Gender-marked metaphors: influence of grammatical gender and frequency on referential choice of metaphorical name of the person in the Russian language

AbstractThe paper aims to discuss the results of the experimental research into the correlation between the influence of language (the gender of the noun) and speech (frequency of using words in speech) on the referential choice of a metaphorical name of a person. As a result, we prove a significant influence of grammatical gender on solving the problem of figurative reference to the name of a man or woman.The interaction between linguistic factors (the grammatical gender) and speech (frequency) is manifested in the fact that the frequency factor is significant in functionally weak areas where there is a conflict between the problem being solved and grammatical gender of the word (for example, the problem to determine the reference of feminine words to a male)

Influence of exogenous urea on photosynthetic pigments, 14CO2 uptake, and urease activity in Elodea densa-environmental implications

This paper analyzes the effect of exogenous urea in increased concentration gradient (0, 100, 500 and 1,000 mg L-1) on photosynthetic pigments (measured spectrophotometrically), uptake of 14CO2 (using radioisotope), and urease activity (by measuring ammonia with Nessler's reagent) in leaves of Elodea densa Planch. We have observed that low concentration of urea (100 mg L-1) stimulates the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and intensifies photosynthesis in E. densa, whereas high concentration (1,000 mg L-1) suppresses these processes. Urease activity increased by approximately 2.7 and 8 fold when exogenous urea concentrations were 100 and 500 mg L-1, respectively. However, exogenous urea in high concentration (1,000 mg L-1) decreased urease activity by 1.5 fold compared to the control. The necessity of mitigating urea and other nitrogen-containing compounds (NH3 from urea) in water bodies has been discussed with emphasis on the potential for phytoremediation of urea using common water weed viz. E. densa. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Phase separation, ferromagnetism and magnetic irreversibility in La1-xSrxMn1-yFeyO3

The ferromagnetism of LSMFO is attributable to percolation over the system of such particles and generation of large FM clusters, whereas the frustration is governed presumably by a system of smaller weakly-correlated magnetic units, which do not enter the percolative FM clustersyesBelgorod State Universit

Developing a modern thermal strengthening technique for regulated fishplate cooling

A modern ecologically friendly technique for fishplate (joint bar) thermal strengthening by regulated water cooling is proposed. The proposed technique can successfully replace the conventional one - oil quenching - due to making the cooling process more controlled by obtaining a uniform temperature distribution over fishplate elements with a different mass such as heads and the wet. The oil quenching process is an out of control fire hazardous one and requires controlling the permanent cooling capability, fishplate flushing after the operation. It is necessary to utilize the oil and to have a special ventilation system. As a mineral oil substitute, the usage of polymer media has been investigated. Within the time, the polymer solution needs to be recycled; the high cost of polymer concentrates also plays an important role. Quenching by water spraying is the most ecological and controlled type of thermal strengthening. The technique was validated by a test bench experiment and implemented in the metallurgical industry. The mechanical properties have been obtained to meet the GOST 4133-73 technical requirements. Moreover, the analysis made showed that when the controlled cooling device is fitted into the line existing due to exclusion of the hardening tank and washing machine from the processing flow it is possible to save energy, exclude the expenditures for acquisition, the preparation of oil and washing mixtures as well as for regeneration of the oils used and washing solutions. © 2014 WIT Press.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering;International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmen

RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE FETUS AND NEWBORN ON THE BASIS OF INDICATORS OF FETAL HEMODYNAMICS AND TRANSCRANIAL CEREBRAL OXIMETRY

Purpose: identify the correlation between antenatal evaluation of fetus and newborn according to cerebral fetal hemodynamic and transcranial cerebral oximetryMaterials and methods. Clinical examination of 90 women before and in 1 termoflabor and 90 newborns. Ultrasound study of fetoplacental complex with Doppler were done to all pregnant women. Study of blood flow were done during functional test wit hapnoe. Cerebral hemodynamic of newborns evaluated by transcranial cerebral oximetry immediately after birth, on the 3rd and 5th days.Results: There are strict correlation between the Dopplerindices, indices of functional test and indicators of trans cranial cerebral oximetry of newborn.Summary: Doppler study with functional tests before and in 1 termoflabor allows to assess the state of blood circulation in the vessels of the placenta and fetus objectively, noninvasively and economically available

Cryptic Diversity in Paramecium multimicronucleatum Revealed with a Polyphasic Approach

Paramecium (Ciliophora) systematics is well studied, and about twenty morphological species have been described. The morphological species may include several genetic species. How-ever, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the species diversity within Paramecium could be even higher and has raised a problem of cryptic species whose statuses remain uncertain. In the present study, we provide the morphological and molecular characterization of two novel Paramecium species. While Paramecium lynni n. sp., although morphologically similar to P. multimicronucleatum, is phylogenetically well separated from all other Paramecium species, Paramecium fokini n. sp. appears to be a cryptic sister species to P. multimicronucleatum. The latter two species can be distinguished only by molecular methods. The number and structure of micronuclei, traditionally utilized to discriminate species in Paramecium, vary not only between but also within each of the three studied species and, thus, cannot be considered a reliable feature for species identification. The geographic distribution of the P. multimicronucleatum and P. fokini n. sp. strains do not show defined patterns, still leaving space for a role of the geographic factor in initial speciation in Paramecium. Future findings of new Paramecium species can be predicted from the molecular data, while morphological characteristics appear to be unstable and overlapping at least in some species

Применение гуселькумаба при псориатическом артрите: данные реальной клинической практики

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints, spine and enthesis from the group of spondyloarthritis that develops in patients with psoriasis. Guselkumab is a biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, an inhibitor of interleukin 23, which has been shown to be effective in the treatment of plaque psoriasis and PsA.Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of guselkumab treatment in PsA patients.Patients and methods. The study included 16 patients with PsA. All patients received 100 mg of guselkumab subcutaneously at weeks 0, 4, 12, 20. Disease activity and treatment efficacy were assessed at weeks 0, 12 and 24 using the DAS28, ASDAS, BASDAI, DAPSA activity indices, the index of the extent and severity of psoriasis PASI.Results and discussion. During treatment, patients with PsA showed a pronounced positive dynamics of the indices of disease activity and an improvement in the skin condition. Before the treatment with guselkumab, the mean value of the DAS28 index was 4.26±0.64, DAPSA – 37.94±9.45, ASDAS – 2.7±0.65, and BASDAI – 5.49±1.39, after 12 weeks of treatment these indicators decreased to 3.03±0.49; 17.06±4.58; 1.64±0.33 and 3.48±0.66, respectively, and after 24 weeks (after the 4th injection) – to 2.32±0.18; 11.31±2.18; 1.22±0.27 and 2.62±0.78, respectively (p<0.05 for all cases). Before treatment, the average PASI index reached 30.99±15.43, after 12 weeks – 4.55±4.82, and after 24 weeks – 1.05±1.46 (p<0.05). During treatment, a significant improvement in the main manifestations of the disease was noted: regression of peripheral arthritis, spondylitis, and skin rashes.The treatment was well tolerated during the 24 weeks of the study, and no serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion. The data from real clinical practice indicate that guselkumab is highly effective and safe in the treatment of PsA.Псориатический артрит (ПсА) – хроническое воспалительное заболевание суставов, позвоночника и энтезисов из группы спондилоартритов, развивающееся у больных псориазом. Гуселькумаб – генно-инженерный биологический препарат, ингибитор интерлейкина 23, показавший эффективность в терапии бляшечного псориаза и ПсА.Цель исследования – оценка эффективности лечения гуселькумабом больных ПсА.Пациенты и методы. В исследование включено 16 пациентов с ПсА. Все пациенты получали гуселькумаб в дозе 100 мг подкожно на неделях 0, 4, 12, 20. Оценка активности заболевания и эффективности лечения осуществлялась на неделях 0, 12 и 24 с применением индексов активности DAS28, ASDAS, BASDAI, DAPSA, индекса распространенности и тяжести псориаза – PASI.Результаты и обсуждение. В ходе лечения у больных ПсА наблюдались выраженная положительная динамика индексов активности заболевания и улучшение состояния кожи. Если до начала лечения гуселькумабом среднее значение индекса DAS28 составляло 4,26±0,64, DAPSA – 37,94±9,45, ASDAS – 2,7±0,65 и BASDAI – 5,49±1,39, то через 12 нед произошло снижение этих показателей до 3,03±0,49; 17,06±4,58; 1,64±0,33 и 3,48±0,66 соответственно, а через 24 нед (после 4-й инъекций) – уже до 2,32±0,18; 11,31±2,18; 1,22±0,27 и 2,62±0,78 соответственно (p<0,05 для всех случаев). До начала лечения среднее значение индекса PASI достигало 30,99±15,43, через 12 нед – 4,55±4,82 и через 24 нед – 1,05±1,46 (p<0,05). На фоне лечения отмечено значительное улучшение основных проявлений заболевания: регресс периферического артрита, спондилита и кожных высыпаний.На протяжении 24 нед исследования переносимость терапии была хорошей, серьезных нежелательных явлений не зарегистрировано.Заключение. Данные, полученные в условиях реальной клинической практики, свидетельствуют о высокой эффективности и безопасности гуселькумаба при лечении ПсА