729 research outputs found
Small and large scale behavior of moments of poisson cluster processes
Get PDFPoisson cluster processes are special point processes that find use in modeling Internet traffic, neural spike trains, computer failure times and other real-life phenomena. The focus of this work is on the various moments and cumulants of Poisson cluster processes, and specifically on their behavior at small and large scales. Under suitable assumptions motivated by the multiscale behavior of Internet traffic, it is shown that all these various quantities satisfy scale free (scaling) relations at both small and large scales. Only some of these relations turn out to carry information about salient model parameters of interest, and consequently can be used in the inference of the scaling behavior of Poisson cluster processes. At large scales, the derived results complement those available in the literature on the distributional convergence of normalized Poisson cluster processes, and also bring forward a more practical interpretation of the so-called slow and fast growth regimes. Finally, the results are applied to a real data trace from Internet traffic.NSA grant [H98230-13-1-0220]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Comparison of Catch and Fish Interest in Surface LED Lights and Underwater LED Lights at FADs around Rafts in Manado Bay
Get PDFManado Bay waters is one of the water areas in North Sulawesi that has potential fishery resources, with fishing efforts using rafts mounted on surface electric lights. For high FAD usefulness, the light used must be able to collect fish that are at great distances both horizontally and vertically. The purpose of this study was to obtain the composition of the fish caught and how much the fish was determined to be when the raft was without lights in the water and when the raft was equipped with lights in the water. The method used was an experiment using 2 (two) types of lights, namely electric surface lights and LED lights in water, and 3 (three) types of fishing gear, namely fishing rods, ring seines and nets). The types of fish caught were dominated by selar fish (Selaroides sp), moonfish (Lampris guttaus), Trevally fish (Caranx sp) and squid (Loligo sp). The fish's interest in the light was observed since the first 15 minutes the lights were turned on, and were around 4 to 6 meters and the longer they were getting closer to the lights for about 1 hour the fish would cluster around the raft for about 2-4 meters.
Keywords: FAD, Underwater lamp, Manado Bay.
Abstrak
Perairan Teluk Manado merupakan salah satu kawasan perairan di Sulawesi Utara yang memiliki sumberdaya perikanan yang potensial, dengan usaha penangkapan ikan dengan alat bantu rakit yang dipasang lampu listrik permukaan. Untuk daya gunanya rumpon yang tinggi, maka cahaya yang digunakan harus mampu mengumpulkan ikan yang berada pada jarak yang jauh baik horisontal maupun vertikal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan komposisi hasil tangkapan ikan dan berapa dalam ketetapan ikan saat rakit tanpa lampu dalam air dan saat rakit dilengkapi lampu dalam air Metode yang digunakan adalah experimen dengan menggunakan 2 (dua) tipe lampu yakni lampu listrik permukaan dan lampu LED dalam air, dan 3 (tiga) jenis alat tangkap yakni pancing, pukat cincin dan jaring). Jenis ikan yang tertangkap didominasi berturut-turut oleh ikan selar (Selaroides sp), ikan moonfish (Lampris guttaus), ikan bobara (Caranx sp) dan cumi-cumi (Loligo sp). Ketertarikan ikan pada cahaya lampu teramati sejak 15 menit pertama dinyalakan lampu, dan berada di sekitar 4 sampai 6 meter dan semakin lama akan semakin mendekat ke lampu kira kira selama 1 jam ikan akan bergerombol di sekitar rakit sekitar 2 – 4 meter.
Kata Kunci: Rakit, Lampu Dalam AIr, Teluk Manado
Pengaruh warna lampu light emitting diode dalam air terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan Teri (Stolephorus commersonii) dengan bagan
Get PDFLift nets is one of the fishing gear which operate at the night. This fishing gear are using light as a aids to attract fish into the fishing area. Research on the use of LED lights in water on lift nets is carried out in Tateli Weru Waters, with the aim to see how the effect of using different color underwater LED lights on anchovy catches (Stolephorus commersonii), and knowing the amount of anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii) catch on lift net using the experimental method, where data is analyzed using Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD), and continued by Least Significant Difference test (LSD). Trial of anchovy fishing (Stolephorus commersonii) was conducted in December 2018 for 10 days by operating boat lift nets using green, blue and green-blue LED lights. The results showed that the use of LED light colors in blue water had a very significant effect on the amount of anchovy catch (Stolephorus comersonii) compared to to the color of LED lights in green-blue and green water. Whereas the use of LED light colors in blue-green water with green is not statistically significantly different from the amount of anchovy caught (Stolephorus comersonii).ABSTRAKBagan merupakan salah satu alat penangkapan ikan yang dioperasikan pada malam hari. Alat tangkap ini menggunakan cahaya lampu sebagai alat bantu untuk menarik ikan masuk ke dalam area penangkapan. Penelitian mengenai penggunaan lampu LED dalam air pada bagan dilakukan di Perairan Tateli Weru, dengan tujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan lampu LED bawah air dengan warna yang berbeda terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan teri (Stolephorus commersonii), serta mengetahui jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan teri (Stolephorus commersonii) pada bagan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimental, dimana data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Uji coba penangkapan ikan teri (Stolephorus commersonii) dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018 selama 10 hari dengan mengoperasikan bagan apung menggunakan lampu LED hijau, biru dan hijau-biru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan warna lampu LED dalam air biru memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan teri (Stolephorus comersonii) dibandingkan warna lampu LED dalam air hijau-biru dan hijau. Sedangkan antara penggunaan warna lampu LED dalam air hijau-biru dengan hijau secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata terhadap jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan teri (Stolephorus comersonii)
DNA-like class R inhibitory oligonucleotides (INH-ODNs) preferentially block autoantigen-induced B-cell and dendritic cell activation in vitro and autoantibody production in lupus-prone MRL-Faslpr/lpr mice in vivo
Get PDFINTRODUCTION. B cells have many different roles in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ranging from autoantigen recognition and processing to effector functions (for example, autoantibody and cytokine secretion). Recent studies have shown that intracellular nucleic acid-sensing receptors, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9, play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Dual engagement of rheumatoid factor-specific AM14 B cells through the B-cell receptor (BCR) and TLR7/9 results in marked proliferation of autoimmune B cells. Thus, strategies to preferentially block innate activation through TLRs in autoimmune B cells may be preferred over non-selective B-cell depletion. METHODS. We have developed a new generation of DNA-like compounds named class R inhibitory oligonucleotides (INH-ODNs). We tested their effectiveness in autoimmune B cells and interferon-alpha-producing dendritic cells in vitro and in lupus-prone MRL-Faslpr/lpr mice in vivo. RESULTS. Class R INH-ODNs have 10- to 30-fold higher inhibitory potency when autoreactive B cells are synergistically activated through the BCR and associated TLR7 or 9 than when stimulation occurs via non-BCR-engaged TLR7/9. Inhibition of TLR9 requires the presence of both CCT and GGG triplets in an INH-ODN, whereas the inhibition of the TLR7 pathway appears to be sequence-independent but dependent on the phosphorothioate backbone. This difference was also observed in the MRL-Faslpr/lpr mice in vivo, where the prototypic class R INH-ODN was more effective in curtailing abnormal autoantibody secretion and prolonging survival. CONCLUSIONS. The increased potency of class R INH-ODNs for autoreactive B cells and dendritic cells may be beneficial for lupus patients by providing pathway-specific inhibition yet allowing them to generate protective immune response when needed.National Institutes of Health (AI047374, AI064736); Alliance for Lupus Researc
Prevalence and risk factors to HIV-infection amongst health care workers within public and private health facilities in Cameroon.
Get PDFIntroduction: This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among health care workers (HCWs) and to evaluate some risks factors for HCWs. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study amongst HCWs in public and private healthcare facilities within seven regions amongst the 10 found in Cameroon. We collected data from 446 HCWs within 150 healthcare facilities. We used questionnaires for interviews and biological sampling for HIV test. Results: HIV prevalence was 2.61% (95% CI: 1.32% - 4.61%) regardless of gender and age. HCWs in private health facilities were more infected compared to those in public health facilities 5.00% vs 1.40% (p = 0.028); OR = 3.7 (95% CI: 1.01-12.90). HCWs who had never screened for HIV had a high risk of being infected OR = 7.05 (95% CI: 2.05-24.47). 44.62% of HCWs reported to have been victim of an Accidental Exposure to Blood (AEB). Amongst them, 45.80% in public HF versus 32.1% in private HF reported to have received an HIV screening and Post Exposure Prophylaxis following this incident. 4.20% of HCW victim of AEB were HIV positive, and 36.40% of HCWs had appropriate capacity training for HIV patient care. Conclusion: Though the HIV prevalence in HCWs is lower than in the general population 2.61% vs 4.3%, there is a high risk of infection as we observed a relatively high percentage of AEB amongst HCWs with an HIV prevalence of 4.20%. There is thus, a need in strengthening the capacity and provide psychosocial support to HCWs
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