ~ bewogen. Contrastive examples in other languages are also given. According to the author, in the case of the OPr. word pobanginnos, A. Will created a Lehnschöpfung, a fact that reveals a subtle interference with the German language.[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Straipsnio tikslas – ištirti, kaip vertimuose į senąsias prūsų, lietuvių ir latvių kalbas buvo perteiktas Martyno Liuterio Mažojo katekizmo „Tikėjimo išpažinimo“ skyriuje aptinkamas pasakymas ʒu fluchen bewegt (kontekste [Ich...] habe ſie erʒurnet und ʒu fluchen bewegt). Kalbamojo pasakymo semantika ir vartosena, taip pat vertimo strategijos, kurias taikė minėtų kalbų vertėjai, tiriamos kontrastyviniu ir hermeneutiniu metodais. Abelio Vilio vertimas greičiausiai buvo paveiktas skirtingų veiksnių, iš jų – pažodiškumo ir ikonizmo. Vertimui įtakos taip pat galėjo turėti fonetinės ir semantinės sąsajos su vokiečių k. Woge: beweget ~ bewogen. Atliekant analizę, straipsnyje pateikiama ir kitų kalbų kontrastyvinių pavyzdžių. Daroma išvada, kad senosios prūsų kalbos žodis pobanginnons yra Vilio kūrybinis vertimas (vok. Lehnschöpfung). Taip vertime į prūsų kalbą atsiskleidžia subtili lingvistinė senosios prūsų ir vokiečių kalbos interferencija

Polyethylenimine-mediated gene delivery into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from patients

Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adult bone marrow has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for post-infarction left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. However, age-related functional decline of stem cells has restricted their clinical benefits after transplantation into the infarcted myocardium. The limitations imposed on patient cells could be addressed by genetic modification of stem cells. This study was designed to improve our understanding of genetic modification of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by polyethylenimine (PEI, branched with Mw 25 kD), one of non-viral vectors that show promise in stem cell genetic modification, in the context of cardiac regeneration for patients. We optimized the PEI-mediated reporter gene transfection into hMSCs, evaluated whether transfection efficiency is associated with gender or age of the cell donors, analysed the influence of cell cycle on transfection and investigated the transfer of therapeutic vascular endothelial growth factor gene (VEGF). hMSCs were isolated from patients with cardiovascular disease aged from 41 to 85 years. Optimization of gene delivery to hMSCs was carried out based on the particle size of the PEI/DNA complexes, N/P ratio of complexes, DNA dosage and cell viability. The highest efficiency with the cell viability near 60% was achieved at N/P ratio 2 and 6.0 μg DNA/cm 2. The average transfection efficiency for all tested samples, middle-age group (<65 years), old-age group (>65 years), female group and male group was 4.32%, 3.85%, 4.52%, 4.14% and 4.38%, respectively. The transfection efficiency did not show any correlation either with the age or the gender of the donors. Statistically, there were two subpopulations in the donors; and transfection efficiency in each subpopulation was linearly related to the cell percentage in S phase. No significant phenotypic differences were observed between these two subpopulations. Furthermore, PEI-mediated therapeutic gene VEGF transfer could significantly enhance the expression level.DFG/SFB/Transregio 37BMBF/0313191German Helmholtz AssociationDFG/0402710Ministry of Education/0312138 AMinistry of Economy (Mecklenburg-West Pommerania)/V220-630-08-TFMVF/S-035Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (IRSES, FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES)Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC

Cell Origin of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Determines a Different Healing Performance in Cardiac Regeneration

The possible different therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) derived from umbilical cord blood (CB), adipose tissue (AT) or bone marrow (BM) for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) remains unexplored. This study was to assess the regenerative potential of hMSC from different origins and to evaluate the role of CD105 in cardiac regeneration. Male SCID mice underwent LAD-ligation and received the respective cell type (400.000/per animal) intramyocardially. Six weeks post infarction, cardiac catheterization showed significant preservation of left ventricular functions in BM and CD105+-CB treated groups compared to CB and nontreated MI group (MI-C). Cell survival analyzed by quantitative real time PCR for human GAPDH and capillary density measured by immunostaining showed consistent results. Furthermore, cardiac remodeling can be significantly attenuated by BM-hMSC compared to MI-C. Under hypoxic conditions in vitro, remarkably increased extracellular acidification and apoptosis has been detected from CB-hMSC compared to BM and CD105 purified CB-derived hMSC. Our findings suggests that hMSC originating from different sources showed a different healing performance in cardiac regeneration and CD105+ hMSC exhibited a favorable survival pattern in infarcted hearts, which translates into a more robust preservation of cardiac function

Cardiac renewing: interstitial Cajal-like cells nurse cardiomyocyte progenitors in epicardial stem cell niches

Recent studies suggested that various cell lineages exist within the subepicardium and we supposed that this area could host cardiac stem cell niches (CSCNs). Using transmission electron microscopy, we have found at least 10 types of cells coexisting in the subepicardium of normal adult mice: adipocytes, fibroblasts, Schwann cells and nerve fibres, isolated smooth muscle cells, mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs) and cardiomyocytes progenitors (CMPs). The latter cells, sited in the area of origin of coronary arteries and aorta, showed typical features of either very immature or developing cardiomyocytes. Some of these cells were connected to each other to form columns surrounded by a basal lamina and embedded in a cellular network made by ICLCs. Complex intercellular communication occurs between the ICLCs and CMPs through electron-dense nanostructures or through shed vesicles. We provide here for the first time the ultrastructural description of CSCN in the adult mice myocardium, mainly containing ICLCs and CMPs. The existence of resident CMPs in different developmental stages proves that cardiac renewing is a continuous process. We suggest that ICLCs might act as supporting nurse cells of the cardiac niches and may be responsible for activation, commitment and migration of the stem cells out of the niches. Briefly, not only resident cardiac stem cells but also ICLCs regulate myocyte turnover and contribute to both cardiac cellular homeostasis and endogenous repair/remodelling after injuries