Estimation of toxic elements in the samples of different cigarettes and their effect on the essential elemental status in the biological samples of Irish smoker rheumatoid arthritis consumers

Cigarette smoking interferes with the metal homeostasis of the human body, which plays a crucial role for maintaining the health. A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. In the present study, the relationship between toxic element (TE) exposure via cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis incidence in population living in Dublin, Ireland, is investigated. The trace {zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se)} and toxic elements arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were determined in biological (scalp hair and blood) samples of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, who are smokers living in Dublin, Ireland. These results were compared with age and sex-matched healthy, nonsmoker controls. The different brands of cigarette (filler tobacco, filter, and ash) consumed by the studied population were also analyzed for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb. The concentrations of trace and TEs in biological samples and different components of cigarette were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked using certified reference materials. The recovery of all the studied elements was found to be in the range of 96.4–99.8 % in certified reference materials. The filler tobacco of different branded cigarettes contains Hg, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the ranges of 9.55–12.4 ng, 0.432– 0.727 μg, 1.70–2.12 μg, and 0.378– 1.16 μg/cigarette, respectively. The results of this study showed that the mean values of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair and blood samples of rheumatoid arthritis patients as compare to healthy controls, while Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se concentrations were found to be lowerin rheumatoid arthritis patients, the difference was significant in the case of smoker patients (p<0.001). The levels of four toxic elements were 2–3-folds higher in scalp hair and blood samples of nonrheumatoid arthritis smoker subjects as compared to nonsmoker controls. The high exposure of toxic metals as a result of cigarette smoking may be synergistic with risk factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis

Effect of trace and toxic elements of different brands of cigarettes on the essential elemental status of Irish referent and diabetic mellitus consumers

Cigarette smoking interferes with the metal homeostasis of the human body, which plays a crucial role for maintaining the health. A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. In the present study, the relationship between toxic element (TE) exposure via cigarette smoking and diabetic mellitus incidence in population living in Dublin, Ireland is investigated. The trace [zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se)] and toxic elements arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were determined in biological (scalp hair and blood) samples of patients diagnosed with diabetic mellitus, who are smokers living in Dublin, Ireland. These results were compared with age and sex matched healthy, nonsmokers controls. The different brands of cigarette (filler tobacco, filter, and ash) consumed by the studied population were also analyzed for As, Al, Cd, Ni, Hg, and Pb. The concentrations of TEs in biological samples and different components of cigarette were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked using certified reference materials (CRM). The recovery of all the studied elements wasfound to be in the range of 96.4–99.7 % in certified reference materials. The filler tobacco of different branded cigarettes contains Hg, As, Al, Cd, Ni, and Pb concentrations in the ranges of 9.55–12.4 ng/cigarette, 0.432– 0.727 μg/cigarette, 360–496 μg/cigarette, 1.70–2.12 μg/cigarette, 0.715–1.52 μg/cigarette, and 0.378–1.16 μg/cigarette, respectively. The results of this study showed that the mean values of Al, As, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair and blood samples of diabetic mellitus patients in relation to healthy controls, while the difference was significant in the case of smoker patients (p<0.001). The levels of all six toxic elements were twofolds to threefolds higher in scalp hair and blood samples of nondiabetic mellitus smoker subjects as compared to nonsmoker controls. The high exposure of toxic metals as a result of cigarette smoking may be synergistic with risk factors associated with diabetic mellitu

Estimation of toxic elements in the samples of different cigarettes and their impact on human health of Irish hypertensive consumers

Background: Cigarette smoking interferes with the metal homeostasis of the human body, which plays a crucial role for maintaining the health. A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. In the present study, the relationship between toxic element (TE) exposure via cigarette smoking and hypertension incidence in population living in Dublin, Ireland is investigated. Methods: The different brands of cigarette (filler tobacco, filter and ash) consumed by the studied population were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). The concentrations of TEs in biological samples and different components of cigarette were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked using certified reference materials. Results: The filler tobacco of different branded cigarettes contains Cd, Ni and Pb concentrations in the ranges of 1.73-2.02, 0.715-1.52 and 0378-1.16 pg/cigarette, respectively. The results of this study showed that the mean values of Cd, Ni and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair and blood samples of hypertensive patients in relation to healthy controls, while the difference was significant in the case of smoker patients (p < 0.001). The levels of all the three TEs were 2-3 folds higher in scalp hair and blood samples of non-hypertensive smoker subjects as compared to nonsmoker controls. Conclusion: The high exposure of toxic metals as a result of cigarette smoking may be synergistic with risk factors associated with hypertension

Serum lipid profile as a marker of liver impairment in hepatitis B Cirrhosis patients

Representative GC chromatogram of serum total and free fatty acids of HBV patients and controls along with standards of fatty acid methyl esters.(DOCX 761 kb

Evaluación de semillas de canola procedentes de diferentes variedades con especial énfasis en la cuantificación de ácido erúcico y glucosinolatos

This study reports the characterization of the seeds and seed oils of five locally grown canola cultivars: Zafar-2002, Bulbul (Frontier), Dunkeld, Oscar and Con-11. The oil contents from canola seeds ranged from 34.3 to 39.3%. The levels of protein, fiber, ash and moisture were found to be 22.1-41.0, 12.0-14.0, 3.0-3.5 and 4.0-7.5%, respectively. The glucosinolate (GSL) contents in the canola seeds examined ranged from 49.7 to 78.1 mmol g-1. The extracted canola seed oils revealed an iodine value of 118.2-124.6 g of I/100g of oil; refractive index (40 °C), 1.460-1.464; density (24 °C), 0.914-0.919 mg mL–1; saponification value, 187-195; unsaponifiable matter, 0.51-1.10%; acidity (% as oleic acid), 0.40-1.40, and color (1-in. cell), 1.35-1.73 R + 21.0-38.0 Y. Peroxide value (meq/ kg of oil) and specific extinctions at 232 and 270 nm were determined to be 2.00-7.08, 2.17-3.16 and 0.44-0.91, respectively. The seed oils of the five canola cultivars mainly consisted of oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids at levels of 49.16-62.14, 14.61, 23.45 and 6.97-9.10%, respectively. The concentrations of palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), erucic (C22:1) and gadoleic (C20:1) acids ranged from 3.47 to 6.00, 1.51 to 2.10, traces to 13.03 and 1.30 to 10.63%, respectively. A small amount of arachidic acid (20:0) with a contribution below 1% was also detected. The contents of tocopherols (α, γ, and δ) in the canola oils accounted for 77.1-270.3, 191-500, 3.5-15.6 mg kg-1, respectively.The presence of rather high levels of erucic acid and GSL in the present analysis of canola emphasized the need to further reduce the contents of these two antinutritional constituents in the investigated cultivars.Este estudio describe de la caracterización de semillas y de sus aceites de cinco cultivos locales de canola: Zafar2002, Bulbul (Frontier), Dunkeld, Oscar y Con 11. El contenido de aceite de las semillas de canola varió entre un 34.3 y un 39.3%. Los niveles de proteína, fibra, ceniza y humedad fueron 22.1-41.0, 12.0-14.0, 3.0-3.5 and 4.0-7.5%, respectivamente. El contenido de glucosinolatos (GSL) en las semillas de canola examinadas varió entre un 49.7 y un 78.1 mmol g-1. El aceite de canola extraído tuvo un índice de yodo de 118.2-124.6 g de I/100g de aceite; índice de refracción (40°C), 1.460-1.464; densidad (24°C), 0.914-0.919 mg mL–1; índice de saponificación, 187-195; materia insaponifiable, 0.51-1.10%; acidez (% como ácido oleico), 0.40-1.40, y color (cubeta de 1 pulgada), 1.35-1.73 R + 21.0-38.0 Y. El índice de peróxido (meq/ kg de aceite) y la extinción específica a 232 and 270 nm fueron 2.00-7.08, 2.17-3.16 and 0.440.91, respectivamente. El aceite de las semillas de los cinco cultivos de canola contenían principalmente ácido oleico (C18:1), ácido linoleico (C18:2) and ácido linolenico (C18:3) a unos niveles de 49.16-62.14, 14.61-23.45 and 6.97-9.10%, respectivamente. Las concentraciones de ácido palmítico (C16:0), ácido esteárico (C18:0), ácido erúcico (C22:1) y ácido gadoleico (C20:1) variaron entre 3.47 y 6.00, 1.51 y 2.10, trazas y 13.03, y 1.30 y 10.63%, respectivamente. Una pequeña cantidad de ácido araquídico (20:0) con una contribución por debajo del 1% fue también detectada. El contenido de tocoferoles (α, γ, y δ) en los aceites de canola fue de 77.1-270.3, 191-500, 3.5-15.6 mg kg-1, respectivamente. La presencia de niveles relativamente altos de ácido erúcico y GSL en el presente análisis de la canola incide en la necesidad de reducir el contenido de estos dos constituyentes anti-nutricionales en los cultivares investigados

Comparative metal distribution in scalp hair of Pakistani and Irish referents and diabetes mellitus patients

ABSTRACT Background: The essential metals, chromium (Cr), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), are necessary for many metabolic processes and their homeostasis is crucial for life. The toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), have no beneficial role in human metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of Cd, Cr, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Zn in scalp hair samples of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of both genders, ages ranging from 30 to 50 y, and belong to urban areas of Ireland and Pakistan. For comparison purposes, age matched non-diabetic subjects of both countries were selected as referents. Methods: The concentrations of metals in scalp hair samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked by conventional wet-acid-digestion method and using certified reference materials. Results: The mean values of Cd and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair samples of both Pakistani and Irish diabetic patients as compared to referents of both countries (P&lt;0.001). In contrast, lower Cr, Mg, Mn, and Zn (P&lt;0.01) concentrations were detected in scalp hair derived from patients with type 2 diabetes versus healthy subjects of both countries. Conclusion: This study showed that, increased toxic elements and decreased essential elements are associated with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, these elements may play a role in the development and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

Efficient entrapping of toxic Pb(II) ions from aqueous system on a fixed-bed column of fungal biosorbent

The present research dealt with the successful viability and practicality of Pleurotus eryngii packed bed column for Pb(II) ions biosorption. To achieve the aim of the project, the impact of different parameters including flow rate, initial concentration of Pb(II) ions and bed height were optimized. The column models, i.e.,Thomas and Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) were investigated to assess the column efficiency towards entrapping targeted ion. The adsorption capacity, rate constant and correlation coefficient related to each model for column sorption were also calculated. The adsorption capacity enhanced by increasing the bed height and decreasing initial Pb(II) metal ion concentration along with the flow rate. The maximum Thomas model adsorption (entrapping) capacity was obtained 3.30 mg g−1 for initial concentration of 20 mg L−1 at a constant flow rate of 1 ml min−1, bed height of 3 cm and pH 7. The experimental results implied and affirmed the suitability of the P. eryngii fungal biosorbent for Pb(II) ion biosorption with its nature being favourable, efficient and environment friendly