Full Proceedings

Papers, abstracts and proceedings of the Seventh Annual Himalayan Policy Research Conference, Thursday, October 11, 2012, Madison Concourse Hotel and Governors\u27 Club, Preconference Venue of the 41st South Asian Conference at the University of Wisconsin-Madiso

Medical Waste Storage Practice in Health Care Institutions of Pokhara Sub-metropolitan City

Introduction: Medical wastes include all the waste generated by health care establishments, research facilities, and laboratories. Medi­cal waste is any waste that is generated in the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals, in research pertaining there to or in the productions or testing of biological culture. Methods: The fourteen numbers of health care institutions (HCIs) having inpatient facilities, were sampled for the study. After taking ob­servation, the collected information was entered into a computer. Basi­cally, the percentages, projection analysis, simple average, and scenario analysis were used as an analysis tools. Results: Out of the HCIs surveyed, only 21.43% of them had a separate room assigned for primary storage of all sorts of waste and remaining 78.57% of them had open storage facilities for un-segregated mass of waste nearby the incineration area or open burning area. Conclusion: There was lack of appropriate information on waste stor­age practices, and unaware of designing central storage system in HCIs. In most of the HCIs, a separate storage room was not assigned for stor­age of all sorts of waste. Journal of Gandaki Medical College Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, page: 31-3

Let us conserve and exchange seeds: celebrating traditional crop diversity of the Nepali lowlands

A seed fair is an activity to create awareness about and appreciate local crop diversity, exchange seed and related knowledge, and celebrate farmers’ efforts to conserve agrobiodiversity. It takes considerable time and effort to organize a seed fair. This brief describes the seed fair organized at the Agyauli Community Seedbank, Nawalparasi in the southern region of Nepal. About 30 members of 10 community seedbanks from the terai (the southern lowland) region of Nepal came together for this. Apart from exchanging seeds of traditional crop varieties, they also shared stories about the socio-cultural, religious, spiritual, nutritional and medicinal values of their varieties. The recent formal registration of the Community Seed Banks Association of Nepal (CSBAN) was also celebrated

Dual-initiation promoters with intertwined canonical and TCT/TOP transcription start sites diversify transcript processing

Variations in transcription start site (TSS) selection reflect diversity of preinitiation complexes and can impact on post-transcriptional RNA fates. Most metazoan polymerase II-transcribed genes carry canonical initiation with pyrimidine/purine (YR) dinucleotide, while translation machinery-associated genes carry polypyrimidine initiator (5'-TOP or TCT). By addressing the developmental regulation of TSS selection in zebrafish we uncovered a class of dual-initiation promoters in thousands of genes, including snoRNA host genes. 5'-TOP/TCT initiation is intertwined with canonical initiation and used divergently in hundreds of dual-initiation promoters during maternal to zygotic transition. Dual-initiation in snoRNA host genes selectively generates host and snoRNA with often different spatio-temporal expression. Dual-initiation promoters are pervasive in human and fruit fly, reflecting evolutionary conservation. We propose that dual-initiation on shared promoters represents a composite promoter architecture, which can function both coordinately and divergently to diversify RNAs

Utilisation of Postnatal Care among Rural Women in Nepal

Background: Postnatal care is uncommon in Nepal, and where it is available the quality is often poor. Adequate utilisation of postnatal care can help reduce mortality and morbidity among mothers and their babies. Therefore, our study assessed the utilisation of postnatal care at a rural community level. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in two neighbouring villages in early 2006. A total of 150 women who had delivered in the previous 24 months were asked to participate in the study using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The proportion of women who had received postnatal care after delivery was low (34%). Less than one in five women (19%) received care within 48 hours of giving birth. Women in one village had less access to postnatal care than women in the neighbouring one. Lack of awareness was the main barrier to the utilisation of postnatal care. The woman's own occupation and ethnicity, the number of pregnancies and children and the husband's socio-economic status, occupation and education were significantly associated with the utilisation of postnatal care. Multivariate analysis showed that wealth as reflected in occupation and having attended antenatal are important factors associated with the uptake of postnatal care. In addition, women experiencing health problems appear strongly motivated to seek postnatal care. Conclusion: The postnatal care has a low uptake and is often regarded as inadequate in Nepal. This is an important message to both service providers and health-policy makers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess the actual quality of postnatal care provided. Also there appears to be a need for awareness-raising programmes highlighting the availability of current postnatal care where this is of sufficient quality