Modelling an off-grid integrated renewable energy system for rural electrification in India using photovoltaics and anaerobic digestion

This work describes the design optimisation and techno-economic analysis of an offgrid Integrated Renewable Energy System (IRES) designed to meet the electrical demand of a rural village location in West Bengal – India with an overall electrical requirement equivalent to 22 MWh year-1. The investigation involved the modelling of seven scenarios, each containing a different combination of electricity generation (anaerobic digestion with biogas combined heat and power (CHP) and photovoltaics) and storage elements (Vanadium redox batteries, water electrolyser and hydrogen storage with fuel cell). Microgrid modelling software HOMER was combined with additional modelling of anaerobic digestion, to scale each component in each scenario considering the systems' ability to give a good quality electricity supply to a rural community. The integrated system which contained all of the possible elements including except hydrogen production and storage presented the lowest capital ($US 71k) and energy cost ($US 0.289 kWh-1) compared to the scenarios with a single energy source. The biogas CHP was able to meet the electrical load peaks and variations and produced 61% of the total electricity in the optimised system, while the photovoltaics met the daytime load and allowed the charging of the battery which was subsequently used to meet base load at night

A current and future state of art development of hybrid energy system using wind and PV-solar: A review

The wind and solar energy are omnipresent, freely available, and environmental friendly. The wind energy systems may not be technically viable at all sites because of low wind speeds and being more unpredictable than solar energy. The combined utilization of these renewable energy sources are therefore becoming increasingly attractive and are being widely used as alternative of oil-produced energy. Economic aspects of these renewable energy technologies are sufficiently promising to include them for rising power generation capability in developing countries. A renewable hybrid energy system consists of two or more energy sources, a power conditioning equipment, a controller and an optional energy storage system. These hybrid energy systems are becoming popular in remote area power generation applications due to advancements in renewable energy technologies and substantial rise in prices of petroleum products. Research and development efforts in solar, wind, and other renewable energy technologies are required to continue for, improving their performance, establishing techniques for accurately predicting their output and reliably integrating them with other conventional generating sources. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of the design, operation and control requirement of the stand-alone PV solar-wind hybrid energy systems with conventional backup source i.e. diesel or grid. This Paper also highlights the future developments, which have the potential to increase the economic attractiveness of such systems and their acceptance by the user.Hybrid energy systems PV-solar Wind Pre-feasibility Modeling Optimization Controller

Minimization of green house gases emission by using hybrid energy system for telephony base station site application

Cellular mobile service is a rapidly expanding and a very competitive business worldwide, including developing countries. This paper proposes that the suitable alternative solution of grid power is the stand-alone PV/wind hybrid energy system with diesel generator as a backup for cellular mobile telephony base station site in isolated areas. It is expected that the newly developed and installed system would provide very good opportunities for mobile telephony base station in near future. In addition, protecting the environment and combating climate change are two of the most pressing challenges facing humankind. As energy prices soar, network operators are increasingly scrutinizing their environmental and social responsibilities. This system will be more cost effective and environmental friendly over the conventional diesel generator. Approximately 70-80% fuel cost over conventional diesel generator and the emission of CO2 and other harmful gasses in environments were reduced.Hybrid energy systems Mobile telecom base station Wind turbine PV-solar Green house gases emissions

Optimization of solar energy using MPPT techniques and industry 4.0 modelling

Solar energy is the energy discharged by the sun in the form of radiation of light which is then utilized by human beings using a diversity of method such as photovoltaic cells. It is unlimited source of energy such as solar energy does not belongs to anybody and so it is at no cost. The quantity of solar energy acknowledged by the world was considered to be 3000–50,000 EJ, which is much superior to the total world energy utilization of 600 EJ. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) can be integrated in controlling charge and further used to take out highest extractable and obtainable output from photovoltaic cells depending on few circumstances. The particular input for Photovoltaic module is capable of generating highest possible output power is called MPP (Maximum power point) or highest voltage. Maximum power changes with Sun's energy parameter of required temperature of PV module. Along with dissimilar tracking technique with P-O methods etc. Furthermore, several components were used to compute input parameters which had their own uncertainty. This uncertainty was removed by using devices equipped with sensors comprising of industry 4.0 techniques. The values were delivered back by sensors enabling error free solar energy estimation. This delivers admirable outcome and hence are employed. This system can be developed for charge controller by employing a microcontroller-based circuit for DC-DC buck converter and introducing MPPT

Impact Factor (PIF): 2.365 Global Journal of Advance Engineering Technologies and Sciences PERFORMANCE OF WIMAX 802.16e MIMO OFDM SYSTEM USING 2×2 ALAMOUTI SCHEME

ABSTRACT The new area of wireless communication technology, currently employed in some parts of the world, is Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX). It is the latest 4G-technology which is approved by IEEE 802.16 group, which is a standard for point to multipoint wireless networking. The multipoint MIMO-OFDM system is a key technology for next-generation cellular communications (Mobile WiMAX, IMT Advanced) as well as Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), wireless Local Area Network (IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11n) and broadcasting (DAB, DVB). In this paper analysis of the multiple antenna technologies MIMO-OFDM system under different combination of modulation technologies like BPSK, QPSK, 8-QAM and 16-QAM and Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) Channel with a new scheme Alamouti used and the performance results shows under the bit error rate (BER) versus signal to noise ratio (SNR)