COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOIL TEST METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF PLANT AVAILABLE POTASSIUM IN BULGARIAN ARABLE SOILS

This comparative study was aimed at estimating analytical behavior of methods for determination of plant available potassium applied to Bulgarian arable soils and to reveal the relationship between the amount of extractable K. Twenty-four samples from two traditional agricultural regions in Bulgaria were studied. Soil potassium was extracted by NH4OAc/HOAc pH 4.5 (AA), diluted double acid (Mehlich 1), CaCl2, BaCl2 and a modified acetate/lactate method (ALM) and determined by Flame AES. The factors influencing the methods accuracy were identified and uncertainty was estimated. The expanded uncertainty was (in mg K2O (100 g dry soil)-1): 0.10 (ALM), 0.64 (Mehlich 1), 0.17 (CaCl2) and 1.1 (AA). The study revealed that the factor which mainly influence the uncertainty of the applied analytical methods for plant available potassium in soil was the calibration of Flame AES determination. The obtained results showed that extractable potassium lowered in the following order . Soil potassium extracted by ALM procedure correlated with AA, BaCl2-K, CaCl2 –K and Mehlich 1 - K at 0.05 level of significance. ALM extracted between 1.2 to 5.8 times more soil K than other methods did. The obtained results provided a base for further study on correlation between extractable K and soil fertility indices for particular soil types and climatic regions in Bulgaria.Keywords: available potassium, extraction methods, Flame AES, uncertainty, arable soils DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2021.25.3.00

Comparative study of soil test methods for determination of plant available potassium in Bulgarian arable soils

This comparative study was aimed at estimating analytical behavior of methods for determination of plant available potassium applied to Bulgarian arable soils and to reveal the relationship between the amount of extractable K. Twenty-four samples from two traditional agricultural regions in Bulgaria were studied. Soil potassium was extracted by NH4OAc/HOAc pH 4.5 (AA), diluted double acid (Mehlich 1), CaCl2, BaCl2 and a modified acetate/lactate method (ALM) and determined by Flame AES. The factors influencing the methods accuracy were identified and uncertainty was estimated. The expanded uncertainty was (in mg K2O (100 g dry soil)-1): 0.10 (ALM), 0.64 (Mehlich 1), 0.17 (CaCl2) and 1.1 (AA). The study revealed that the factor which mainly influence the uncertainty of the applied analytical methods for plant available potassium in soil was the calibration of Flame AES determination. The obtained results showed that extractable potassium lowered in the following order K ALM ≥ K AA > K M ehlich 1> K BaCl2> K CaCl2 . Soil potassium extracted by ALM procedure correlated with AA, BaCl2-K, CaCl2 -K and Mehlich 1 - K at 0.05 level of significance. ALM extracted between 1.2 to 5.8 times more soil K than other methods did. The obtained results provided a base for further study on correlation between extractable K and soil fertility indices for particular soil types and climatic regions in Bulgaria.The authors of this study were thankful to prof. Margarita Nikolova for the idea and discussions; to Mr. Vencislav Nekov (Sembodja, Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria) for providing soil samples. Lyudmila Angelova acknowledged the financial support of the National Program for Support of Young Researchers 2018–2020 funded by the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science. The authors are thankful to Ms. Yulia Ivanova for making some of the laboratory experiments

Strategic analysis of MADETA Inc.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá strategickou analýzou podniku Madeta a.s. Práce je rozdělena na dvě hlavní části, na část teoretickou a část praktickou. V praktické části jsou využity poznatky, které byly zmíněny v teoretické části. Konkrétně se jedná o analýzu vnitřního a vnějšího prostředí podniku. Získané informace jsou využity ve SWOT matici, která je podkladem pro strategická doporučení firmy, která by měla pomoci s budoucím upevňováním pozice na trhu s mléčnými výrobky.This bachelor thesis deals with strategy analysis of the company Madeta Ltd. The thesis is divided into two main parts which is the theoretical and practical. The practical part uses the findings mentioned in the theoretical part. Specifically, this is an analysis of the internal and external business environment. The obtained information in the previous analysis is then used in the SWOT matrix, which is the basis for strategy recommendations for the company. These recommendatios should help with the future improvement of the position on the diary market

SPORTS SUPPLEMENTS FOR TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES: EVERY DAY, IN TRAINING, IN COMPETITION

Running is a democratic sport not only in terms of equipment - put on your sneakers and run - but also in terms of nutritional requirements. However, it is more difficult for a runner to perform well without some supplementation

TRAINING LOAD OF YOUNG ATHLETES

The article To solve the problems of training athletes, it is necessary to apply heavy loads in classes (in terms of volume, intensity, coordination complexity of exercises and mental tension). Of course, this must be approached gradually. An increase in the load in group athletics classes is achieved by increasing their density (group starts and acceleration, streaming performance of jumps, the use of a large number of shells in throwing, group performance of smooth running and running with obstacles, relay races, games, special exercises)

Comparison of Smart Cities in the Czech Republic and possible steps for the capital city of Prague

The topic of the diploma thesis is the concept of Smart Cities in the Czech Republic. The main goal of this work is to map the current situation and create a comprehensive overview of implemented or planned projects in smart cities in the Czech Republic. Recommendations for further development of the issue in the capital city of Prague are subsequently created from the performed analysis. The partial goal of the thesis is to provide information about the current state of technology and smart infrastructure and at the same time to acquaint the reader with the latest trends in the field of Smart City, thanks to a deep literary search of foreign and domestic sources. For the purposes of comparison and analysis of the current situation, cities have been selected that have been dedicated to the concept for several years and belong to the top in the Czech Republic. These are Kolín, Písek, Hradec Králové, Plzeň, Ostrava and Brno. The analysis of projects provided a comprehensive picture of the Smart City concept in the Czech Republic and could thus be a starting point for the proposed recommendations and possible steps for not only the capital city of Prague.Tématem diplomové práce je koncepce Smart Cities v České republice. Hlavním cílem práce je zmapování současné situace a vytvoření uceleného přehledu realizovaných, či plánovaných projektů v chytrých městech ČR. Z provedené analýzy jsou následně vytvořena doporučení pro další rozvoj problematiky v hlavním městě Praha. Dílčím cílem práce je poskytnutí informací o současném stavu technologií a chytré infrastruktury a zároveň seznámení čtenáře s nejnovějšími trendy v oblasti Smart City, a to díky hluboké literární rešerši zahraničních a tuzemských zdrojů. K porovnání v rámci České republiky byla zvolena města, která se problematikou zabývají již několik let a řadí se mezi špičku v ČR. Jedná se o Kolín, Písek, Hradec Králové, Plzeň, Ostravu a Brno. Provedený souhrn projektů poskytl komplexní obrázek na koncepci Smart City v České republice a mohl tak být východiskem pro navrhovaná doporučení a možné kroky pro nejen hlavní město Praha