Rapport d'atelier de diffusion et de partage de la prévision saisonnière des précipitations de 2023

Le Mardi 09 mai 2023, s’est tenu à l’hôtel ONOMO de Dakar, l’atelier de présentation des résultats de la prévision saisonnière des précipitations et des écoulements des cours d’eau au Sénégal pour l’hivernage 2023. Cet atelier, organisé par le Cadre National des Service Climatologiques (CNSC), piloté par l’Agence nationale de l’Aviation civile et de la Météorologie (ANACIM), a vu la participation des membres des différents sectoriels du CNSC, de la presse et des organisations faîtières

Randomized Trial of Piperaquine with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine or Dihydroartemisinin for Malaria Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Children

BACKGROUND: The long terminal half life of piperaquine makes it suitable for intermittent preventive treatment for malaria but no studies of its use for prevention have been done in Africa. We did a cluster randomized trial to determine whether piperaquine in combination with either dihydroartemisin (DHA) or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is as effective, and better tolerated, than SP plus amodiaquine (AQ), when used for intermittent preventive treatment in children delivered by community health workers in a rural area of Senegal. METHODS: Treatments were delivered to children 3-59 months of age in their homes once per month during the transmission season by community health workers. 33 health workers, each covering about 60 children, were randomized to deliver either SP+AQ, DHA+PQ or SP+PQ. Primary endpoints were the incidence of attacks of clinical malaria, and the incidence of adverse events. RESULTS: 1893 children were enrolled. Coverage of monthly rounds and compliance with daily doses was similar in all groups; 90% of children received at least 2 monthly doses. Piperaquine combinations were better tolerated than SP+AQ with a significantly lower risk of common, mild adverse events. 103 episodes of clinical malaria were recorded during the course of the trial. 68 children had malaria with parasitaemia >3000/microL, 29/671 (4.3%) in the SP+AQ group, compared with 22/604 (3.6%) in the DHA+PQ group (risk difference 0.47%, 95%CI -2.3%,+3.3%), and 17/618 (2.8%) in the SP+PQ group (risk difference 1.2%, 95%CI -1.3%,+3.6%). Prevalences of parasitaemia and the proportion of children carrying Pfdhfr and Pfdhps mutations associated with resistance to SP were very low in all groups at the end of the transmission season. CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal IPT with SP+PQ in children is highly effective and well tolerated; the combination of two long-acting drugs is likely to impede the emergence of resistant parasites. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00529620

Biodiversité Et Structure Des Ligneux De La Forêt Classée De Maka Diama Dans Le Delta Du Fleuve Sénégal

Le barrage anti-sel de Diama, érigé dans la zone centrale du delta du fleuve Sénégal, a créé de profondes mutations au niveau de l’environnement de la vallée. La Forêt Classée de Maka Diama (FCMD), aménagée au niveau de ce delta en 1934 par l’administration coloniale n’est pas épargnée. La présente étude fait l’état de lieux de la forêt, elle décrit la composition floristique et la structure des ligneux. La base de sondage a été des images satellitaires indiquant les différentes entités écologiques de cette forêt. La végétation ligneuse a été caractérisée par inventaire suivant une approche dendrométrique. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que la FCMD présente une biodiversité relativement faible avec 13 espèces appartenant à 11 genres et 9 familles. L’espèce Acacia tortilis var.raddiana (Savi) Brenan (39,67 %) est la plus abondante, elle est suivie de Salvadora persica L. (16,99%) et de Tamarix senegalensis DC (12,13 %), Euphorbia balsamifera Ait. (11,21 %) et Prosopis juliflora (SW.) (10,38 %). La présence de T. senegalensis considéré comme un indicateur de salinité, pourrait aussi expliquer cette faible biodiversité des ligneux. La FCMD est globalement arbustif. C’est un bassin versant constitué d’une relique de savane arborée au centre du bassin qui constitue son noyau (F1) et qui évolue en une steppe arbustive vers la périphérie (F3). Avec la diversité des activités menées autour de la forêt, il semble indispensable de prendre des mesures appropriées de limitation ou d’interdiction d’accès, dans l’intérêt de la protection de la biodiversité. The Diama anti-salt dam, built in the central zone of the Senegal River delta, has created profound changes in the environment of the entire valley. The Maka Diama Classified Forest (FCMD), developed at the level of this delta in 1934 by the colonial administration is not spared. This study presents an inventory of the forest, describing the floristic composition and structure of ligneous trees. The sampling frame was satellite images showing the different ecological features of this forest. Woody vegetation was characterized by inventory using a dendrometric approach. The results of this study show that the FCMD has a relatively low biodiversity with only 13 species belonging to 11 genera and 9 families. Acacia tortilis var.raddiana (Savi) Brenan (39.67%) is more abundant, followed by Salvadora persica L. (16.99%), Tamarix senegalensis DC (12.13%), Euphorbia balsamifera Ait. (11.21%) and Prosopis juliflora (SW.) (10.38%). The presence of T. senegalensis, considered as an indicator of salinity, could also explain the low plant biodiversity observed on ligneous trees. The FCMD is generally shrubby. It is a catchment area made up of a relic of savannah trees in the centre of the basin which constitutes its nucleus (F1) and which evolves towards a shrub steppe towards the periphery (F3). With the diversity of activities carried out around the forest, it seems essential to take appropriate measures to limit or prohibit access, in the interestn of protecting biodiversity

Monitoring the efficacy and safety of three artemisinin based-combinations therapies in Senegal: results from two years surveillance

BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a major public health problem in developing countries. Then in these countries prompt access to effective antimalarial treatment such as Artemisinin based-Combination Therapies (ACT) proves to be an essential tool for controlling the disease. In Senegal, since 2006 a nationwide scaling up program of ACT is being implemented. In this context it has become relevant to monitor ACT efficacy and provide recommendations for the Senegalese national malaria control program. METHODS: An open randomized trial was conducted during two malaria transmission seasons (2011 and 2012) to assess the efficacy and safety of three combinations: dihydro-artemisinin-piperaquine (DHAPQ), artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ). The primary end point of the study was represented by a PCR adjusted adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) at day 28. Secondary end points included: (i) a ACPR at days 35 and 42, (ii) a parasite and fever clearance time, (iii) ACTs safety and tolerability. The 2003 WHO’s protocol for antimalarial drug evaluation was used to assess each outcome. RESULTS: Overall, 534 patients were randomized selected to receive, either ASAQ (n = 180), AL (n = 178) or DHAPQ (n = 176). The PCR adjusted ACPR at day 28 was 99.41% for the group ASAQ, while that was 100% in the AL and DHAPQ groups (p = 0.37). The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated at 99.37% in the ASAQ arm versus 100% in AL and DHAPQ arm at day 35 (p = 0.37). At day 42, the ACPR was 99.27% in the ASAQ group versus 100% for both AL and DHAPQ groups, (p = 0.36). No serious adverse event was noted during the study period. Also a similar safety profile was noted in the 3 study groups. CONCLUSION: In the context of scaling up of ACTs in Senegal, ASAQ, AL and DHAPQ are highly effective and safe antimalarial drugs. However, it’s remains important to continue to monitor their efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PACTR 201305000552290

Les violences conjugales à Dakar

L'objectif était d'évaluer les aspects épidémiologiques des violences conjugales, identifier les facteurs de risques et les différents types de violences conjugales, évaluer les conséquences des violences conjugales sur la santé des victimes, afin d'améliorer la prise en charge des victimes et la prévention du phénomène. Il s'est agit d'une étude transversale effectuée de décembre 2012 à janvier 2013 à Dakar. Les données ont été recueillies, après consentement, sur fiche d'enquête anonyme soumise à toute personne volontaire vivant en couple et résidant à Dakar. L'analyse statistique a été effectuée avec le logiciel SPSS 13.0. Le nombre de personnes victimes de violences conjugales était de 60 soit 37,30 % dont 31 femmes (51,70 %) et 29 hommes (48,30 %). Le sex-ratio était de 0,93. Parmi les victimes, 53 étaient scolarisées soit 88,30 %. Le régime matrimonial était de type monogame dans 39 cas (65 %) et polygame dans 21 cas (35 %). La vie en couple durait depuis moins de 11 ans dans 60 % des cas et durait de 11 ans à 20 ans au plus dans 26,6 % des cas. L'étude des types de violences montrait la fréquence des agressions physiques. Les armes utilisées étaient surtout les armes naturelles. Les principaux facteurs de risque de violence conjugale sont les facteurs sociodémographiques, culturels et économiques comme le jeune âge, l'inégalité du genre, les jeunes couples, la précarité, le niveau d'instruction élevé. La prise en charge des victimes et la prévention du phénomène restent insuffisantes dans nos pays.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

Stabilization of Boumkaye’s Drink for an Accessibility in the Markets

Boumkaye is a fermented drink made from millet, and prepared according to a traditional process from Casamance’s region in Senegal. Still consumed for its anthelmintic properties, Boumkaye is obtained after maturation marked by two stages of fermentation (lactic and alcoholic). The main limits of this drink are the spontaneous nature of the fermentation and its instability. The objectives of this study is to stabilize this drink after fermentation step. For this purpose, an autoclave heat treatment at 120°C/15 minutes scale has been proposed. Two types of sterilized Boumkaye (crude and fermented) were kept at two temperatures (4 and 25°C) for one year follow-up. The sterilization tests on crude Boumkaye and fermented Boumkaye provided excellent microbiological and nutritional quality. No germ was detected during the entire storage period. In addition, Boumkaye beverages can be stored at 25°C (room temperature) for a minimum of one year while preserving all its organoleptic and therapeutic properties. This is a considerable asset for future industrial exploitation

Efficacy and tolerability of a new formulation of artesunate-mefloquine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in adult in Senegal: open randomized trial

BACKGROUND: Prompt treatment of malaria attacks with arteminisin-based combination therapy (ACT) is an essential tool for malaria control. A new co-blister tablet of artesunate-mefloquine (AM) with 25 mg/kg mefloquine has been developed for the management of uncomplicated malaria attacks. This non-inferiority randomized trial, was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the new formulation of AM in comparison to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in adults in Senegal. METHODS: The study was carried out from September to December 2010 in two health centres in Senegal. The study end points included (i) PCR corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) at day 28, (ii) ACPR at days 42 and 63, (iii) parasites and fever clearance time, (iv) incidence of adverse events and patients biological profile at day 7 using the WHO 2003 protocol for anti-malarial drug evaluation. RESULTS: Overall, 310 patients were randomized to receive either AM (n = 157) or AL (n = 153). PCR corrected ACPR at day 28 was at 95.5% in the AM arm while that in the AL arm was at 96.7% (p = 0.83). Therapeutic efficacy was at 98.5% in the AM arm versus 98.2% in the AL group at day 42 (p = 1). At day 63, ACPR in the AM and AL arms was at 98.2% and 97.7%, respectively (p = 0.32). The two treatments were well tolerated with similar biological profile at day 7. However, dizziness was more frequent in the AM arm. CONCLUSION: Artesunate-mefloquine (25 mg/Kg mefloquine) is efficacious and well-tolerated for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in adult patients

Efficacy and tolerability of four antimalarial combinations in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Senegal

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In view of the high level of chloroquine resistance in many countries, WHO has recommended the use of combination therapy with artemisinin derivatives in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria due to <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it>. Four antimalarial drug combinations, artesunate plus amodiaquine (Arsucam^®), artesunate plus mefloquine (Artequin^®), artemether plus lumefantrine (Coartem^®; four doses and six doses), and amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, were studied in five health districts in Senegal.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is a descriptive, analytical, open, randomized study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of these four antimalarial combinations in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria using the 2002 WHO protocol.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All drug combinations demonstrated good efficacy. On day 28, all combinations resulted in an excellent clinical and parasitological response rate of 100% after correction for PCR results, except for the four-dose artemether-lumefantrine regimen (96.4%). Follow-up of approximately 10% of each treatment group on day 42 demonstrated an efficacy of 100%.</p> <p>The combinations were well tolerated clinically and biologically. No unexpected side-effect was observed and all side-effects disappeared at the end of treatment. No serious side-effect requiring premature termination of treatment was observed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The four combinations are effective and well-tolerated.</p