Impact of Body Weight on Self-Esteem among Undergraduate Young Adult Students of Doctor of Physiotherapy, Karachi

Objectives: To determine the recurrence of body disappointment, loss of control and self- related wellbeing in interpose the relationship among body weight and impairments in self-esteem among students of Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) Material and Methods: The research was among youthful understudies of the two sexes (boys and girls) of Doctor of Physiotherapy in both campuses—removed for blind review---. Concluded an overview through the questionnaire (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale according to the sample size of 298 computed through online programming Open Epi. The survey was acknowledged globally and it was standardized questionnaire. The data was assembled by figuring the BMI among body weight understudies of (DPT) and to check the level of self-esteem by Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The survey conducted from January 2019 to February 2019. Results: Normal weight was adjusted to 18.50 till 24.90 – a total of 81 respondents, Overweight was adjusted to 25.00 till 29.90 of 35 respondents, obese category was adjusted to 30.00 or more a total of 17 respondents were adjudged to be in this category as per weigh ranges BMI. After analyzing the Chi-Square tabulation, it was found that the highest self-esteem was found in the normal weight BMI category respondents followed by the overweight category and the lowest self-esteem was found in obese category. As the table shows that girls have more self-esteem as compared to the boys, although the girl’s respondents are more so than boys are. Conclusion: It has been conclude that the proportion of the highest self-esteem were found in the normal weight BMI category respondents followed by the overweight category and the lowest self-esteem was found in obese category. Keywords: Body Mass Index, Stress, Obesity, Body image, Depression and Self-esteem

Impact of Body Weight on Self-Esteem among Undergraduate Young Adult Students of Doctor of Physiotherapy, Karachi

Objectives: To determine the recurrence of body disappointment, loss of control and self- related wellbeing in interpose the relationship among body weight and impairments in self-esteem among students of Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) Material and Methods: The research was among youthful understudies of the two sexes (boys and girls) of Doctor of Physiotherapy in both campuses—removed for blind review---. Concluded an overview through the questionnaire (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale according to the sample size of 298 computed through online programming Open Epi. The survey was acknowledged globally and it was standardized questionnaire. The data was assembled by figuring the BMI among body weight understudies of (DPT) and to check the level of self-esteem by Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The survey conducted from January 2019 to February 2019. Results: Normal weight was adjusted to 18.50 till 24.90 – a total of 81 respondents, Overweight was adjusted to 25.00 till 29.90 of 35 respondents, obese category was adjusted to 30.00 or more a total of 17 respondents were adjudged to be in this category as per weigh ranges BMI. After analyzing the Chi-Square tabulation, it was found that the highest self-esteem was found in the normal weight BMI category respondents followed by the overweight category and the lowest self-esteem was found in obese category. As the table shows that girls have more self-esteem as compared to the boys, although the girl’s respondents are more so than boys are. Conclusion: It has been conclude that the proportion of the highest self-esteem were found in the normal weight BMI category respondents followed by the overweight category and the lowest self-esteem was found in obese category. Keywords: Body Mass Index, Stress, Obesity, Body image, Depression and Self-esteem

Prevalence and Associated factors Of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction among Young Adults in Karachi

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors for temporomandibular joint dysfunction among young adult in Karachi. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in (n=383) subjects with (n=165) males and (n=218) females aged between 18–30 years. The subjects were requested to answer Fonseca’s questionnaires, consisted on ten questions. The collected data sets were analyzed statistically through using the SPSS version 22. Result: A total (n=383) participants, the prevalence of TMD is 66.6%. The participant with TMD (66.6%) show 54.0% mild TMD, 12.0% moderate and 0.5% severe. Women with 61% showing TMD, as compare to men 73.93%. When considering only severe TMD, only women are affected 0.5%. Participant with any level of TMD show marked characteristics: 12.53% considered themselves tense people; 17.5% reported to clench or grind their teeth; 8.88% reported clicking of the temporomandibular joint; 24.28% reported frequent headache. Conclusion: The result of the study concluded that the TMD a high prevalence among young adult in Karachi, among participant with TMD most of the participants had mild TMD which reveals that in young population about half of the participants presented with mild TMD. Key Points: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), Mastication, Helkimo's indexes, Fonseca anamnestic Index (FAI

Leadership Effectiveness, Turnover Intention and the Mediating Role of Employee Commitment: A Case of Academic Institutions of Pakistan

According to its scope of practice and research, Leadership is one of the most important areas these days. Many scholars have theorized different definitions and dimensions of this very construct leadership that gives a clear indication about its importance both in society and also in the context of people management in organizations in different countries. In today’s world where complexity driven by different factors has changed the face of organizations, different procedures have been devised to retain the employees in the organization. But apart from all the system level changes, there is one important factor that directly links with the employee turnover intention and that is leadership effectiveness. There has been much focus on leadership effectiveness and many researches have been done to study it. This study is trying to address the issue at hand that is about studying the effectiveness of leadership. For this purpose this study is investigating the relationship of leadership effectiveness and turnover intention along with a third variable participation that is employee commitment in the academic sector of Pakistan. This study is focusing on the relationship of leadership effectiveness and employee turnover intention specifically in the academic institutions and implying the facts that how these institutions are constructing this relationship according to the specific culture and norms posed by the Pakistani context. In this study the predictor is leadership effectiveness and outcome is turnover intention. Besides, this study is also focusing on the third variable involvement that is employee commitment. So this study is testing and reflecting upon whether such relationship exists in this context or not. This study uses the sample size of 345. The population is faculty members of different academic institutions. The software used is SPSS along with process plugin to run the regression (mediation) analysis. This study has presented some important findings related to the nature of the relationship of leadership effectiveness, employee commitment and turnover intention that will be an important knowledge addition in the literature and will be helpful for the management to make important decisions regarding the management and turnover of employees in the academic institutions of Pakistan

Leadership Effectiveness, Turnover Intention and the Mediating Role of Employee Commitment: A Case of Academic Institutions of Pakistan

According to its scope of practice and research, Leadership is one of the most important areas these days. Many scholars have theorized different definitions and dimensions of this very construct leadership that gives a clear indication about its importance both in society and also in the context of people management in organizations in different countries. In today’s world where complexity driven by different factors has changed the face of organizations, different procedures have been devised to retain the employees in the organization. But apart from all the system level changes, there is one important factor that directly links with the employee turnover intention and that is leadership effectiveness. There has been much focus on leadership effectiveness and many researches have been done to study it. This study is trying to address the issue at hand that is about studying the effectiveness of leadership. For this purpose this study is investigating the relationship of leadership effectiveness and turnover intention along with a third variable participation that is employee commitment in the academic sector of Pakistan. This study is focusing on the relationship of leadership effectiveness and employee turnover intention specifically in the academic institutions and implying the facts that how these institutions are constructing this relationship according to the specific culture and norms posed by the Pakistani context. In this study the predictor is leadership effectiveness and outcome is turnover intention. Besides, this study is also focusing on the third variable involvement that is employee commitment. So this study is testing and reflecting upon whether such relationship exists in this context or not. This study uses the sample size of 345. The population is faculty members of different academic institutions. The software used is SPSS along with process plugin to run the regression (mediation) analysis. This study has presented some important findings related to the nature of the relationship of leadership effectiveness, employee commitment and turnover intention that will be an important knowledge addition in the literature and will be helpful for the management to make important decisions regarding the management and turnover of employees in the academic institutions of Pakistan

ESBL determination and antibacterial drug resistance pattern of Klebsiella Pneumoniae amongst patients at PIMS Islamabad

Background: A number of life threatening infections due to various bacterial pathogens are major cause  of death in Pakistan. In a situation like the other developing countries, there is a general increase in the  drug resistance due to the irrational use of the antibiotics. The present study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence and development of resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae against commonly used antibiotics.Methods and Materials: A total of 200 samples from different wards of the hospitals were received by the pathology laboratory of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, which comprised of urine  65, blood 50 and other miscellaneous samples from various sources. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated and characterized using morphological, cultural, and biochemical methods and were further confirmed by using commercially available API 20E kit. The isolates were subjected to culture sensitivity test using  Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: The organism was found to be the most prevalent Gram-negative bacilli. K. pneumoniae showed  highest resistance against coamoxiclav and cephalosporins.Conclusion: The study revealed that ESBL producing strains were resistant to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics. This trend therefore has become a significant problem and can be controlled with continued surveillance or monitoring for rationally improved antibiotics usage, in order to prevent the drug resistance and re-emergence of infection.Key words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL (Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase), API (Analytical Profile Index

Novel Internet of Things based approach toward diabetes prediction using deep learning models

The integration of the Internet of Things with machine learning in different disciplines has benefited from recent technological advancements. In medical IoT, the fusion of these two disciplines can be extremely beneficial as it allows the creation of a receptive and interconnected environment and offers a variety of services to medical professionals and patients. Doctors can make early decisions to save a patient's life when disease forecasts are made early. IoT sensor captures the data from the patients, and machine learning techniques are used to analyze the data and predict the presence of the fatal disease i.e., diabetes. The goal of this research is to make a smart patient's health monitoring system based on machine learning that helps to detect the presence of a chronic disease in patient early and accurately. For the implementation, the diabetic dataset has been used. In order to detect the presence of the fatal disease, six different machine learning techniques are used i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The performance of the proposed model is evaluated by using four evaluation metrics i.e., accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score. The RNN outperformed remaining algorithms in terms of accuracy (81%), precision (75%), and F1-Score (65%). However, the recall (56%) for ANN was higher as compared to SVM and logistic regression, CNN, RNN, and LSTM. With the help of this proposed patient's health monitoring system, doctors will be able to diagnose the presence of the disease earlier

ESBL DETERMINATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE AMONGST PATIENTS AT PIMS ISLAMABAD

Background: A number of life threatening infections due to various bacterial pathogens are major cause of death in Pakistan. In a situation like the other developing countries, there is a general increase in the drug resistance due to the irrational use of the antibiotics. The present study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence and development of resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae against commonly used antibiotics. Methods and Materials: A total of 200 samples from different wards of the hospitals were received by the pathology laboratory of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, which comprised of urine 65, blood 50 and other miscellaneous samples from various sources. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated and characterized using morphological, cultural, and biochemical methods and were further confirmed by using commercially available API 20E kit. The isolates were subjected to culture sensitivity test using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The organism was found to be the most prevalent Gram-negative bacilli. K. pneumoniae showed highest resistance against coamoxiclav and cephalosporins. Conclusion: The study revealed that ESBL producing strains were resistant to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics. This trend therefore has become a significant problem and can be controlled with continued surveillance or monitoring for rationally improved antibiotics usage, in order to prevent the drug resistance and re-emergence of infection