Patrick-Murray Administration Issues South Coast Rail Executive Order and Awards Technical Assistance

BACKGROUND:The migration of healthcare specialists from developing countries has increased in recent years. This has caused a rapid reduction in the access to and quality of healthcare services in such countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the migration of specialist human resources in Iran's healthcare system. METHODS:This is a qualitative study, which was carried out through semi-structured interviews between 2015 and 2016. For sampling, purposive sampling method with maximum variation sampling was used. Further, data saturation was observed by conducting 21 interviews, and data analysis was performed using the MAXQDA10 content analysis software. RESULTS:Factors affecting the migration of specialists were classified into five key themes, including structural, occupational, personal, socio-political and economic factors. These themes consisted of 12 categories and 50 subcategories. The most important factors affecting the migration of our study population were structural issues, occupational problems, and personal concerns. CONCLUSION:Identification of factors influencing migration is the first step to prevent the migration of specialist human resources. Implementing the recommendations proposed in this study would assist to prevent migration of medical professionals

Divorce from a divorcee woman's perspectives: A qualitative study

Introduction: Divorce is an unexpected change in marital life. This change affects physical and psychological health. Divorce is a complex phenomenon which can be conceptualized from different perspectives. Aim of the present study was to conceptualize divorce from Iranian women's perspectives. Method: A qualitative content analysis approach was employed. Using purposeful sampling, data collected from 26 women with divorce experience. In-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to gather information. Results: The findings suggest two main themes: "concept" and "process of experience". Each theme was divided into sub-themes as general vocabulary, especially lexical (experience), perceived conflict, versusbelief experience, and traumatic. Conclusion: Concept of divorce is driven from social believes. Divorce affects health. In fact, divorce not only is a socio-cultural issue, but also, a social health determinant. Thus, any program in women health promotion needs to consider divorcee women's perspective. We came to conclusion that, several factors make the meaning of divorce. Furthermore, these components are subject to a separated woman's perceived experiences, perceptions, social beliefs, and gender. Keywords: Divorce, Conceptualizing, Women health, women perspective, divorcee women, Qualitative Content analysi

Evaluation of the Reasons of Drug abuse in Women in Bushehr: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Drug addiction has always been considered as one of the most pervasive social problems. Although the risk of drug addiction is high in men, but this risk has been increased in women as well. Method: This qualitative study was conducted on 21 addicted women in Bushehr who were selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interview. All interview were recorded, immediately written, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: After data analysis, 3 main themes including personal, family, and social factors with 17 items were obtained. Conclusion: The main factors affecting drug addiction in women in Bushehr were personal and family factors. Some interventions such as increasing the knowledge of people about factors affecting drug addiction and family education can be effective in the prevention of drug addiction in women

The State of Mental Health of Students of Tehran Medical Sciences University in The Academic Year 2010-2011

Background and objective: Students are the most dynamic people in the society and their health is to a great extent a prerequisite for the health of most individuals in the society. This study was conducted to investigate the state of mental health and factors which influence it in the students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 400 students of Tehran Medical Sciences University in the academic year 2010-2011. The number of studied subjects was determined according to the student population of each faculty and questionnaires were randomly distributed among them. The data collection tool in this study was the standard GHQ28 questionnaire. After collecting the data, analysis was done using SPSS.18 software, Chi-square test, T-test, and Regression Logestic.Results: 25.52% of the attendants were healthy and 75.47% had suspected mental disorders. Also, regarding depression, 75.53% of people suffered from mental disorders and 25.46% were healthy.Conclusion: According to the achieved results, it seems that studying at university, facing educational problems and the existing conditions at university cause an increase in the rate of mental disorder among the students of Medical Sciences University

Investigating the Status of Social Capital in Tehran in 2008

Abstract Introduction: Today, the role of social capital has been proved to be undeniable in the health . The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2000 declared that almost 60% of the causes of disease and mortality were related to the social factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the status of social capital as one of the social determinants of health in Tehran, capital of Iran. Methods:   The study participants, who aged over 18 years, lived in 22 districts of Tehran in 2010. The study data were collected on social capital and socioeconomic variables in Iran. Different dimensions of social capital as well as the mean score of social capital was measured in various groups using the SC-IQ. The study data were analyzed using Stata statistical software: release 13.0. Results: In this study, 2.484 participants were selected via multistage random sampling. The mean age of participants was 41.38±17.7, and the mean score of social capital was slightly more in men (31.18) than women (30.41). Social capital was demonstrated to be lower within poor participants than other groups. In terms of marital status, the divorced had the lowest social capital (26.50). The mean social capital in those with university education was higher compared to individuals with other levels of education. Conclusion: Social capital is regarded as one of the factors affecting health. To promote the level of this valuable capital, the factors affecting the  social capital level should be identified and all appropriate measures should be taken into account in order to ultimately enhance the level of public health

Understanding the Reasons for Sharing Syringes or Needles to Inject Drugs: Conventional Content Analysis.

BackgroundThis qualitative study was undertaken with the aim to identify the reasons for sharing syringes or needles among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran.MethodsWe used purposive sampling to recruit 4 groups of participants, male PWID (n = 14), female PWID (n = 6), service providers (n = 8), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/addiction experts (n = 9). Data were collected through 2 focus group discussions (FGDs) among male PWID, and semi-structured interviews with female PWID, service providers, and HIV/addiction experts. Using conventional content analysis, themes were extracted for reasons for sharing needles to inject drugs.FindingsWe found 13 themes for barriers such as low perceived risk of HIV, high stigma around drug injection and use, low access to harm reduction education and prevention services due to their limited working hours as a well as uneven geographical distribution of services, some structural barriers like incarceration, poverty, and homelessness, and several competing survival needs beyond the injection-related safe behaviors.ConclusionOur study was able to provide the perspectives of both PWID and health care authorities and providers towards several barriers to accessing HIV prevention services that lead to needle sharing among PWID in Iran. These barriers need to be addressed to achieve the target of HIV epidemic control

Factors affecting the migration of human resources in the health system of Iran–Themes 4–5.

<p>Factors affecting the migration of human resources in the health system of Iran–Themes 4–5.</p

Factors affecting the migration of human resources in the health system of Iran–Themes 1–3.

<p>Factors affecting the migration of human resources in the health system of Iran–Themes 1–3.</p

Characteristics of the participants in the study.

<p>Characteristics of the participants in the study.</p