10 research outputs found
Chronic Stress-Related Osteosarcopenic Obesity: A Common Modern Syndrome Requiring Sustained Lifestyle Changes and Stress Management
Through several pathological mechanisms, chronic stress contributes to the development of âosteosarcopenic obesityâ, a clinical syndrome that includes impairments in the structure and function of a patientâs bones, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue. This syndrome, which could be alternatively called âchronic stress and inflammation syndromeâ, has its genesis in early life and, by the age of 50â60 years, affects up to two-thirds of Western populations. Chronic psycho-socioeconomic stress and lifestyle factors, such as a sedentary life, poor quality nutrition, irregular daily schedules, and inadequate sleep, which all act on a genetic and epigenetic predisposition background, play essential pathogenic roles in the development of this widespread syndrome. Key pathogenic mediators are those of the stress system and inflammatory reaction. Lifestyle changes, in combination with stress management, can prevent, arrest, or reverse this debilitating syndrome
The role of chemokines in type 1 diabetesâassociated neuropathy
Abstract Introduction To investigate whether circulating chemokines contribute to the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Fiftyâtwo patients with childhoodâonset T1D (mean age 28â±â4âyrs.; diabetes duration 19.5â±â5.5âyrs.) and 19 control subjects (mean age 26.5â±â4.5âyrs.) were included in a crossâsectional analysis of this longâterm longitudinal cohort study. A subgroup of 24 patients was followed prospectively for a further 10âyrs. Plasma levels of Th1â (CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11), Th2â (CCL17 and CCL22) and Th17âassociated (CXCL8 and CCL20) chemokines were assessed in all subjects. Additionally, the TID patients underwent clinical examination and electroneurography. Results The frequency of neuropathy was 21% (11/52). Higher levels of CXCL9 levels were found in patients with DPN compared with control subjects (pâ=â.019); by contrast, no difference between patients without DPN and control subjects was seen after adjustment for multiple comparisons. In patients with DPN, CXCL10 correlated negatively with suralis MCV and suralis SNAP (rho â0.966, pâ<â.001 and rho â0.738, pâ<â.001, respectively) and was positively correlated with the vibration perception threshold (rho 0.639, pâ=â.034), while CXCL8 correlated negatively with the cold perception threshold (rho â0.645, pâ=â.032). The frequency of neuropathy increased to 54% (13/24) in the subgroup of 23 TID patients, followed by an additional 10âyrs. Conclusions Changes in Th1â and Th17âassociated chemokines were associated with impaired peripheral sensory nerve function and nerve conduction after long disease duration in childhoodâonset T1D
On type 1 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from the autoimmune destruction of ÎČ cells of the endocrine pancreas. Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is different from that of type 2 diabetes mellitus, where both insulin resistance and reduced secretion of insulin by the ÎČ cells play a synergistic role. We will present genetic, environmental and immunologic factors that destroy ÎČ cells of the endocrine pancreas and lead to insulin deficiency. The process of autoimmune destruction takes place in genetically susceptible individuals under the triggering effect of one or more environmental factors and usually progresses over a period of many months to years, during which period patients are asymptomatic and euglycemic, but positive for relevant autoantibodies. Symptomatic hyperglycemia and frank diabetes occurs after a long latency period, which reflects the large percentage of ÎČ cells that need to be destroyed before overt diabetes become evident
Photoplethysmography (PPG)-determined heart rate variability (HRV) and extracellular water (ECW) in the evaluation of chronic stress and inflammation
Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is the physiological variation
in the time interval between consecutive heartbeats. Extracellular water
(ECW) is the aqueous compartment surrounding cells and has been used as
an inflammation index. Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) refer to
persistent psychosomatic bodily complaints, and their presence may be
employed as a clinical index of chronic stress and inflammation, useful
in distinguishing suffering patients from healthy subjects. Aim To
evaluate the clinical performance of SDNN (standard deviation of
intracardiac beat time interval of normal sinus beats) and RMSSD (square
root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals) as
indices of HRV, and their correlation with ECW and MUS. Patients and
methods A large multicenter retrospective study was conducted in 37
Italian medical practices in Caucasian men and women aged 20 to 70
years. SDNN and RMSSD were measured with the PPG Stress Flow (R) device
(BioTekna, Italy), while ECW was determined with the BIA-ACC (R) device
(BioTekna, Italy). All subjects filled in a MUS (R) questionnaire with
19 ânonspecificâ symptom questions. The study sample was stratified
by decade of age into five groups. Results Data from 9246 subjects
comprising 3127 males and 6119 females, with a median age of 47 years,
were analyzed. HRV index SDNN and RMSSD distributions in the entire
sample and in each of the five age groups were significantly greater in
subjects with a limited number of MUS (0-5) than in subjects with six or
more symptoms, while both distributions correlated negatively with ECW.
Conclusion SDNN and RMSSD and ECW were predictors of MUS and were
successfully used to objectively evaluate chronic stress and
inflammation
Plasma levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus associate with early diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy
BACKGROUND: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) has been suggested as a marker for abnormal regulation of tissue remodelling in type 1 diabetes. Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been associated with matrix turnover, and Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a marker of tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy. The aim was to analyse these biomarkers to unmask early diabetic complications. METHODS: Thirty-three type 1 diabetes patients, aged 20-35âyears, and disease duration 20â±â5.3âyears were included. Along with clinical examination, neurophysiological measurements, routine biochemistry, plasma concentrations of TIMP-1, MMP-9 and NGAL were determined with immunoenzymatic techniques. RESULTS: TIMP-1 correlated with abnormal unilateral and bilateral vibratory sense foot perception (râ=â-0.49 and râ=â-0.51, respectively), foot neuropathy impairment assessment score (NIA; râ=â-0.55), neuropathy symptom assessment score (râ=â0.42), microalbuminuria (râ=â0.50) and eGFR (râ=â-0.45). MMP-9 correlated with impaired foot NIA (râ=â0.51). Multiple regression analysis showed an association for TIMP-1 (pâ=â0.004) with impaired neurophysiological examinations and renal dysfunction along with NGAL (pâ=â0.016 and pâ=â0.015 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that plasma levels of TIMP-1, MMP-9 and NGAL may serve as useful biomarkers in unravelling subclinical neuropathy and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes
NGAL as an Early Predictive Marker of Diabetic Nephropathy in Children and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Aims. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is often associated with early microvascular complications. Previous studies demonstrated that increased systolic (SAP) and diastolic arterial blood pressures (DAP) are linked to microvascular morbidity in T1D. The aim of the study was to investigate the predictive role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in unravelling early cardiorenal dysfunction in T1D. Methods. Two T1D patient groups participating in two-centre prospective cohorts were studied. Group A consisted of 57 participants aged 13.9 years (SD: 3.1) and group B consisted of 59 patients aged 28.0 years (SD: 4.4). Forty-nine healthy children [age: 10.5 years (SD: 6.6)] and 18 healthy adults [age 27.7 years (SD: 4.2)] served as controls. Serum concentrations of NGAL (ELISA) were determined, and SAP and DAP were examined (SAP and DAP also expressed as z-scores in the younger group). Results. NGAL correlated positively with SAP in both patient groups (P = 0 020 and P = 0 031, resp.) and SAP z-score (P = 0 009) (group A) and negatively with eGFR in both groups (P amp;lt; 0 001 and P amp;lt; 0 001, resp.). Conclusions. NGAL may be proposed as a biomarker of early renal dysfunction even in nonalbuminuric T1D patients, since it was strongly associated with renal function decline and increasing systolic arterial pressure even at prehypertensive range in people with T1D, in a broad age range
Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms
Objective: Our aim was to assess the prevalence of endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes (EPNS) in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and estimate its impact on patient outcomes. Design: This is a retrospective analysis of 834 patients with NENs (611 gastrointestinal, 166 thoracic, 57 of unknown and various other primary origin). We included 719 consecutive NEN patients treated at EKPA-Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece and 115 patients with lung carcinoid (LC) treated at Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. EPNS diagnosis was based on standard criteria. Methods: Twenty-one patients with EPNS were detected: 16 with ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS), one with hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion, three with hypercalcitonaemia and one patient with dual secretion of calcitonin and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (-HCG). All tumours were well-differentiated; 10 patients had Stage IV disease at diagnosis. Results: The prevalence of EPNS in the Greek cohort was 1.9%, whereas that of ECS among LC patients in both centres was 6.7%. Median overall survival (OS) for patients with EPNS was 160.7 months (95%CI, 86-235.4) and median event-free survival (EFS) was 25.9 months (95%CI, 0-57.2). Patients presenting with EPNS prior to NEN diagnosis had longer EFS compared to patients with synchronous or metachronous EPNS (log-rank P=0.013). Patients with ECS of extra-thoracic origin demonstrated shorter OS and EFS compared to patients with ECS of lung or thymic origin (log-rank P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). LC patients with and without ECS were comparable in 5-year and 10-year OS rates (66.7% and 33.3% versus 89.8% and 60.2%, respectively; 95%CI [189.6-300.4 months], log-rank P=0.94) and in median EFS, 67 versus 183 months, 95%CI [50.5-207.5], log-rank P=0.12). Conclusion: EPNS are relatively rare in patients with NENs and mainly concern well-differentiated tumours of the foregut. Among patients with EPNS, LC-related ECS may not adversely affect patient outcomes when diagnosed prior to NEN and effectively been treated.De tvÄ första författarna delar förstaförfattarskapet.</p