82 research outputs found
Bringing analysis of gender and socialâecological resilience together in small-scale fisheries research: Challenges and opportunities
The demand for gender analysis is now increasingly orthodox in natural resource programming, including that for small-scale fisheries. Whilst the analysis of socialâecological resilience has made valuable contributions to integrating social dimensions into research and policy-making on natural resource management, it has so far demonstrated limited success in effectively integrating considerations of gender equity. This paper reviews the challenges in, and opportunities for, bringing a gender analysis together with socialâecological resilience analysis in the context of small-scale fisheries research in developing countries. We conclude that rather than searching for a single unifying framework for gender and resilience analysis, it will be more effective to pursue a plural solution in which closer engagement is fostered between analysis of gender and social-ecological resilience whilst preserving the strengths of each approach. This approach can make an important contribution to developing a better evidence base for small-scale fisheries management and policy
The proximate composition of three marine pelagic fish: blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), boarfish (Capros aper) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)
peer reviewedThis study presents data from an in-depth proximate compositional analysis of three marine fish species: blue
whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), boarfish (Capros aper) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). These fish
contained significant amounts of protein (16â17%), lipids (4â11%) and minerals (2â6% ash). The proteins, particularly
from boarfish, had close to optimum amino acid profiles for human and fish nutrition. They compared favourably
with other fish species in terms of total lipids and relative concentration of the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic
acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (11.8â13.3% and 5.9â8.1% in triacylglycerols [TG] and 24.6â35.4% and 5.8â12.0% in
phospholipids [PL]). Atlantic herring had the highest lipid content among the three fish and was found to contain
high levels of PL poly-unsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 fatty acids. Minerals detected in the fish included
calcium (272â1,520 mg/100 g), phosphorus (363â789 mg/100 g), iron (1.07â2.83 mg/100 g), magnesium (40.70â62.10
mg/100 g), potassium (112.00â267.00 mg/100 g), selenium (0.04â0.06 mg/100 g), sodium (218.00â282.00 mg/100 g)
and zinc (1.29â5.57 mg/100 g). Boarfish had the highest ash fraction and also the highest levels of all the minerals,
except potassium. Atlantic herring had considerably lower mineral content compared with the other two species
and, levels detected were also lower than those reported in previously published studies. Heavy metals contents
were quantified, and levels were significantly below the maximum allowable limits for all elements except arsenic,
which ranged from 1.34 to 2.44 mg/kg in the three fish species. Data outlined here will be useful for guiding product
development. Future studies would benefit from considering catch season, sex and developmental stage of the fish
Are food-deceptive orchid species really functionally specialized for pollinators?
Food-deceptive orchid species have traditionally been considered pollination specialized to bees or butterflies. However, it is unclear to which concept of specialization this assumption is related; if to that of phenotypic specialization or of functional specialization. The main aim of this work was to verify if pollinators of five widespread food-deceptive orchid species (Anacamptis morio (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase, Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich., Himantoglossum adriaticum H. Baumann, Orchis purpurea Huds. and Orchis simia Lam.) predicted from the phenotypic point of view matched with the observed ones. We addressed the question by defining target orchids phenotypic specialization on the basis of their floral traits, and we compared the expected guilds of pollinators with the observed ones. Target orchid pollinators were collected by conducting a meta-analysis of the available literature and adding unpublished field observations, carried out in temperate dry grasslands in NE Italy. Pollinator species were subsequently grouped into guilds and differences in the guild spectra among orchid species grouped according to their phenotype were tested. In contradiction to expectations derived from the phenotypic point of view, food-deceptive orchid species were found to be highly functionally generalized for pollinators, and no differences in the pollinator guild spectra could be revealed among orchid groups. Our results may lead to reconsider food-deceptive orchid pollination ecology by revaluating the traditional equation orchid-pollination specialization
Studies on the ultrastructure of a three-spurred fumeauxiana form of Anacamptis pyramidalis
A comparative study of fisheries production patterns in the Upper River Benue, Lake Chad and the Nguru-Gashua Wetlands of north east Nigeria.
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