The hidden world within plants: ecological and evolutionary considerations for defining functioning of microbial endophytes

All plants are inhabited internally by diverse microbial communities comprising bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and protistic taxa. These microorganisms showing endophytic lifestyles play crucial roles in plant development, growth, fitness, and diversification. The increasing awareness of and information on endophytes provide insight into the complexity of the plant microbiome. The nature of plant-endophyte interactions ranges from mutualism to pathogenicity. This depends on a set of abiotic and biotic factors, including the genotypes of plants and microbes, environmental conditions, and the dynamic network of interactions within the plant biome. In this review, we address the concept of endophytism, considering the latest insights into evolution, plant ecosystem functioning, and multipartite interactions.EU Cost Action [FA1103, 312117]; FWF (Austrian Science Foundation) [P26203-B22, P24569-B25]; Portuguese FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) [SFRH/BPD/78931/2011]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Theod. Frid. Lud. Nees ab Esenbeck ... genera plantarum florae Germanicae iconibus et descriptionibus illustrata

vol. 1 : Graminaea / Aloisius Putterlick et Stephanus Endlichervol. 2 : Cyperaceae, helobiae, coronaria

New species of flightless doryctine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from Australia and New Zealand

The Australasian braconid wasp fauna has an apparent high proportion of reduced-winged and wingless species compared with other regions, although the reasons for this are not particularly clear. In this study, five such new species of Doryctinae, Dendrosotinus (Gildoria) chathamicus sp. nov. (Chatham Is, New Zealand), Neorhaconotus julieae sp. nov. (Australia), Ontsira naumanni sp. nov. (Australia), Spathiomorpha jenningsi sp. nov. (Australia), and Spathius thorpei sp. nov. (New Zealand), are described and illustrated from the region. The first four of these represent the first records of flightless species in their respective genera. Spathius pedestris Wesmael is recorded from the region (New Zealand) for the first time and has undoubtedly been introduced there, having been reared from the common furniture beetle (Anobiidae), Anobium punctatum De Geer. The makeup of the Australasian doryctine fauna and possible reasons for the evolution of flightless species are discussed.Sergey A Belokobylskij and Andrew D Austi