Promoción de la salud y entornos saludables

A forestar forestalAplicación de un programa educativo participativo en salud  bucal a una comunidad de adultos mayoresBiblioteca móvil y su implementación en el hospital Padre HurtadoConsumo de riesgo de alcohol en Chile: una propuesta innovadora de intervenciónDiseño de un programa interactivo de promoción de la salud vocal para NB1Encuentro formativo en promoción de salud y gestión de entornos saludables para TenoExperiencia docente: programa intersectorial de promoción/prevención en preescolares de comunas vulnerables, Región MetropolitanaFiltrado glomerular, método preventivo aparición de fibrosis sistémica nefrogénica por gadolinio en examen de RMImplementación de consejerías en vida sana en APS, Región de los RíosMedicina preventiva en feria libre de la población San Gregorio: Cecof San Gregorio, Contagiando SaludMetodología innovadora en la enseñanza de una ectoparasitosisPrevención de accidentes por monóxido de carbono en edificios, Providencia 2002-2009Programa de promoción y prevención en salud bucal para preescolaresPromoviendo hábitos saludables en los vecinos de Reñaca Alto, Viña del Mar, 2009Rol de la capacitación en la implementación de acciones para la prevención de la obesidadSatisfacción usuaria en el Cesfam Natales a un año de su funcionamientoTres estrategias publicitarias y de comunicación aplicadas al consumo de alcohol de bajo riesgoTropa de la salud: uso de los medios como forma de promover la salu

Percepción de Impunidad: Precipitante del Crimen en Bogotá

Este artículo describe los resultados de una línea de investigación en el fenómeno de impunidad en Bogotá, desarrollada con el objetivo de identificar la influencia de la percepción de impunidad en la generación de criminalidad para los delitos de hurto y homicidio, enfocándose en la perspectiva de los tres actores intervinientes en el proceso penal: víctimas, victimarios y funcionarios judiciales. Se desarrolló una investigación exploratoria descriptiva, combinando herramientas cualitativas-cuantitativas (entrevistas y encuestas), para obtener información de análisis a través de la teoría de elección racional y teoría de juegos. Como resultado se encontró la existencia de percepción de impunidad alta, asociada al funcionamiento del sistema judicial. Se identificaron variables principales y secundarias entendidas como debilidades del sistema, que al entrelazarse soportan la construcción del imaginario “es posible delinquir sin ser condenado”, motivando la generación de hurtos, homicidios y dinámicas de reincidencia. This article condenses a summary of the research entitled Influence of perception of impunity in Bogotá, developed by the Group for Research Criminological of Observatory of Crime of National Police of Colombia, whose main asides and original results are reflected in this document. The objective was to determine the influence of the perception of impunity in the generation of criminality for offenses of theft and murder in Bogota, from the perspective of thethree actors involved in the criminal process: victims, perpetrators and judicial officials. He raised an investigation of explanatory character by combining criminological approaches and tools of mixed cut (quantitative-qualitative), with the support of the theories of rational choice and games. The result is there is a high perception of impunity associated with the functioning of the judicial system, individualizing three scenarios from the perspective of the three actors,identifying main and secondary variables understood as weaknesses of the system, that intertwine and give rise to the construction of a collective imagination in which is possible crime without being convicted, encouraging the generation of thefts, murders and dynamics of recidivism

Percepción de Impunidad: Precipitante del Crimen en Bogotá

Abstract This article condenses a summary of the research entitled Influence of perception of impunity in Bogotá, developed by the Group for Research Criminological of Observatory of Crime of National Police of Colombia, whose main asides and original results are reflected in this document. The objective was to determine the influence of the perception of impunity in the generation of criminality for offenses of theft and murder in Bogota, from the perspective of the three actors involved in the criminal process: victims, perpetrators and judicial officials. He raised an investigation of explanatory character by combining cri-minological approaches and tools of mixed cut (quantitative-qualitative), with the support of the theories of rational choice and games. The result is there is a high perception of impunity associated with the functioning of the judicial system, individualizing three scenarios from the perspective of the three actors, identifying main and secondary variables understood as weaknesses of the system, that intertwine and give rise to the construction of a collective imagination in which is possible crime without being convicted, encouraging the generation of thefts, murders and dynamics of recidivism.Resumen Este artículo describe los resultados de una línea de investigación en el fenómeno de impunidad en Bogotá, desarrollada con el objetivo de identificar la influencia de la percepción de impunidad en la generación de criminalidad para los delitos de hurto y homicidio en dicha ciudad, enfocándose en la perspectiva de los tres actores intervinientes en el proceso penal: víctimas, victimarios y funcionarios judiciales. Se desarrolló una investigación exploratoria descriptiva, combinando herramientas cualitativas-cuantitativas (entrevistas y encuestas), para obtener información de análisis a través de la teoría de elección racional y teoría de juegos. Como resultado se encontró la existencia de percepción de impunidad alta, asociada al funcionamiento del sistema judicial. Se identificaron variables principales y secundarias, entendidas como debilidades del sistema, que al entrelazarse soportan la construcción del imaginario "es posible delinquir sin ser condenado", lo cual motiva la generación de hurtos, homicidios y dinámicas de reincidencia

Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis : Results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study

Background Odanacatib, a cathepsin K inhibitor, reduces bone resorption while maintaining bone formation. Previous work has shown that odanacatib increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of odanacatib to reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods The Long-term Odanacatib Fracture Trial (LOFT) was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven study at 388 outpatient clinics in 40 countries. Eligible participants were women aged at least 65 years who were postmenopausal for 5 years or more, with a femoral neck or total hip bone mineral density T-score between −2·5 and −4·0 if no previous radiographic vertebral fracture, or between −1·5 and −4·0 with a previous vertebral fracture. Women with a previous hip fracture, more than one vertebral fracture, or a T-score of less than −4·0 at the total hip or femoral neck were not eligible unless they were unable or unwilling to use approved osteoporosis treatment. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either oral odanacatib (50 mg once per week) or matching placebo. Randomisation was done using an interactive voice recognition system after stratification for previous radiographic vertebral fracture, and treatment was masked to study participants, investigators and their staff, and sponsor personnel. If the study completed before 5 years of double-blind treatment, consenting participants could enrol in a double-blind extension study (LOFT Extension), continuing their original treatment assignment for up to 5 years from randomisation. Primary endpoints were incidence of vertebral fractures as assessed using radiographs collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months, yearly, and at final study visit in participants for whom evaluable radiograph images were available at baseline and at least one other timepoint, and hip and non-vertebral fractures adjudicated as being a result of osteoporosis as assessed by clinical history and radiograph. Safety was assessed in participants who received at least one dose of study drug. The adjudicated cardiovascular safety endpoints were a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and new-onset atrial fibrillation or flutter. Individual cardiovascular endpoints and death were also assessed. LOFT and LOFT Extension are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT00529373) and the European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT number 2007-002693-66). Findings Between Sept 14, 2007, and Nov 17, 2009, we randomly assigned 16 071 evaluable patients to treatment: 8043 to odanacatib and 8028 to placebo. After a median follow-up of 36·5 months (IQR 34·43–40·15) 4297 women assigned to odanacatib and 3960 assigned to placebo enrolled in LOFT Extension (total median follow-up 47·6 months, IQR 35·45–60·06). In LOFT, cumulative incidence of primary outcomes for odanacatib versus placebo were: radiographic vertebral fractures 3·7% (251/6770) versus 7·8% (542/6910), hazard ratio (HR) 0·46, 95% CI 0·40–0·53; hip fractures 0·8% (65/8043) versus 1·6% (125/8028), 0·53, 0·39–0·71; non-vertebral fractures 5·1% (412/8043) versus 6·7% (541/8028), 0·77, 0·68–0·87; all p<0·0001. Combined results from LOFT plus LOFT Extension for cumulative incidence of primary outcomes for odanacatib versus placebo were: radiographic vertebral fractures 4·9% (341/6909) versus 9·6% (675/7011), HR 0·48, 95% CI 0·42–0·55; hip fractures 1·1% (86/8043) versus 2·0% (162/8028), 0·52, 0·40–0·67; non-vertebral fractures 6·4% (512/8043) versus 8·4% (675/8028), 0·74, 0·66–0·83; all p<0·0001. In LOFT, the composite cardiovascular endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 273 (3·4%) of 8043 patients in the odanacatib group versus 245 (3·1%) of 8028 in the placebo group (HR 1·12, 95% CI 0·95–1·34; p=0·18). New-onset atrial fibrillation or flutter occurred in 112 (1·4%) of 8043 patients in the odanacatib group versus 96 (1·2%) of 8028 in the placebo group (HR 1·18, 0·90–1·55; p=0·24). Odanacatib was associated with an increased risk of stroke (1·7% [136/8043] vs 1·3% [104/8028], HR 1·32, 1·02–1·70; p=0·034), but not myocardial infarction (0·7% [60/8043] vs 0·9% [74/8028], HR 0·82, 0·58–1·15; p=0·26). The HR for all-cause mortality was 1·13 (5·0% [401/8043] vs 4·4% [356/8028], 0·98–1·30; p=0·10). When data from LOFT Extension were included, the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in significantly more patients in the odanacatib group than in the placebo group (401 [5·0%] of 8043 vs 343 [4·3%] of 8028, HR 1·17, 1·02–1·36; p=0·029, as did stroke (2·3% [187/8043] vs 1·7% [137/8028], HR 1·37, 1·10–1·71; p=0·0051). Interpretation Odanacatib reduced the risk of fracture, but was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, specifically stroke, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Based on the overall balance between benefit and risk, the study's sponsor decided that they would no longer pursue development of odanacatib for treatment of osteoporosis