Effets de la fertilisation organo- minérale sur la croissance et le rendement du « mil sanio » (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br) en Haute Casamance (Sénégal)

La présente étude vise à identifier le meilleur plan de fumure organominérale pour une bonne production en grains du mil Sanio au Sud du Sénégal. Un dispositif expérimental en split-plot avec 03 répétitions a été mis en place. Le facteur principal est la fertilisation minérale (FM) avec quatre niveaux (FM1, FM2, FM3 et FM4) et le facteur secondaire, l’amendement organique (AO) avec trois traitements (AO1, AO2 et AO3). Les résultats ont montré qu’à maturité les tailles des plantes les plus élevées ont été obtenues avec les apports AO3 (291,1 cm) et FM4 (284,2 cm). Le tallage le plus important a été noté avec le traitement FM4 (15 talles/poquet). Des gains respectifs de 26%, 32% et 56% du rendement en biomasse aérienne sèche sont obtenus avec l’augmentation des doses d’engrais minéral. Les rendements en grains les plus élevés sont obtenus avec les apports FM2 et FM4 avec des taux d’accroissements respectifs de 37,1% et 62,3% par rapport au témoin non fertilisé. Dans le cadre de l’amélioration durable de la productivité du mil sanio en Haute Casamance, l’association AO2 et FM2 d’engrais minéral serait une pratique à vulgariser. This study aims to identify the best organo-mineral fertilization plan for a good grain production of sanio millet. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three repetitions. The main factor is the mineral fertilization (FM) with four levels (FM1, FM2, FM3 and FM4) and a secondary factor, the organic amendment (AO) with three treatments (AO1, AO2 and AO3). The results showed that at maturity the highest plant sizes were obtained with AO3 (291.1 cm) and FM4 (284.2 cm) inputs. The most important tillering was noted with the FM4 treatment (15 tillers / pouch). Increase respective of 26%, 32% and 56% of biomass production were obtained with the increase of the mineral fertilizer doses. The highest grain yields are obtained with the FM3 and FM4 inputs with respective growth rates of 37.1% and 62.3% compared to the control. In the context of the sustainable management of the productivity of the sanio millet in Casamance higher land, the the combination of AO2 and FM2 of mineral fertilizer could be advised to farmers

Experimental Studies of the Electrical Nonlinear Bimodal Transmission Line

After a few years of calm, the investigations on the dynamic, especially nonlinear, systems returned to the front of the research in non-linear physics. We propose, in this chapter, a study of an electrical nonlinear transmission line, realized in a previous work, to use the latter to highlight certain properties (modulation instability—MI, Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) recurrence, fragmentation of solitons in wave trains, multiplication(increase) and division of frequencies, etc.), which are observed in several domains in applied physics: hydraulic, artificial neuronal, network physical appearance (physics) of the plasma, and the circulation

Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse for Agriculture in Senegal

This paper reports on the performance of using a multistage constructed wetland (CW) to treat municipal raw wastewater and an analysis of its suitability for agricultural irrigation. The pilot plant consists of two stages of vertical flow CWs plus one stage of a horizontal CW built in 2018 with diferent local materials at the Gaston Berger University Campus, Saint Louis (Senegal). Each CW stage is composed of several filters with di erent type of media (silex, granite, or river gravel), filtering media depths, and macrophytes (Phragmites and Typha). The physicochemical and microbiological indicators were monitored over six months at each bed inlet and outlet to evaluate the e ciency and achievements of the Senegalese, European, and WHO regulations/recommendations for disposal or reuse in irrigation. This study demonstrates the viability of this new multistage CW design to treat raw municipal wastewater and produce an e uent of good quality suitable for reuse in agriculture. The removal of organic matter, suspended solids, and nutrients was very high (>95% for SS, BOD5 and N-NH4 +, >90% for COD and P-PO4 3 as was the reduction of microbiological indicators (fecal coliform reduction >5 log units and helminth egg removal of 100%). First, trends related to the influence of design (the type of gravel, filter depth, and type of macrophyte), operational modes, and the CW treatment eciency were determined. The use of non-crushed gravel and Typha spp. seemed to provide better removal rates. On the contrary, no diferences were found between the use of silex or granite gravel. For the studied Senegalese conditions under dry and hot climates, the preliminary results indicate that no resting periods are necessary for vertical flow CWs (VFCWs), thus resulting in a reduction in construction and operation costs. The main outcome of our study is evidence that multistage CWs can provide robust, cost-efective treatments, as well as allow for safe water reuse, which is imperative in areas with severe water scarcity and endemic microbiological waterborne diseases

Lipid profile frequency and the prevalence of dyslipidaemia from biochemical tests at Saint Louis University Hospital in Senegal

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of lipid profile requests and the  prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients at the biochemistry laboratory of St. Louis University Hospital, as well as their correlation with sex and age. Methods: This was a retrospective study reviewing 14,116  laboratory results of patients of both sexes, over a period of six months (January-June 2013) regardless of the indication for the request. The lipid parameters included were: Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, trig lycerides with normal values defined as follows: Total cholesterol (<2g/l), HDL- cholesterol (>0,40g/l), LDL- cholesterol (<1,30g/l) and Triglycerides (<1,50g/l). Results: The average age of our study population was 55.15 years with a female predorminance (M/F=0.60). The age group most represented was that between 55-64 years. The frequency of lipid profile request in our sample was 9.41% (or 1,329). The overall prevalence of isolated hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDLaemia,  hypoHDLaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and mixed hyperlipidemia were respectively 60.91%, 66.27%, 26.58%, 4.57% and 2.75%. Hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDLaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and mixed hyperlipidaemia were higher in women with respectively 66.22%, 67.98%, 4.58%, 2.89% than in men (52.01%, 62.81%, 4.44% and 2.40% respectively). On the other hand, the prevalence of hypoHDLaemia was higher in males (32.19%) compared to females (23.76%). Hypercholesterolemia correlated  significantly with age and sex. Conclusion: Our study showed a relatively low request rate for lipid profile and a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia hence the importance of conducting a major study on the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated factors in the Senegalese population.Key words: Lipid profile, dyslipidaemia, prevalence, Senega

Indications and Morbidity of Reoperative Thyroid Surgeries in a Military Hospital of Senegal

Objectives. To describe reoperative thyroid surgeries in our department. Study Design. Retrospective cross-sectional and descriptive study at the Ouakam Military Hospital in Dakar (Senegal), over a period of eight and a half years. Methods. The study involved all records of patients who had a reoperative thyroidectomy regardless of the indication and time of the second surgery. Parameters evaluated for first and reoperative surgery were time interval between the two surgeries, operative indications, surgical procedures, intraoperative findings, pathological examination, and morbidity. Results. 30 records of patients were selected out of a total of 698 thyroidectomies (4.3%). Thyroid cancers diagnosed on first surgical specimens were the first indications of reoperations (46.67%) followed by neck hematoma (20%). Completion thyroidectomy with a prophylactic central lymph nodes dissection was the most performed surgical procedure (43.33%) followed by haemostasis (20%). During reoperation, we found active bleeding (20%), textiloma (6.67%), and fourth branchial cleft fistula (3.33%). The morbidity accounted for 10%: lymphorrhea, permanent hypocalcemia, and permanent recurrent nerve palsy, in one case, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the morbidity in patients reoperated on and the one for patients operated on once. Conclusion. We did not find an increased risk of postoperative morbidity after reintervention

Forage resources and animals’ feeding in southern groudnut bassin and eastern regions of Senegal

Rainfall disturbances, a consequence of the effects of climate change, aggravated by anthropogenic pressure on vegetation, are leading to the progressive disappearance of several adapted local plant species in the so-called "groundnut basin" and eastern Senegal. Also, the clearing of land for agriculture potentiates and amplifies this degradation. At this rate, the loss of most of the local plant, forage and forest resources will follow. As part of a multi-species census and collection of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, an inventory of available forage resources in the groundnut basin and eastern Senegal was made. This inventory was made by field observations triangulated with interview data. The results show that the methods and level of exploitation of natural forage resources and crop residues differ from one area to another. The natural rangeland, which still constitutes the essential part of domestic ruminants feed in these regions, is in continuous degradation. In fact, this rangeland in groundnut basin is not very diversified like southern area, with a low index of quality and volume of pastures. Crop residues are abundant but not very varied. They represent an interest for the breeders of this zone and their sale prices can sometimes exceed those of the harvested products. This is a snapshot of the situation, valid for a given time. This situation is dynamic and can change significantly from one moment to the next. Nevertheless, the results obtained will make it possible to conceive methods of conservation and production of the identified species; in order to identify the best methods of management and sustainable use

Synthesis, physical studies and crystal structure determination of Y(III) and Er(III) complexes of 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridine-2-ylmethylene)hydrazine

Two isotype mononuclear yttrium(III) and erbium(III) complexes, {[Y(HL)(OAc)2(H2O)2]. (H2O)∙(NO3)} (1) and {[Er(HL) (OAc)2(H2O)2].(H2O)∙(NO3)} (2), where HL is the neutral Schiff base ligand 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridine-2-ylmethylene)hydrazine, and OAc is the acetate anion, have been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods and single crystal X-ray determination. Both complexes crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pī with unit cell dimensions for complex of Y(III) a = 7.909 (2) Å, b = 11.718 (4) Å, c = 12.497 (3) Å,    α = 78.907 (3)°, b = 73.840 (3)°, γ = 72.074 (3)°, V = 1051.26 (6) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.051 and    wR2 = 0.112 and for complex of Er(III)a = 7.913 (1) Å, b = 11.719 (2) Å, c = 12.487 (2) Å,          α = 78.832 (1)°, α = 73.674 (1)°, γ = 72.012 (1)°, V = 1049.64 (3) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.028, and   wR2 = 0.062. In both complexes, the coordination polyhedra around Ln(III) atoms are best described as a distorted tricapped trigonal prism. Antioxidant activities of the ligand and its Y(III) and Er(III) complexes are studied

Unruptured tubal pregnancy in the second trimester

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Identification morphométrique des populations de Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) inféodées à trois céréales à Widou Thiengoli

Objectif: Tribolium castaneum, est un coléoptère qui a la capacité d’infester toutes les céréales et légumineuses entreposées. Sa capacité à dérouler son cycle de développement sur divers substrats alimentaires a suscité des réflexions sur son adaptabilité morphologique. Cette étude a pour objectif d’identifier la morphologie de T. castaneum à Widou sur différentes céréales.Méthodologie et résultats: Trois populations ont été définies en fonction de la céréale (maïs, mil ou riz) sur laquelle T. castaneum a déroulé son cycle de développement. Chacune des populations est constituée de 30 adultes mâles. Sur chaque adulte, 19 variables ont été mesurées. Les distances entre des yeux dorsalement et ventralement (Dyd, Dyv), la largeur du fémur_3 (lf3) et des élytres (lme) sont éliminées de l’analyse car ne présentant aucune variabilité entre les différents individus. Les 15 variables restantes sont utilisées pour des Analyses en Composante Principale. La taille est le premier facteur qui discrimine la population mil des autres. Suite à la transformation logarithmique des données brutes, l’Analyse discriminante a montré une différence de forme entre les trois populations. La classification ascendante hiérarchique a montré trois groupes morphométriques. Le groupe_1 dominé par les individus du mil est plus morphologiquement homogène. Le groupe_2 est dominé par les individus du riz et le groupe_3, le plus morphologiquement hétérogène, ne renferme que des individus du maïs.Conclusion et application des résultats: Ce présent travail contribue à la mise en place d’une lutte intégrée contre T. castaneum. La connaissance de la diversité populationnelle de ce ravageur primaire des céréales stockées est nécessaire pour la mise en place une lutte adaptée selon sa variabilité morphogénétique.Mots clés: Tribolium castaneum, biotype, ACP, morphométrie, AD, Widou Thiengoli, CAHEnglish Title: Morphometric identification of populations of Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) subservient to three cereals at Widou ThiengoliEnglish AbstractObjective: Tribolium castaneum is a beetle that has the ability to infest all stored cereals and legumes. Its ability to unfold its development cycle on various food substrates has prompted reflections on its morphological adaptability. This study aims to identify the morphology of T. castaneum in Widou Thiengoli on different cereals.Methodology and results: Three populations were defined according to cereals (maize, millet or rice) on which T. castaneum developed its development cycle. Each population consists of 30 adult males. On each adult, 19 variables were measured. The distances between the dorsal and ventral eyes (Dyd, Dyv), the width of the femur_3 (lf3) and the elytra (lme) are eliminated from the analysis because no variability between the different individuals. The remaining 15 variables are used for Principal Component Analyzes. Size is the primary factor that discriminates the millet population of others. Following the logarithmic transformation of the raw data, Discriminant Analysis showed a difference in shape between the three populations. Hierarchical ascending classification showed three morphometric groups. The group_1 dominated by biotype millet individuals is more morphologically homogeneous. Rice individuals dominate group 2 and group 3, the most morphologically heterogeneous, contains only maize individuals.Conclusion and application of results: There is a morphological difference between the three populations of T. castaneum defined according to the food support, but the hypothesis of a morphological adaptation of T. castaneum on different food substrates can only be confirmed by varying the geographical sites. This present work contributes to the setting up of integrated struggle of T. castaneum. Knowledge of the population diversity of this primary pest of stored grains is necessary for the setting up of an adapted struggle according to its genetic variability.Keywords: Tribolium castaneum, biotype, PCA, morphometry, AD, Widou Thiengoli, CA