Camp Roosevelt: A Case Study of the NYA in Florida

In April 1940, Life magazine\u27s cover story on Government and Youth updated an article the magazine had published on the youth problem in 1936. The cover featured a photograph of Mabel Sealey, an enrollee at Camp Roosevelt, a National Youth Administration (NYA) resident project in Ocala, Florida. The accompanying article, presented the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) as boys\u27 work relief, while the NYA provided relief for girls.1 In the gendered language of the narrative and the photographic images, the masculine CCC project accomplished important work such as fire fighting and tree planting, while teaching its enrollees military discipline and job skills. The same article presented the NYA as overtly feminine, with photographs of girls setting tables, playing volleyball, and milling about camp. The cover, a portrait of a pretty young woman sitting in the grass, a Valentine pin attached to her sweater, drove home the point that relief work for girls upheld social values expressed in femininity and traditional female roles associated with marriage and family

Welfare and Distributional Effects of Road Pricing Schemes for Metropolitan Washington, DC

Economists have long advocated congestion pricing as an efficient way of allocating scarce roadway capacity. However, with a few exceptions, congestion tolls are rarely used in practice and strongly opposed by the public and elected officials. Although high implementation costs and privacy issues are alleviated as appropriate technologies are developed, the concerns that congestion pricing will adversely affect low-income travelers remain. In this paper, we use a strategic transportation planning model calibrated for the Washington, DC, metropolitan area to compare the welfare and distributional effects of three pricing schemes: value pricing (HOT lanes), limited congestion pricing, and comprehensive congestion pricing. We find that social welfare gains from HOT lanes amount to three-quarters of those from the comprehensive road pricing. At the same time, a HOT lanes policy turns out to be much more equitable than other road pricing schemes, with all income groups strictly benefiting even before the toll revenue is recycled.traffic congestion, congestion pricing, value pricing, HOT lanes, HOV lanes

Appendix to Reshaped for Higher Order Learning: Student Outcomes in the Redesign of an Undergraduate Macroeconomics Course

This is an online appendix to accompany Reshaped for Higher Order Learning: Student Outcomes in the Redesign of an Undergraduate Macroeconomics Course

Centering a DDR Strobe in the Middle of a Data Packet

The Orion CEV Northstar ASIC (application- specific integrated circuit) project required a DDR (double data rate) memory bus driver/receiver (DDR PHY block) to interface with external DDR memory. The DDR interface (JESD79C) is based on a source synchronous strobe (DQS\) that is sent along with each packet of data (DQ). New data is provided concurrently with each edge of strobe and is sent irregularly. In order to capture this data, the strobe needs to be delayed and used to latch the data into a register. A circuit solves the need for training a DDR PRY block by incorporating a PVT-compensated delay element in the strobe path. This circuit takes an external reference clock signal and uses the regular clock to calibrate a known delay through a data path. The compensated delay DQS signal is then used to capture the DQ data in a normal register. This register structure can be configured as a FIFO (first in first out), in order to transfer data from the DDR domain to the system clock domain. This design is different in that it does not rely upon the need for training the system response, nor does it use a PLL (phase locked loop) or a DLL (delay locked loop) to provide an offset of the strobe signal. The circuit is created using standard ASIC building blocks, plus the PVT (process, voltage, and temperature) compensated delay line. The design uses a globally available system clock as a reference, alleviating the need to operate synchronously with the remote memory. The reference clock conditions the PVT compensated delay line to provide a pre-determined amount of delay to any data signal that passes through this delay line. The delay line is programmed in degrees of offset, so that one could think of the clock period representing 360deg of delay. In an ideal environment, delaying the strobe 1/4 of a clock cycle (90deg) would place the strobe in the middle of the data packet. This delayed strobe can then be used to clock the data into a register, satisfying setup and hold requirements of the system

Knowledge-based vision and simple visual machines

The vast majority of work in machine vision emphasizes the representation of perceived objects and events: it is these internal representations that incorporate the 'knowledge' in knowledge-based vision or form the 'models' in model-based vision. In this paper, we discuss simple machine vision systems developed by artificial evolution rather than traditional engineering design techniques, and note that the task of identifying internal representations within such systems is made difficult by the lack of an operational definition of representation at the causal mechanistic level. Consequently, we question the nature and indeed the existence of representations posited to be used within natural vision systems (i.e. animals). We conclude that representations argued for on a priori grounds by external observers of a particular vision system may well be illusory, and are at best place-holders for yet-to-be-identified causal mechanistic interactions. That is, applying the knowledge-based vision approach in the understanding of evolved systems (machines or animals) may well lead to theories and models that are internally consistent, computationally plausible, and entirely wrong

CICE Magazine, No. 6

The Conference as Classroom RPNC what? A Message from the Campus Trans Advocacy and Inclusion Committee The Feeling of Being Uprooted Religion & Mandy\u27s Meals: Restaurant Review of Cho Dang The Myth of Thanksgivinghttps://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/cicemagazine/1005/thumbnail.jp

Tests of Spurious Transport in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

We have performed a series of systematic tests to evaluate the effects of spurious transport in three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) calculations. Our tests investigate (i) particle diffusion, (ii) shock heating, (iii) numerical viscosity, and (iv) angular momentum transport. The results are useful for quantifying the accuracy of the SPH scheme, especially for problems where shear flows or shocks are present, as well as for problems where true hydrodynamic mixing is relevant. We examine the different forms of artificial viscosity (AV) which have been proposed by Monaghan, by Hernquist & Katz, and by Balsara. For each form, our tests suggest a single set of values for the AV parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta$ (coefficients of the linear and quadratic terms) which are appropriate in a large number of situations. We also discuss how these parameters should be adjusted depending on the goals of the particular application. We find that both the Hernquist & Katz and Balsara forms introduce relatively small amounts of numerical viscosity. Furthermore, both Monaghan's and Balsara's AV do well at treating shocks and at limiting the amount of spurious mixing. For these reasons, we endorse the Balsara AV for use in a broad range of applications.Comment: 49 pages, 26 figures as 30 postscript files, submitted to The Journal of Computational Physic

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Characterization of Whole and Fragmented Wild-Type Porcine IgG

Glycoproteomic analyses of tryptic (glyco)peptides from wild-type (WT) porcine IgG were performed. In a first protocol, intact antibody was digested with trypsin, followed by glycopeptide enrichment and liquid chromatography-tandem MS (HPLC–MS/MS). This procedure allowed to detect N-glycopeptides observed previously (Lopez, P. G. et al., Glycoconj. J. 2016, 33 (1), 79), plus other non-reported N-glycopeptides. The method provided useful information but did not allow to discern between Fab (antigen-binding region) and Fc (constant region, fragment crystallizable) peptides/glycopeptides. In a second scheme, glycoproteomic analysis was attempted for Fab and Fc fragments obtained by papain and Fabulous™ hydrolysis. Usually employed for milligram amounts of antibodies, the papain and Fabulous™ protocols were adapted to 200 μg of WT IgG. Fab and Fc fragments were separated by size-exclusion (SEC) HPLC. Fractions collected were reanalyzed by gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Bands were excised, and fragments digested in-gel, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS and HPLC/MS–MS. In the protocol no glycopeptide enrichment was involved, that is, whole tryptic digests were analyzed. Fc N-glycopeptides were identified, and greater numbers of non-glycosylated peptides were tabulated. Very few peptides overlapped between Fc and Fab, as most peptides were clearly from Fc or Fab. HPLC-MS/MS detected more sialylated glycoforms than MALDI-TOF-MS. Sections of Fab and Fc were assigned de novo, through a database search or manually