FINANCIAL CRISIS IN SOUTH ASIA AND ITS IMPACT ON POVERTY IN PAKISTAN, A CASE STUDY OF SINDH BY USING CGE-MODEL

This research investigates the economic recession and its impact on poverty in Sindh. Data were collected from 2000 respondents from five districts of upper Sindh, by using simple random technique; structural questionnaire was design as a measurement tool. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.5 version. It was revealed that poverty is raised by 15 percent from last six month in these selected areas. Peoples purchasing power is decreased and most of the cases they won’t have three meals. It was also observed that in few areas people were mentally disturbed due to the overall economic recession. Purchasing power of rural people regarding basic needs were also declines by 10 percent. It was revealed that poverty in Rural Sindh is increasing compare with Punjab and N.W.F.P. and Baluchistan. The government has initiated different projects with recently but the impact is not big due to over unemployment. It was further revealed that poverty is on peak in Rural Sindh People are selling their children for only Rs.25000. The results shows that in order to reduce rural poverty, in Pakistan government should give highest priority to the rural areas of Sindh these types of investments not only have much larger poverty impacts per rupee spent than any other government investment, but also generate higher productivity growth. Apart from government they should think about the way to reduce the poverty in rural areas.Global, Economic, Recession, Poverty, Pakistan

Salt pollution of ground water

An experimental model study was conducted to determine the behavior of induced motion in a salt water body overlain by fresh water. For the study, a narrow tank was constructed from plastic sheets of 0.25-inch thickness. The tank's overall length was 100 inches, its depth, 51 inches, and width, 0.06 inch. Salt water of various concentrations was injected always at the same level in the lower part of the tank. Fresh water, added at the top of the tank, was drawn out under the action of suction head through a 0.25-inch diameter nylon tube fixed at the top of the tank. The fresh water and salt water were fed to the tank from separate reservoirs. About seven discharge intervals, five concentrations, and only one level of salt water were used. For a given concentration, the development of the saline mound to a steady state was recorded for various discharges. The procedure was repeated for other concentrations. Before the start of each experiment, the tank and the reservoirs were thoroughly rinsed to eliminate any salt particles left from a previous experiment. The graphic plots for the rise of the saline mounds, the discharges of fresh water, and salt concentrations are nonlinear. The plot of rise versus discharge is concave upward, the one for rise versus concentration is convex downward, and the one for concentration versus discharge is convex upward.Project # B-043-MO Agreement # 14-31-0001-329

Financial Development, Tourism and Economic Growth Nexus: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

This study explores the connection between tourism and economic growth keeping in view the importance of financial development in Pakistan. The outcomes of the study revealed that tourism and economic growth are co-integrated. Moreover, the results highlighted that tourism upsurges economic growth both in the short and long term in Pakistan. Similarly, the financial liberalization by and large has also the same impact on economic growth like tourism. Nonetheless, the coefficient of financial liberalization is having correct sign, but not that much overwhelming effect in the short run

Dišni poremećaji i poremećaji u ponašanju indijskoga šarana Labeo rohita (Hamilton) uzrokovani cipermetrinom.

A short term definitive test by the static renewal bioassay method was conducted to determine the acute toxicity (LC50) of technical grade pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin (92.25%) in freshwater indigenous carp, Labeo rohita. Carp fingerlings were exposed to different concentrations (2.0 to 6.0 μg/L) of cypermethrin for 96 h. The acute toxicity value was found to be 4.0 μg/L and one fi fth of LC50 (0.57 μg/L) was selected for sub acute studies. Behavioural patterns and oxygen consumption were studied in lethal (1, 2, 3 and 4 d) and sub lethal concentrations (1, 5, 10 and 15 d). Carp in toxic media exhibited irregular, erratic and darting swimming movements, hyper excitability, loss of equilibrium and sinking to the bottom, which might be due to inactivation of (AChE) acetyl cholinesterase activity which results in excess accumulation of acetylcholine in the cholinergic synapses leading to hyperstimulation. Variation in oxygen consumption (1.289 to 17.409 %; 20.580 to 109.77 %) was observed in both lethal and sub lethal concentrations of cypermethrin respectively. Alterations in oxygen consumption may be due to respiratory distress as a consequence of impairment in oxidative metabolism. Fish in the sublethal concentration were found under stress, but that was not fatal.Brzi test statičke metode obnove rabljen je za određivanje akutne toksičnosti (LC50) piretroidnoga insekticida cipermetrina (92,25%) u autohtonoga slatkovodnoga indijskoga šarana, Labeo rohita. Šaranska mlađ bila je izložena različitim koncentracijama (2,0 do 6,0 μg/L) cipermetrina tijekom 96 sati. Akutna toksična doza iznosila je 4,0 μg/L, a jedna petina LC50 (0,57 μg/L) bila je uzeta za subakutno trovanje. Način ponašanja i potrošnja kisika bili su promatrani nakon izlaganja letalnim (1, 2, 3 i 4 d) i subletalnim koncentracijama (1, 5, 10 i 15 d). Šarani su u toksičnom mediju pokazivali nepravilno, lutajuće i nasrtajuće plivanje, razdražljivost, gubitak ravnoteže, potonuće na dno što se može pripisati oslabljenoj aktivnosti acetilkolinesteraze što dovodi do suvišnog nakupljanja acetilkolina na kolinergičnim sinapsama i time do prekomjerne stimulacije. Kolebanje u potrošnji kisika (1,289 do 17,409%; 20,580 do 109,77%) ustanovljeno je pri letalnim i subletalnim koncentracijama cipermetrina. Promjene u potrošnji kisika javljaju se zbog dišnoga poremećaja i nepravilne izmjene kisika. Ribe su pod subletalnim koncentracijama bile u stresu, koji nije bio fatalan

A rare case of neonatal Apert syndrome

Apert syndrome is a rare Type I acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome. It is a congenital disorder characterized by premature fusionof cranial sutures (craniosynostosis), malformation of skull, hands, face, and feet. Apert syndrome has an incidence of 1/50,000to 1/80,000 live births. It is classified as a branchial arch syndrome, affecting the first branchial or pharyngeal arch, the precursorof the maxilla and mandible. Disturbances in the development of branchial arches in the fetal development create lasting andwidespread effects. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant and occurs due to the gene mutations in the receptors of the fibroblastgrowth factor. Management of Apert syndrome requires multidisciplinary approach. We, hereby, report a case of a 5‑h‑old neonatewith Apert syndrome

Hormone Signaling Networks Open Multiple Routes for Immunity and Disease in Plants

Plant hormones are small signaling molecules that regulate almost every aspect of plant life cycle. Plant pathogens alter hormonal balance of the host to cause disease. In response, host redefines hormone signaling networks to cope with the invading pathogen. Biotrophic pathogens are generally sensitive to salicylic acid mediated defense responses, whereas necrotrophic pathogens are deterred through jasmonate/ethylene pathways. Interaction between these pathways is regarded as central backbone of plant immunity. Classic hormones such as auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin either promote salicylic acid or jasmonates mediated networks of immunity in plants. Here, we advocate a network biology perspective and emphasize the application of systems biology approaches for a comprehensive understanding of plantpathogen interactions