The basis of physical chemistry, properties of two-dimensional solids

Advanced surfaces provide opportunities to develop new surface materials and surface technology. The recent development of hyperfine surface structure - clean surface, thin films and nanophase structures – as well as sophisticated analitical tools, opened up atomic/molecular studies of surface phenomena and new application.Physical chemistry 2004 : 7th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 21-23 September 200

Investigation of Cl- and SO42- anion absorption in natural soils

In this paper, the results of vertical chloride and sulphate anions migration in soil are presented. The soil was contaminated with NaCl and CuSO4. Anions migartion were monitored during one hydrological year (425 days). First sample was taken after 150 days and next following sample was taken after 50 days. Before the profile contamination physical and chemical analisys of soil has been done. The obtained results shows that chloride concentration in soil was in the range from 0,67 mgkg-1 up to 11,92 mgkg-1, while sulphate concentration was in the range from 0,65 mgkg-1 up to 9,79 mgkg-1.I Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : 1CSCS-2011 : program and the book of abstracts; March 17-18, 2011; Belgrad

Posledice sniženih standarda u procesu ozakonjenja stambenih zgrada na životnu sredinu i kvalitet života korisnika

The economic power of the population that migrates is below the level that allows the purchase of apartments in towns at market price. Cheaper illegally built residential buildings are most common form of resolving housing issue for this group of people, as evidenced by the fact that illegally built settlements in Belgrade cover as much as 40% of the area determined according to the General urban plan for housing. The Law on the legalization of illegally built facilities provides for the reduced criteria regarding the fulfilment of standards in the field of planning and spatial design. In this sense, it is possible to legalize the residential buildings that are not fully compliant with the Law on planning and construction, which envisages compliance with European standards, energy efficiency, accessibility, adequate quality of construction products and compliance with rules of construction. The above is not in line with the strategies for raising the level of sustainability of construction, which concern reduction of negative environmental impacts, with simultaneous increase of quality of life in the built environment. Having in mind the above, this paper analyzes possible deviation from standards foreseen by the Law on planning and construction in the process of legalization, as well as the consequences of applying this principle on the environment and quality of life of users of residential space. The paper points out the necessity of improvement of legal acts, that is, the process of legalization, which would also take into account the possibility of additional requirements for meeting the standards, especially regarding the aspects that can be improved with additional investments

Morphological and structural properties of silver and gold nanoparticles obtained by ion implantation in high density polyethylene

У овој докторској дисертацији су испитана морфолошка и структурнасвојства наночестица сребра и злата које су добијене јонском имплантацијом уполиетилен велике густине (HDPE). Поред основних својстава испитане су ипотенцијалне примене ових материјала као и њихово понашање у реалнимусловима. Јони сребра и злата имплантирани су дозама од 1.1015, 5.1015 и1.1016 јона/cm2 и енергијама од 50, 100, 150 и 200 keV. Избор ових доза иенергија су последица детаљних истраживања о могућностима постизањаоптималних наноструктурних својстава система метал – полимер.Прелиминарни прорачуни пројектованих домета, расподеле јона,енергетских губитака и потенцијалних радијационих оштећења извршени супрограмским пакетом SRIM (Stopping Range of Ions in Matters). Имплантиранејонске врсте у полимерној основи су потврђене методама Рендгенскедифракције (XRD), Масене спектрометрије (ICP – MS), Рендгенскефотоелектронске спектроскопије (XPS) и трансмисионе и сканирајућеелектронске микроскопије (TEM, SEM). Оптичка својства и степен активацијеполимера наночестицама сребра и злата испитивани су спектроскопскомелипсометријом (SE). Узорци HDPE са инкорпорираним наноструктурнимчестицама даље су карактерисане следећим методама: Микроскопијом у пољуатомских сила (AFM), применом тачкастог (tapping mode) и фазног начинаснимања (phase mode) извршене су топографска и фазна анализа променанасталих на површини HDPE; Промене у структури попречног пресека као ианализе зона радијационог оштећења праћене су микроскопијом сапроменљиво - контролисаном силом (AFM – FMM) заснованој наконтролисаним осцилацијама на областима различите вискозности уматеријалу. Анализом функције спектра снаге (PSD) испитане су површинске појаве настале јонском имплантацијом и представљени су основни механизмиреакција на површини анализом нагиба PSD функције. Додатне информације оповршинским својствима и адхезивности површина добијених јонскомимплантацијом добијене су мерењем контактног угла и израчунавањемповршинске енергије. Разлике у дозама имплантације као и енергијамаусловиле су настанак површина различитих поларности и афинитета.Промене у хемијском саставу површине потврђене су методоминфрацрвене спектроскопије FTIR-ATR (FTIR - attenuated total reflectance), гдеје уочен настанак нових хемијских веза услед јонске имплантације.Симулација услова реалне експлоатације извршена је у озон генераторуу току од 2 сата. Узорци имплантирани јонима злата различитих енергијапоказали су различиту отпорност на дејство озона. Најстабилнији међу њима јеузорак имплантиран јонима злата енергије 150 keV. Наноструктурни системиметал полимер испитани су на инхибицију на два најчешћа клиничкамикроорганизма S. aureus и E. coli. Због своје потенцијалне примене убиомедицини веома је важно испитати понашање ових система умикробиолошки непожељним срединама. Истраживања су показала да су јонисребра и злата добри инхибитори у случају S. aureus док је за инхибицију E. coliполимерни материјал потребно додатно оплеменити неким антибиотицима илибиоцидима.In this doctoral dissertation the morphological and structural properties ofsilver and gold nanoparticles, obtained by ion implantation in high densitypolyethylene (HDPE) have been studied. In addition to the basic properties, potentialapplications of these materials and their behavior were also investigated in realconditions. Silver and gold ions have been implanted with doses of 1.1015, 5.1015 and1.1016 ions/cm2 and energies of 50, 100, 150 and 200 keV. The selection of thedoses and energies were the result of detailed research on the possibilities ofachieving optimal properties of nanostructured systems metal - polymer.Preliminary calculations of the projected range, distribution of ions, energyloss and potential radiation damage were performed using software package SRIM(Stopping Range of Ions in Matters). The presence of implanted ion species in thepolymer matrix was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mass spectrometry ICP –MS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmition and scanning electronmicroscopy (TEM, SEM). Optical properties and the degree of the polymer activationwith nanoparticles of silver and gold were performed using spectroscopicellipsometry (SE). Confirmed nanostructured particles incorporated in the polymermatrix are further characterized by the following methods: Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM), using the tapping mode and phase mode for topographic and phase analysisof the changes on the HDPE surface; Changes in the cross section as well as theanalysis of radiation damage zone were performed using Force ModulationMicroscopy (AFM – FMM), based on the controlled oscillations in areas with differentviscosities in the material. Power Spectral Density (PSD) was used for theinvestigation of the surface phenomena caused by ion implantation and presentedthe basic surface reactions mechanisms analysing the slope of PSD functions.Additional information on surface properties and surface adhesion obtained by ionimplantation were obtained using the Contact Angle Measurement (CAM) and calculating the free surface energy. Differences in the implantation doses andenergies have caused the formation of different surface polarity and affinity.Changes in the chemical composition of the surface were confirmed usinginfrared spectroscopy FTIR-ATR (FTIR - attenuated total reflectance), where newchemical bonds are obtained due to ion implantation.Simulation of the conditions of the real operation was performed in the ozonegenerator during the 2 hours. Samples implanted with gold ions of different energiesshowed different resistance to ozone. The most stable among them was the goldimplanted sample with the energy of 150 keV. Nanostructured metal – polymersystems were tested for inhibition of the two most common clinical microorganism S.aureus and E. coli. Because of their potential applications in biomedicine it is veryimportant to examine the behavior of these systems in microbiological undesirableareas. The obtained results have shown that silver and gold ions are good inhibitorsin the case of S. aureus, while for the inhibition of E. coli, polymeric material shouldbe further enhanced using certain antibiotics or biocides

Morphological and structural properties of silver and gold nanoparticles obtained by ion implantation in high density polyethylene

У овој докторској дисертацији су испитана морфолошка и структурна својства наночестица сребра и злата које су добијене јонском имплантацијом у полиетилен велике густине (HDPE). Поред основних својстава испитане су и потенцијалне примене ових материјала као и њихово понашање у реалним условима. Јони сребра и злата имплантирани су дозама од 1.1015, 5.1015 и 1.1016 јона/cm2 и енергијама од 50, 100, 150 и 200 keV. Избор ових доза и енергија су последица детаљних истраживања о могућностима постизања оптималних наноструктурних својстава система метал – полимер. Прелиминарни прорачуни пројектованих домета, расподеле јона, енергетских губитака и потенцијалних радијационих оштећења извршени су програмским пакетом SRIM (Stopping Range of Ions in Matters). Имплантиране јонске врсте у полимерној основи су потврђене методама Рендгенске дифракције (XRD), Масене спектрометрије (ICP – MS), Рендгенске фотоелектронске спектроскопије (XPS) и трансмисионе и сканирајуће електронске микроскопије (TEM, SEM). Оптичка својства и степен активације полимера наночестицама сребра и злата испитивани су спектроскопском елипсометријом (SE). Узорци HDPE са инкорпорираним наноструктурним честицама даље су карактерисане следећим методама: Микроскопијом у пољу атомских сила (AFM), применом тачкастог (tapping mode) и фазног начина снимања (phase mode) извршене су топографска и фазна анализа промена насталих на површини HDPE; Промене у структури попречног пресека као и анализе зона радијационог оштећења праћене су микроскопијом са променљиво - контролисаном силом (AFM – FMM) заснованој на контролисаним осцилацијама на областима различите вискозности у материјалу. Анализом функције спектра снаге (PSD) испитане су површинске појаве настале јонском имплантацијом и представљени су основни механизми реакција на површини анализом нагиба PSD функције. Додатне информације о површинским својствима и адхезивности површина добијених јонском имплантацијом добијене су мерењем контактног угла и израчунавањем површинске енергије. Разлике у дозама имплантације као и енергијама условиле су настанак површина различитих поларности и афинитета. Промене у хемијском саставу површине потврђене су методом инфрацрвене спектроскопије FTIR-ATR (FTIR - attenuated total reflectance), где је уочен настанак нових хемијских веза услед јонске имплантације. Симулација услова реалне експлоатације извршена је у озон генератору у току од 2 сата. Узорци имплантирани јонима злата различитих енергија показали су различиту отпорност на дејство озона. Најстабилнији међу њима је узорак имплантиран јонима злата енергије 150 keV. Наноструктурни системи метал полимер испитани су на инхибицију на два најчешћа клиничка микроорганизма S. aureus и E. coli. Због своје потенцијалне примене у биомедицини веома је важно испитати понашање ових система у микробиолошки непожељним срединама. Истраживања су показала да су јони сребра и злата добри инхибитори у случају S. aureus док је за инхибицију E. coli полимерни материјал потребно додатно оплеменити неким антибиотицима или биоцидима.In this doctoral dissertation the morphological and structural properties of silver and gold nanoparticles, obtained by ion implantation in high density polyethylene (HDPE) have been studied. In addition to the basic properties, potential applications of these materials and their behavior were also investigated in real conditions. Silver and gold ions have been implanted with doses of 1.1015, 5.1015 and 1.1016 ions/cm2 and energies of 50, 100, 150 and 200 keV. The selection of the doses and energies were the result of detailed research on the possibilities of achieving optimal properties of nanostructured systems metal - polymer. Preliminary calculations of the projected range, distribution of ions, energy loss and potential radiation damage were performed using software package SRIM (Stopping Range of Ions in Matters). The presence of implanted ion species in the polymer matrix was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mass spectrometry ICP – MS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmition and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM). Optical properties and the degree of the polymer activation with nanoparticles of silver and gold were performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Confirmed nanostructured particles incorporated in the polymer matrix are further characterized by the following methods: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), using the tapping mode and phase mode for topographic and phase analysis of the changes on the HDPE surface; Changes in the cross section as well as the analysis of radiation damage zone were performed using Force Modulation Microscopy (AFM – FMM), based on the controlled oscillations in areas with different viscosities in the material. Power Spectral Density (PSD) was used for the investigation of the surface phenomena caused by ion implantation and presented the basic surface reactions mechanisms analysing the slope of PSD functions. Additional information on surface properties and surface adhesion obtained by ion implantation were obtained using the Contact Angle Measurement (CAM) and calculating the free surface energy. Differences in the implantation doses and energies have caused the formation of different surface polarity and affinity. Changes in the chemical composition of the surface were confirmed using infrared spectroscopy FTIR-ATR (FTIR - attenuated total reflectance), where new chemical bonds are obtained due to ion implantation. Simulation of the conditions of the real operation was performed in the ozone generator during the 2 hours. Samples implanted with gold ions of different energies showed different resistance to ozone. The most stable among them was the gold implanted sample with the energy of 150 keV. Nanostructured metal – polymer systems were tested for inhibition of the two most common clinical microorganism S. aureus and E. coli. Because of their potential applications in biomedicine it is very important to examine the behavior of these systems in microbiological undesirable areas. The obtained results have shown that silver and gold ions are good inhibitors in the case of S. aureus, while for the inhibition of E. coli, polymeric material should be further enhanced using certain antibiotics or biocides

Microstructural Analysis of Thermally Treated Geopolymer Incorporated with Neodymium

The following investigation presents the thermal treatment of geopolymer based on metakaolin, with the addition of 1% and 5% of neodymium in the form Nd2O3, at 300˚C, 600˚C and 900˚C. Six samples were synthesized in total. Samples GT1 and GT2 containing 1% and 5% of Nd2O3, and they were treated at 300˚C, while the samples GT3 and GT4 also had the same percentage composition of Nd2O3 and were treated at 600˚C, and the samples GT5 and GT6 were treated at 900˚C with the same percentage of Nd2O3. Physical and chemical changes in the aluminosilicate geopolymer matrix were monitored. The incorporation of rare earths into the polymer network of aluminosilicates has been proven to disrupt the basic structure of geopolymers, however, with increased temperature, these materials show even more unusual properties. DRIFT was employed to investigate the structural properties of thermally treated geopolymers. Additionally, TEM provided further insight into the structural changes induced by thermal treatment and Nd2O3 doping. SEM was used to observe the effect of thermal treatment temperature (300˚C and 600˚C) on geopolymer porosity, which resulted in the appearance of large pores and cracks in the material. The UV/Vis spectra of the synthesized Nd3+ doped geopolymers exhibited attractive optical properties. The photoexcitation of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band in the geopolymer structure is responsible for the absorbance observed at 260 nm, while the minor peaks at slightly longer wavelengths can be linked to Nd3

Biocompatible nanostructure materials

Materials suitable for medical systems have always been the product of interdisciplinary collaboration between material and biological science. As well as different area of physics and chemistry. For medical application materials must not damage blood cells or bones and must be resistant. Some implant materials for chemical bonds can be stabilized by implantation of different elements or deposition of very thin films. In this work we presented some results for replacement of damaged human tissues.Physical chemistry 2008 : 9th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 24-28 September 200

Investigation of Cl- and So4 2- anion absorption in natural soils

In this paper, the results of vertical migration of chloride and sulphate anions in soil are presented. The soil was contaminated with NaCl and CuSO4. Anions migration were monitored during one hydrological year (425 days). The first sample was taken after 150 days and afterwards samples were taken every 50 days. Before the profile contamination physical and chemical analyses of soil have been done. The obtained results show that chloride concentration in soil was in the range from 0.67 mg/kg up to 11.92 mg/kg, while sulphate concentration was in the range from 0.65 mg/kg up to 9.79 mg/kg

Structural and optical properties of HDPE implanted with medium fluences silver ions

The implantation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been conducted using Ag+ ions with energy of 60 keV, achieved fluences 1.5 and 10•1015 ions/cm2. Transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and field emission gun - scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) showed the existence of nanoparticle clusters. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of silver in the sample surface region. The surface topography was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), while the surface composition uniformity was analyzed using phase imaging AFM. Optical characterization obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) showed changes in refractive index, extinction coefficient and the optical band gap with the fluence of implanted ions

Radiological and structural analysis of aluminosilicate materials incorporated with samarium (III)-oxide

This study focused on analyzing samples of aluminosilicate materials in which different percentages of samarium (III)-oxide were incorporated. Basic samples and thermally treated samples at 600 °C were analyzed. Introducing samarium (III)-oxide into the polymer matrix of aluminosilicates has been demonstrated to alter the fundamental structure of aluminosilicate materials. Interestingly, at elevated temperatures, these materials exhibit even more distinctive properties. The gamma ray spectrometric analysis results were used to conduct radiological analysis. Different methods monitor physico-chemical changes within the aluminosilicate materials. By introducing Sm3+ into the aluminosilicate matrix, the basic structure of the aluminosilicate is disturbed. The DRIFT method was used to analyze the structural properties. The analysis of the microstructural properties of the selected samples was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and enabled the examination of the fine details of the structure of the materials thermally treated at 600 °C which resulted in the appearance of significant pores and cracks in the material.Twenty-First Young Researchers’ Conference - Materials Science and Engineering: Program and the Book of Abstracts; November 29 – December 1, 2023, Belgrade, Serbi