Learning How to Play Nicely: Repositories and CRIS

More than 60 delegates convened at the Rose Bowl in Leeds on 7 May 2010 for this event to explore the developing relationship and overlap between Open Access research repositories and so called 'CRISs' – Current Research Information Systems – that are increasingly being implemented at universities. The Welsh Repository Network (WRN) [1], a collaborative venture between the Higher Education institutions (HEIs) in Wales, funded by JISC, had clearly hit upon an engaging topic du jour. The event, jointly supported by JISC [2] and ARMA (Association of Research Managers and Administrators)[3], was fully booked within just five days of being announced. In the main, delegates were either research managers and administrators, or repository managers, and one of the themes that came up throughout the day was the need for greater communication between research offices and libraries (where repository services are often managed.) As well as JISC and ARMA, euroCRIS [4], a not-for- profit organisation that aims to be an internationally recognised point of reference for CRISs, was represented at the event. Delegates could also visit the software exhibition and speak with representatives of Atira, Symplectic Ltd and Thomson Reuters, among others

Promoting Open Access to research: an Institutional Repository for Leeds Metropolitan University

The scientific journal as we know it today can be traced back to Henry Oldenburg who created the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Phil Trans) in 1665 and: “understood that if only he could attract the majority of Europe’s significant scientific authors to register their discoveries in the Phil Trans, his innovative use of print technology would become a defining moment of the European scientific movement.” (Guédon, 2001) So was born a paradigm that lasted for more than 300 years. Modern scholarly journals, like their venerable forbear, do not pay authors for their articles and the majority of scholars publish their research in peer-reviewed journals not for financial, but for professional gain (Yiotis, 2005). However, the “system of scholarly communication that has existed for hundreds of years” described by Yiotis evolved in the age of print at a time when scholarly output was relatively small. As the number of universities and associated research output increased in the 19th and 20th centuries, commercial publishers became interested in a market with an established creative source and pattern of consumption. Consequently, in the 1970s journal prices began to rise faster than inflation, having a negative impact on serials collections in libraries who could afford to subscribe to fewer and fewer of the expensive journals; the so-called “serials pricing crisis” (Guédon, 2001). The unsustainable price rises of traditionally published journals coincided with the emergence of the internet and in 1990 Stevan Harnad introduced Psycoloquy, the first peer-reviewed scientific journal on the internet, which paved the way for free academic publishing on the web after 1993. Open Access, which had been “physically and economically impossible in the age of print, even if the copyright holder wanted it” (Suber, n.d.), was now possible

Finding the balance in complex regional pain syndrome. Expertise, optimism, and evidence

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), perhaps more than any other chronic pain disorder, is perplexing. It is highly disabling, particularly once it has “set in,” and it has a tendency to polarize the community—some view it as a quasidiagnosis to obscure malingering or conceal substandard clinical skills,1 and others as a multiple system overprotective response.2 What is agreed is that its pathophysiology is not completely understood and that it is difficult to treat. In light of this rather murky backdrop, we welcome the new perspectives article in this issue of Neurology® by Birklein et al.3 They describe their own clinical approach to the problem and their impressions of what works, what does not, and where the field might be heading. The lead author is the most prolific and arguably the most important researcher in this field, and the article clearly draws on a wealth of expertise and clinical experience probably unmatched globally. The article reminds us of the remaining substantial challenges that we face: for example, the need for prospective studies, higher quality clinical trials and audits, and a putative model that accounts for the transition from acute CRPS to chronic CRPS, which is arguably characterized by distinct pathophysiology. Anyone who treats a good number of CRPS patients will recognize the clinical patterns to which the authors allude and be comforted by the realization that even this group, at the top of the field, share the same substantial treatment challenges.G.L.M. is supported by a Principal Research Fellowship from the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia ID 1061279

Digital literacy in practice: Developing an interactive and accessible open educational resource based on the SCONUL Seven Pillars of Information Literacy

As part of a review of the undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum at Leeds Metropolitan University, digital literacy was formally adopted as a graduate attribute in 2011. Libraries and Learning Innovation (LLI) have since been working on ways to improve the digital literacy of staff and students through a variety of means including promotion of Open Educational Resources (OER). This paper deals with one of those projects: the use of Xerte Online Toolkits (XOT) to create interactive resources which are supported by mobile devices. This ongoing project is truly collaborative, with members of academic staff and library staff (academic librarians, learning technologists and the repository developer) working together to create useful tools to support learning. The XOT project resulted from an audit by the university’s Open Educational Resources Group (led by LLI) which identified a need for mobile-friendly tutorials. From this, an interactive tutorial focussing on the SCONUL 7 Pillars of Information Literacy was developed. With the addition of new software to create interactive subject guides, the project aims to create more interactive resources to support students’ digital literacy

On a linear program for minimum-weight triangulation

Minimum-weight triangulation (MWT) is NP-hard. It has a polynomial-time constant-factor approximation algorithm, and a variety of effective polynomial-time heuristics that, for many instances, can find the exact MWT. Linear programs (LPs) for MWT are well-studied, but previously no connection was known between any LP and any approximation algorithm or heuristic for MWT. Here we show the first such connections: For an LP formulation due to Dantzig, Hoffman, and Hu [Math. Programming, 31 (1985), pp. 1-14], (i) the integrality gap is constant, and (ii) given any instance, if the aforementioned heuristics find the MWT, then so does the LP. © 2014 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics

The radiative forcing potential of different climate geoengineering options

Climate geoengineering proposals seek to rectify the Earth's current and potential future radiative imbalance, either by reducing the absorption of incoming solar (shortwave) radiation, or by removing CO2 from the atmosphere and transferring it to long-lived reservoirs, thus increasing outgoing longwave radiation. A fundamental criterion for evaluating geoengineering options is their climate cooling effectiveness, which we quantify here in terms of radiative forcing potential. We use a simple analytical approach, based on energy balance considerations and pulse response functions for the decay of CO2 perturbations. This aids transparency compared to calculations with complex numerical models, but is not intended to be definitive. It allows us to compare the relative effectiveness of a range of proposals. We consider geoengineering options as additional to large reductions in CO2 emissions. By 2050, some land carbon cycle geoengineering options could be of comparable magnitude to mitigation "wedges", but only stratospheric aerosol injections, albedo enhancement of marine stratocumulus clouds, or sunshades in space have the potential to cool the climate back toward its pre-industrial state. Strong mitigation, combined with global-scale air capture and storage, afforestation, and bio-char production, i.e. enhanced CO2 sinks, might be able to bring CO2 back to its pre-industrial level by 2100, thus removing the need for other geoengineering. Alternatively, strong mitigation stabilising CO2 at 500 ppm, combined with geoengineered increases in the albedo of marine stratiform clouds, grasslands, croplands and human settlements might achieve a patchy cancellation of radiative forcing. Ocean fertilisation options are only worthwhile if sustained on a millennial timescale and phosphorus addition may have greater long-term potential than iron or nitrogen fertilisation. Enhancing ocean upwelling or downwelling have trivial effects on any meaningful timescale. Our approach provides a common framework for the evaluation of climate geoengineering proposals, and our results should help inform the prioritisation of further research into them