Artificial Intelligence Enabled Project Management: A Systematic Literature Review

In the Industry 5.0 era, companies are leveraging the potential of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence for more efficient and green human-centric production. In a similar approach, project management would benefit from artificial intelligence in order to achieve project goals by improving project performance, and consequently, reaching higher sustainable success. In this context, this paper examines the role of artificial intelligence in emerging project management through a systematic literature review; the applications of AI techniques in the project management performance domains are presented. The results show that the number of influential publications on artificial intelligence-enabled project management has increased significantly over the last decade. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence, predominantly machine learning, can be considerably useful in the management of construction and IT projects; it is notably encouraging for enhancing the planning, measurement, and uncertainty performance domains by providing promising forecasting and decision-making capabilities

Project Success Criteria Evaluation for a Project-Based Organization and Its Stakeholders—A Q-Methodology Approach

The criteria that define project success change from one project to another, also from organization to organization, making success contextual for both the project organization and its stakeholders. This paper proposes a way to bridge this gap between what project success means to an organization and to its stakeholders in the context of Research and Development (R&D) projects. To achieve this, the available literature on project success has been analyzed to convert the different aspects identified into tangible units, allowing us to define and analyze the success criteria of a project in different dimensions. Subsequently, using Q-Methodology, which allowed us to determine among subjective opinions of Project Managers (PMs) of a project-based organization and their internal stakeholders, we will determine which criteria, within the previously identified dimensions, they consider as the most important for the success of a project, aiming to identify common success criteria that can be measured and controlled in the projects. Achieving the project goal, customer satisfaction regarding the quality of the activities, and knowledge generation turned out to be the most important criteria for PMs and stakeholders

Identification of Key Performance Indicators in Project-Based Organisations through the Lean Approach

For the time being, companies and organisations are being forced to compete in utterly complex and globalised environments, facing massive natural, economic, and technological challenges on a daily basis. Addressing these challenges would be impossible without a proper approach that helps them identify, measure, understand, and control the performance of their organisations. Lean principles and techniques rise as a solution. This paper justifies and proposes the use of lean principles and techniques to identify key performance indicators (KPIs) in project-based organisations based on their organisational and operational needs. The research focuses mainly on the identification and categorisation of KPIs through a qualitative approach, based on systematic literature review (SLR) of performance indicators, project management, and project success. As a case study, an analysis of relevant information of an R&D and innovation project-based organisation, such as quality manuals, a benchmarking process, internal studies, and surveys regarding what success means for different kinds of stakeholders and for the organisation itself was conducted. As a result, this research is of a high value for project-based organisations, especially those that are not apprised of how to correctly formulate a series of KPIs, or whose path to it is still not clear.Authors are grateful to Basque government group IT IT1337-19 and the Spanish Ministry of Science Mineco REF DPI2016-74845-R and project PID2019-109340RB-I00

An architecture for dynamic QoS management at Layer 2 for DOCSIS access networks using OpenFlow

Over the last few years, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged as one of the most disruptive and profitable novelties in networking. SDN was originally conceived to improve performance and reduce costs in Ethernet-based networks and it has been widely adopted in data center and campus networks. Similarly, thanks to the introduction of SDN concepts, access networks will benefit from the higher control, the lower maintenance costs and the better remote access to devices of SDN. However, its application to access networks is not straightforward and imposes great challenges to vendors and network operators, since current SDN technologies are not prepared to handle the provisioning of user equipment, specific port management or QoS requirements of common access networks. Most recent trends dealing with the SDN-ization of access networks advocate for the use of simple devices at the customer premises and the virtualization of the networking functionalities, requiring the provisioning of Layer 2 services in many cases. In such a scenario, this paper presents an architecture that brings SDN to common access networks using legacy equipment. In a nutshell, the architecture is based on the abstraction of the access network as a wide area OpenFlow switch where QoS-enabled pipes are dynamically created leveraging the high granularity of the OpenFlow protocol for packet classification. Furthermore, the OpenFlow protocol itself has been extended in order to support the advanced QoS requirements that are common to most access networks. The architecture has been implemented for DOCSIS access networks and it has been validated and evaluated using a real testbed deployed at our laboratory. The obtained results show that the architecture remains compliant with the ITU-T QoS recommendations and that the cost of introducing the elements required by the architecture in terms of service performance is negligible.European Commission, Seventh Framework Programme, through the ALIEN (317880) project Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Secure deployment of services over SDN and NFV based networks project S&NSEC TEC2013-47960-C4-3-

Egungo trenbideen komunikazio-sistemen erronka: segurtasuna

Railway systems have evolved considerably in the last years with the adop-tion of new communication technologies. Aiming to achieve a single European railway network, the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) was created to sub-stitute the multiple and non-interoperable national railway communication standards. But with the creation of the new system, new challenges in security were created; in fact, closed and unkown systems were replaced by open protocols and known technol-ogies. Therefore, even if improvements have been done, there are still gaps to cover in the field of security.; Trenbide-sistemak asko aldatu dira azken urteotan komunikazio-teknologia berrien sorkuntzarekin batera. Europan, trenbide-sare bakarra izateko nahiarekin, ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System) sistema sortu zen, elkarrekiko bateragarriak ez ziren Europako herrialdeetako kudeaketa-sistema estandar ezberdinak ordezteko. Baina sistema berria sortzearekin batera, segurtasunaren inguruko hainbat erronka berri ere sortu ziren; izan ere, ERTMS aurreko sistema itxi eta ezezagunak protokolo ireki eta teknologia ezagunez ordeztu ziren. Ondorioz, aurrerapausoak eman diren arren, oraindik ere hutsune nabarmenak daude segurtasunaren arloan

Performance evaluation of user applications in the ITS scenario: An analytical assessment of the NeMHIP

International audienceInternet connectivity in the ITS context is a flourishing demand that has to be covered by efficient information and communication technologies. Thanks to the provision of this connectivity, not only end users will profit from communication services, but also services for controlling the operation of the vehicle will benefit from the Internet connectivity. Services related to the operation and control of the vehicles exchange sensitive data, so strong security properties have to be ensured for this type of services. In addition, because of the privacy concerns related to the end users, it is desired to provide this kind of services with an adequate security level. From the communication point of view, a vehicle can be regarded as a mobile network where nodes onboard obtain continuous and optimal Internet connectivity, so, its mobility has to be managed. In the same way, network mobility management protocols should not only avoid security leaks, but also they have to ensure an adequate security level. It is needless to say that the introduction of security properties cannot render not fulfilling service performance requirements. In fact, the trade-off between security and application performance is a must. ITS standardisation bodies have adopted the NEtwork MObility Basic Support (NEMO BS) protocol to manage the mobility of networks. However, it still presents shortcomings like lack of security support and routing problems, which leads to a bad performance. One of the most promising design approaches is to consider a base mobility management protocol that provides out of the box security and route optimisation support like the Host Identity Protocol (HIP). Different solutions based on HIP can be found to solve network mobility in the literature, but none of these solutions aim at solving securely and efficiently network mobility management. That is, the provision of security properties to the network mobility management itself and to the end-to-end data communications while not increasing the signalling overhead and the manageability level remains unsolved. In this paper, we present the NeMHIP. NeMHIP is a secure and efficient network mobility management protocol which is based on HIP. In order to demonstrate its feasibility, we have carried out a study by means of analytical modelling to assess the performance of user applications with stringent QoS requirements like VoIP. Results demonstrate that the introduction of the NeMHIP in the ITS context is feasible because security properties are ensured while application performance requirements are satisfied. Therefore, we successfully achieve the trade-off between security and performance

An Adaptable Train-to-Ground Communication Architecture Based on the 5G Technological Enabler SDN

Railway communications are closely impacted by the evolution and availability of new wireless communication technologies. Traditionally, the critical nature of railway services, the long lifecycle of rolling stock, and their certification processes challenge the adoption of the latest communication technologies. A current railway telecom trend to solve this problem is to design a flexible and adaptable communication architecture that enables the detachment of the railway services-at the application layer-and the access technologies underneath, such as 5G and beyond. One of the enablers of this detachment approach is software-defined networking (SDN)-included in 5G architecture-due to its ability to programmatically and dynamically control the network behavior via open interfaces and abstract lower-level functionalities. In this paper, we design a novel railway train-to-ground (T2G) communication architecture based on the 5G technological enabler SDN and on the transport-level redundancy technique multipath TCP (MPTCP). The goal is to provide an adaptable and multitechnology communication service while enhancing the network performance of current systems. MPTCP offers end-to-end (E2E) redundancy by the aggregation of multiple access technologies, and SDN introduces path diversity to offer a resilient and reliable communication. We carry out simulation studies to compare the performance of the legacy communication architecture with our novel approach. The results demonstrate a clear improvement in the failover response time while maintaining and even improving the uplink and downlink overall data rates.This research has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities within the project TEC2017-87061-C3-1-R (CIENCIA/AEI/FEDER, UE)

Host identity protocol based NEMO solutions: an evaluation of the signaling overhead

International audienceWireless networking protocols to be utilized in the near future should consider more sophisticated and challenging scenarios where new requirements have to be fulfilled. NEtwork MObility (NEMO) scenarios are an example of these contexts where several nodes moving together are optimally and continuously connected to the Internet through a single entity. On the other hand, despite Host Mobility and NEMO management solutions address different challenges and necessities, NEMO solutions inherit properties of Host Mobility management protocols. Consequently, challenges arise when end-to-end Host Mobility protocols, such as the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) are considered as the basis of the NEMO solution. In this work we present three different HIP based NEMO protocols and provide a formal analysis of their functionalities. In order to evaluate these protocols we propose a mathematical model, which to the best of our knowledge is the first mathematical model defined for analyzing NEMO management solutions. This formal mathematical modeling facilitates the study of different approaches defined by each protocol to cover NEMO scenarios. The proposed model is utilized to analyze scalability support as well as the dependence on additional parameters by means of studying generated signaling load. Obtained results demonstrate that providing global reachability from the outside network leads to an increased generated signaling load. In addition, the results corroborate that renumbering events should be mitigated in order to reduce signaling overhead

Fundamentals of NeMHIP: an enhanced HIP based NEMO protocol

International audienceThe provision of NEMO support based on an end-to-end protocol presents manageability challenges that are usually overcome delegating the signaling rights to the MR. In addition, whether the protocol is focused on establishing security associations, how these are rekeyed through a proxy-based process with no security threats should be solved. In this work we focus on the HIP protocol and analyze existing HIP based NEMO solutions. Based on found limitations, we outline the fundamentals of our protocol, NeMHIP

Analytical efficiency evaluation of a network mobility management protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems

International audienceOne of the major concerns in an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) scenario, such as that which may be found on a long-distance train service, is the provision of efficient communication services, satisfying users' expectations, and fulfilling even highly demanding application requirements, such as safety-oriented services. In an ITS scenario, it is common to have a significant amount of onboard devices that comprise a cluster of nodes (a mobile network) that demand connectivity to the outside networks. This demand has to be satisfied without service disruption. Consequently, the mobility of the mobile network has to be managed. Due to the nature of mobile networks, efficient and lightweight protocols are desired in the ITS context to ensure adequate service performance. However, the security is also a key factor in this scenario. Since the management of the mobility is essential for providing communications, the protocol for managing this mobility has to be protected. Furthermore, there are safety-oriented services in this scenario, so user application data should also be protected. Nevertheless, providing security is expensive in terms of efficiency. Based on this considerations, we have developed a solution for managing the network mobility for ITS scenarios: the NeMHIP protocol. This approach provides a secure management of network mobility in an efficient manner. In this article, we present this protocol and the strategy developed to maintain its security and efficiency in satisfactory levels. We also present the developed analytical models to analyze quantitatively the efficiency of the protocol. More specifically, we have developed models for assessing it in terms of signaling cost, which demonstrates that NeMHIP generates up to 73.47% less signaling compared to other relevant approaches. Therefore, the results obtained demonstrate that NeMHIP is the most efficient and secure solution for providing communications in mobile network scenarios such as in an ITS context