Sports Law, Its Various Issue in Iran and the World

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study is to study the rights of sports in Iran and the world, its history in Iran. The study of the factors of sports rights in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the world.Methodology: The methodology of this paper is a review study and studying the conditions governing the community as well as reviewing the constitution of Iran and referring to legal texts and sports rights. The scholar has found findings from the 19th century onwards through the review of the fatwa of the Shiite authorities and the examination of the past history of sport and the consideration of the rights of sport in Iran and the world since the 19th century.Findings: Sports rights are one of the branches of law science that examines events in sports. In general, it is possible to say that the purpose of the sporting events is all the crimes committed by athletes, teachers, trainers, spectators and sports event managers, and even sports equipment manufacturers and manufacturers, and the subject matter These incidents can be health and life and property, dignity and dignity and other legal rights of individuals who are in the same range of sports, the quantitative and qualitative scope of the above issues clearly reveals the importance of this field. Conclusion: Today, sport and education with multiple goals of physical and mental self-improvement are considered as integral parts of societies. The need for professional sport is a complex and sometimes risky engagement in sporting activities associated with adverse events and consequences. Meanwhile, the criminal liability of sports events is one of the important issues that are considered during the exercise of sports law

Investigating the impact of social media on the development of sports businesses

Sports organizations use social media to create opportunities to increase productivity, market share, market value and profitability. Mass media, especially cyberspace, play a major role in the field of social change in the present era. One of the best features of cyberspace marketing for today's businesses and job creation in the field of sports is that there is not much barrier to entering and using their facilities. Therefore, the present study focuses on the role of social media in the revenue development of sports businesses. The study population in this study is PhD students in sports management and sports media experts in Iran in this field. Samples were identified purposefully using random sampling. Data collection tools were interviews, and data analysis tools were customary content analysis and paradigmatic grounded theory. Based on the findings of interviews with participants, there are a number of factors in sports that act as requirements or barriers to the use of social media in the revenue development of the sports industry. Factors such as; Experiences in the field of using social media, scientific view on the use of social media, paying attention to the interests and standards of common professions in the world and activities in the virtual world and social media play an important role in generating revenue through the use of social media in industry. They have exercise. The results of the present study showed that the development of appropriate cultural programs can increase knowledge and awareness, improve the intellectual and cultural level of the audience. Also, based on the analysis of the results, marketing through social media has potentials that can enable economic development in the sports industry. Social media marketing through revenue generation and cost reduction can be an effective step towards improving financial problems and the sports industry

Sports indicators affecting the brand

Objective: The purpose of this study was to present a model of sport indicators affecting the brand of the country. Methodology: This is a correlational study and the statistical population of this study is PhD students in sports in Iran (N = 400). Based on Morgan's table, 144 Individuals were selected by random method. In order to achieve the research goals, a comprehensive list of sports indicators was prepared and adjusted and a researcher - made questionnaire was developed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 15 sports management professors and their reliability was in a preliminary study with 30 subjects and Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.909 . Descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data using  SPSS  and  LISREL  software. Results: The results showed that the main variables have eight general dimensions of sport tourism, sport diplomacy, sports investment, sporting-cultural, sports exports, sports people-sports, sports achievements and media sports, and has a total of 50 indicators. Conclusion:According to the results of the research and the identified indicators, the proposed model is a suitable theoretical model for sport indicators affecting the brand of the country

Persian literature course in the undergraduate medical curriculum

A serious criticism of contemporary medicine is that it is dehumanized, meaning that it ignores the patient and his/her experiences, values, and priorities as an individual human and only seeks treatment based on the latest findings in the biomedical sciences. To modify and improve this situation, the field of "medical humanities" was formed, which seeks to include human considerations in clinical practice. One of the important domains of the field of “medical humanities” is "Literature and Medicine". Literature and medicine are now taught in medical schools at all undergraduate (both in basic sciences and clinical periods) and residency levels. Broadly speaking, the reasons for this implementation are threefold. The first concerns the patient: such courses teach physicians how to listen more wisely to their patients’ narratives and how to emphasize with the patient’s and family members’ points of view on the experience of illness and treatment. The second reason concerns the physician: Reading literature enhances personal awareness and fosters the habit of self-scrutiny. The third concerns ethics: literature and literary skills empower physicians to think both empathetically and critically about moral issues and dilemmas in daily clinical practice. By reviewing the texts in the field of literature and medicine, we come across various educational programs in medical schools around the world. One of the courses in the Doctor of Medicine (MD) curriculum of Iran is Persian literature (code: 16) which three theoretical units (51 hours). This course, for which a lesson plan has not been designed in the curriculum, is usually offered to students in one of the first year. Since the Persian literature course is in the general courses section, like other courses in this section such as philosophy of ethics, Islamic ethics, and familiarity with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, – Cont

SOCIAL STATUS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

The aim of this study was to investigate the social status of physical education teachers in Hamedan province, Iran. Data gathering done by means of a researcher made questionnaire. After approving the validity by experts, the reliability approved by 11 professors through Chronbakh alpha equal to 0.87. Research society was all physical education teacher of Hamedan province consist of 800 people. The sample was estimated using Morgan table and the total number of 235 questionnaires returned and analyzed. After detecting the normal distribution of data using kolmogorov-smirnov test, independent t test and one way ANOVA were applied to test the hypothesis. A significant difference found among the mean of job interest and economic factor in samples compare to the society. In other words, teacher’s interest was higher than the average and also, the economic factors are not the main reason to choose their job. Also, significant difference found between the mean of social status of chosen jobs in sample compare to the mean of society. it means that based on respondents ideas, the social status of jobs such as seller, barber, waiter and taxi driver is lower than physical education teacher and this status is higher for physician, employee and non- physical education teacher. Totally, no matter the social status of other jobs, the credibility and status of the job of physical education teachers recognized high by respondents

Effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma on endometrial expansion in patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A double-blind RCT

Background: Adequate endometrial growth is principal for implantation and pregnancy. Thin endometrium is associated with lower pregnancy rate in assisted reproductive technology. Some frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles are cancelled due to inadequate endometrial growth. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intrauterine infusion for the treatment of thin endometrium. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients who had a history of cancelled frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle due to the thin endometrium (< 7mm) were assessed for the eligibility to enter the study between 2016 and 2017. Twelve patients were excluded for different reasons, and 60 included patients were randomly assigned to PRP or sham-catheter groups in a double-blind manner. Hormone replacement therapy was administered for endometrial preparation in all participants. PRP intrauterine infusion or sham-catheter was performed on day 11-12 due to the thin endometrium and it was repeated after 48 hr if necessary. Results: Endometrial thickness increased at 48 hr after the first intervention in both groups. All participants needed second intervention due to an inadequate endometrial expansion. After second intervention, endometrial thickness was 7.21 ± 0.18 and 5.76 ± 0.97 mm in the PRP group and sham-catheter group, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups. (p < 0.001). Embryo transfer was done for all patients in PRP group and just in six cases in the sham-catheter group. Chemical pregnancy was reported in twelve cases in the PRP group and two cases in the sham-catheter group. Conclusion: According to this trial, PRP was effective in endometrial expansion in patients with refractory thin endometrium

The Impact of New Information and Technologies on Attracting Customers to Sports Venues

Purpose: The purpose of conducting research was the effect of information and new technologies in attracting customers to sports venues in Kermanshah province. Method: According to the official statistics of the medical board, about 40,000 people are mentioned in the province's sports statistics community. The present research is applied research that is descriptive in terms of strategy and survey in terms of implementation. Data collection was done by field method and through a questionnaire. The statistical population was all customers of sports facilities in Kermanshah province. Based on Cochran's formula, 560 people were selected as a statistical sample. To collect information, Moghimi's (2010) mixed marketing questionnaires were adapted, and information technology and attracting research-made customers were used. The structural equation path analysis method was used to analyze the findings. Findings: Findings indicate that the fit of the structural model of t-coefficients for all research relationships greater than 1.96 can be confirmed by the appropriateness of the fit of the structural equation model. Conclusion: In general, it can be acknowledged that the combination of marketing and the use of information technology directly affects the process of attracting customers to sports venues, so it is recommended that managers use these strategies to highlight the competitive advantages of sports venues through the use of space. Put physical and virtual on the agenda

Investigating the Mediatory Role of Self-Efficacy Beliefs in the Relationship between Self-Perception, Peer Support, and Subjective Well-Being in Visually Impaired Teenagers

Background: Subjective well-being is considered as one of the most important measures for the health of a society, and it refers to emotional improvement to be able to enjoy life. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the mediatory role of self-efficacy beliefs in the relationship between self-perception, peer support, and subjective well-being in visually impaired teenagers. Methods: The study was a descriptive correlation performed by path analysis. The statistical population included all female students with visual impairment in Kermanshah city and 176 of which were selected as the sample of the study using convenience sampling. The research instruments included Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB), the Self-Concept Scale, the Peer Support Questionnaire, and Self-Efficacy Beliefs Questionnaire. The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis with AMOS software. Results: The results showed that all the direct paths, except for the path from self-perception to subjective well-being, were significant (P= 0.0001). Moreover, the indirect paths through self-efficacy beliefs to subjective well-being were also significant (P= 0.0001). Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the proposed model had a good fit, and is an important step in identifying the factors affecting the subjective well-being of adolescents with visual impairment. Keywords: Visual impairment, Subjective well-being, Self-perception, Peer support, Self-efficacy beliefs

Comparison Study on Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Paste and Fluoride Gel on Remineralization of Demineralized Enamel Lesions

Objective: Tooth surface undergoes continuous remineralization and demineralization. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Caseinphosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP- ACP) paste and Fluoride gel on the microhardness of demineralized enamel lesions.Methods: Frothy eight specimens of premolar teeth were chosen and randomly divided to 4 groups of 12. After the initial measurement of micro-hardness the specimens were immersed in demineralizing solution for 4 day and then the measurements were recorded again. Two groups (GL and G3) were treated with CPP-ACP and Fluoride gel respectively according to manufacturer’s instruction. Two other groups (G2 and G4) were treated with CPP-ACP and fluoride gel every week for three months. After the treatments all specimens were taken into PH-cycling and the micro- hardness for each one were measured again. For data analysis, the Repeated Measures ANOVA test and the LSD tests were performed. In each group the percentage of micro-hardness recovery was measured.Results: Repeated Measures ANOVA and LED Test showed that the mean value of hardness was significantly decreased after demineralization in all groups (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in mean hardness value in groups (GL, G3) after treatment (p=0.1, p=0.12) In groups (G2, G4) the mean hardness value were significantly increased (p<0.0001, p=0.1). It is noticeable that the CPP-ACP was significantly more efficient than the fluoride gel.Conclusion: CPP-APC paste and fluoride gel both increase the micro-hardness of enamel when administrated for long time and repeated application