Relativistic binary systems in scale-independent energy-momentum squared gravity

In this paper, we study the gravitational-wave (GW) radiation and radiative behavior of relativistic binary systems in the scale-independent energy-momentum squared gravity (EMSG). Using the post-Minkowskian gravity based on the Landau-Lifshitz formulation of the theory, the field equations of the scale-independent EMSG are solved approximately. The gravitational potential in the wave zone of a gravitational source is then obtained. Doing so, we derive the GW signals emitted from a binary system. The results are different from those obtained in general relativity (GR). It is shown that the relevant non-GR corrections modify the wave amplitude and leave the GW polarizations unchanged. In this case, the system loses energy to modified GWs. This leads to a change in the secular variation of the Keplerian parameters of the binary system. In this work, we investigate the non-GR effects on the radiative parameter, i.e., the first time derivative of the orbital period. Next, applying these results together with GW observations from the relativistic binary systems, we constrain/test the scale-independent EMSG theory in the strong-field regime. After assuming that GR is the valid gravity theory, as a priori expectation, we find that the free parameter of the theory is of the order $10^{-5}$ from the direct GW observation, the GW events GW190425 and GW170817, as well as the indirect GW observation, the double pulsar PSR J0737$-$3039A/B experiment.Comment: 20 pages. V2: changes and references have been added. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Studying the Geographical explorations of the Portuguese and the Spanish in the 15th century

This article explores the dynamics of domination and subordination during the mid-15th century, marked by the Arab and Ottoman Empire's dominance in the Middle East, posing obstacles to European relations with China and India. In response, Western European nations, particularly Portugal and Spain, emerged as leaders in exploration, seeking alternative routes to bypass the challenges of the Middle East. Liberated from Muslim influence, these nations focused their efforts on discovering new sea routes to India and beyond. The narrative centers on Portuguese sailor Henry's role in planning expeditions to the Canary Islands, aiming to identify novel commercial routes for Portugal's development in Africa. Subsequently, the Spanish, influenced by Portugal's efforts, discovered new lands by employing Christopher Columbus. Columbus initially proposed his plan, 'The Way to India,' to the King of Portugal, but it was rejected. Turning to Spain in 1484, he secured the Queen's consent with the help of his shipbuilder brother, ultimately discovering America. Employing a descriptive-analytical research method, this article utilizes library research to delve into the historical background and explore the intricacies of European exploration during this transformative period

The three big wars between Afghanistan and England

From the establishment of Ahmad Shah Durrani's government in Kandahar, Afghanistan had become a completely independent country in the region. For this reason, the first rulers of this country come to power and acted as king, which resulted in the domination of foreign countries, especially England, in Afghanistan some of the king or ruler, like Shah Zaman Durrani, was very interested in conquering the northern and northwestern regions of India. On this issue, in the early year of 1797, Shah Zaman sent a message to Marquis Wesley, the Governor General of the East India Company, informing him of his decision to conquer the northern parts of India and inviting him to help push the Maratha tribe back to the Deccan and cooperate with Afghan forces. Finally, these actions imposed a series of agreements on Afghanistan that are still in place today. During the first period of Shah Shuja's reign, 1804-1809, the first treaty that was imposed, called the Peshawar Treaty, was signed by the representatives of Afghanistan and England, Alfinstin from England, Muhammad Akram, Amin Mulk, and Abul Hasan, the treasurer of Shah Shuja, on June 17, 1809, in Peshawar. The British signed three treaties with Shah Shuja. The Treaty of Peshawar, Treaty of Lahore, and Treaty of Kandahar, in all three of these treaties Shah Shuja was in different conditions. The colonialist actions of the British caused a lot of opposition from the people and governments of Afghanistan, and among all the colonial powers of that time, the European country was the first country that paid special attention to Afghanistan and its foreign policy and was still earlier than others in its internal affairs. Interfered, Britain was controlled by the East India Company from India, the said company had been able to develop its political, military, and economic influence in the land of India until the end of the 18th century. One of the most important reasons for the three wars between the two countries was the policy of development and advancement of Britain and protecting India from powers like Russia and France, and also the competition between the two empires of Russia and England in Central Asia, which led to British aggression in the territory of Afghanistan and Taking many parts of these lands was imposed by signing treaties and contracts

Some Kinds of Homomorphisms on Hypervector Spaces

‎In this paper‎, ‎we introduce the concepts of homomorphism of type 1‎, ‎2 and 3 and good homomorphism‎. ‎Then we investigate some properties of them‎

Menorrhagia in Women After the Administration of Novel Oral Anticoagulants, Like Rivaroxaban: A Case Report

Background: The Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs), despite numerous benefits, such as the ease of use and less drug involvement, provide extensive adverse effects. One of the most significant, but rare side effects of them in women is severe and dangerous bleedingCase presentation: In this study, we reported a case of severe vaginal bleeding (manometric hemorrhage) in a woman receiving rivaroxaban to prevent pulmonary thrombosis.Conclusion: The oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban could present a rare adverse effect on women