PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC ANTIOXIDANTS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BACOPA MONNIERI AGAINST LEAD TOXICITY INDUCED METABOLIC DYSFUNCTIONS IN MICE BRAIN AND LIVER HOMOGENATES: AN IN VITRO APPROACH

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the ameliorative potential of synthetic antioxidants mixture comprising N-acetyl cysteine, ascorbic acid, tocopheryl acetate, and thiamine as micronutrient combinational therapy and ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri as herbal antioxidant therapy approach against lead toxicity-induced metabolic dysfunctions in vitro. Methods: Experimental study involved in vitro exposure of mice brain and liver homogenates to different doses (100 μM, 250 μM, and 500 μM) of lead acetate. The study also involved coadministration of high-dose lead acetate (500 μM) and specific dosage of synthetic antioxidants or ethanolic extract of B. monnieri separately to homogenate cultures. Alterations in metabolic parameters of protein levels and lipid peroxidation were analyzed for evaluating the protective effect of synthetic antioxidants and B. monnieri against lead intoxication. Results: Results revealed dose-dependent statistically significant (p<0.001) reduction in protein levels and elevation in lipid peroxidation in lead acetate exposed mice brain and liver homogenates as compared to their respective control groups. Coadministration of lead acetate and synthetic antioxidants mixture or B. monnieri in the brain and liver homogenates conferred protection and manifested maintenance of studied biochemical parameters nearest to control groups. Ameliorative efficacy of B. monnieri against lead-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity was found to be more pronounced than that of a mixture of synthetic antioxidants. Conclusion: Synthetic antioxidants mixture (N-acetyl cysteine, ascorbic acid, tocopheryl acetate, and thiamine) and B. monnieri exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficacy against lead toxicity-induced metabolic dysfunctions in mice brain and liver homogenates by virtue of their antioxidant, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective abilities

AMELIORATIVE ACTION OF SYNTHETIC AND HERBAL ANTIOXIDANTS ON LEAD INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY: AN IN VITRO STUDY

ABSTRACTObjective: A lead is one of the most hazardous and persistent environmental toxicants of global concern today. The lead has propensity to act as apotent mammalian systemic toxicant. Therefore, investigation of effective ameliorative techniques against lead toxicity through proper exploration ofmolecular mechanisms is the main objective of the current study.Methods: Present in vitro study deals with the investigation of ameliorative effect of specific synthetic antioxidants in a mixture especially,N-acetyl cysteine (5.5 mM/kg/day), ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg/day), tocopheryl acetate (160 mg/kg/day), and thiamine (30 mg/kg/day) as novelcombinational therapy approach as well as Bacopa monnieri (10 mg/kg/day) as herbal antioxidant therapy against lead induced hepatotoxicity.The current synergistic study involves culturing of goat liver in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium:F12 (1:1 mixture) culture media containing1 ppm lead acetate along with co-administration of selective antioxidants at prescribed dosage for 6 hrs. Selective biochemical parameters suchas lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein levels, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), acid phosphatase (ACPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were analyzed and observed for protection against lead intoxication.Results: Results indicate significant alterations in all biochemical parameters studied in lead exposed cultures as compared to control. Total andsoluble proteins, ALPase, SDH, and ATPase showed significant reduction while LPO, ACPase, and SOD activities increased significantly in lead exposedcultures as compared to control. The results also emphasized that simultaneous administration of prescribed antioxidants and lead in culturesmanifested maintenance of all biochemical parameters studied nearest to control group.Conclusion: Synthetic and herbal antioxidants therapy have protective role against lead induced hepatotoxicity.Keywords: Lead toxicity, Synthetic antioxidants, Herbal antioxidant, Bacopa monnieri extract, Hepatotoxicity, Oxidative stress, Plumbism,Hepatoprotective activity, Lipid peroxidation, Superoxide dismutase

Modified virtual semi-circle path planning

The challenging part of path planning for an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) is to conduct a reactive navigation. Reactive navigation is implemented to the sensor based UGV. The UGV defined the environment by collecting the information to construct it path planning. The UGV in this research is known as Mobile Guard UGV-Truck for Surveillance (MG-TruckS). Modified Virtual Semi Circle (MVSC) helps the MG-TruckS to reach it predetermined goal point successfully without any collision. MVSC is divided into two phases which are obstacles detection phase and obstacles avoidance phase to compute an optimal path planning. MVSC produces shorter path length, smoothness of velocity and reach it predetermined goal point successfully

Path planning for mobile robot based on reactive collision avoidance method

Background: The number of research regarding local path planning of the Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) is increasing widely. The Modified Virtual Semi Circle (MVSC) approach is proposed for real-time path planning. This research proposes the implementation of five ultrasonic range finder sensors with a very small blind zone existence in the sensor arrangement. The navigation of the mobile robot depends on the position of the mobile robot in the influence zone area. The formation of three layers of influence zone shows the optimized path planning without making any unnecessary obstacle avoidance presence. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to navigate a cost effective UGV known as MG-TruckS with optimal path planning. Results: The implementation of MVSC produced shortest path, smoothness of the velocity and successfully avoids collision with the obstacles to reach it predetermined target. Conclusion: MVSC propose a simple path planning that requires low computational cost and do not demand for a very large memory

Modified virtual semi-circle approach for a reactive collision avoidance of a mobile robot in an outdoor environment

There are numerous numbers of methods that have been introduced to the Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) to find its optimal path. The purpose of this paper is to navigate a cost effective UGV known as MG-TruckS with optimal path planning in an outdoor environment. A Modified Virtual Semi Circle approach is proposed based on situated-activity paradigm. This approach is divided into two phase to compute a free collision path planning; detection and avoidance phase. Implementation of five ultrasonic range finder sensors with a very small blind zone created on purpose and the formation of three layers of influence zone shows the optimized path planning without making any unnecessary obstacle avoidance being computed

Synthesis of Gold Nanorices on ITO Substrate Using Silver Seed-Mediated Growth Method

Herein, we propose a seed-mediated growth method for synthesis of gold nanorices directly grown on the substrate using silver seed. The as prepared sample was characterized using UV-Vis spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-Vis spectrum of the sample shows transversal surface plasmon resonance (t-SPR) peak at wavelength 541 nm and longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (l-SPR) peak at wavelength 730 nm. The FESEM image confirmed the morphology of gold nanostructures are rice-like shape. Typically, the nanorices have long axis (a) 55.54±3.30 nm, short axis (b) 28.71±2.30 nm, and aspect ratio (a/b) 1.98±0.09. The XRD pattern of the sample at diffraction angle (2θ) in the range of 10º-70º reveals three peaks at 38.18º, 44.48º, and 64.67º which corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) Bragg’s reflection of face centers cubic lattice Gold (ICSD file No. 98-005-3763). The strong peak intensity at 38.18º represents the nanorices growth in the (111) direction. The gold nanostructures with rice-like shape which exhibit two localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) thus it has very potential for application in plasmonic sensin

COVID-19 Prediction With Machine Learning Technique From Extracted Features of Photoplethysmogram Morphology

At present, COVID-19 is spreading widely around the world. It causes many health problems, namely, respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Wearable devices have gained popularity by allowing remote COVID-19 detection, contact tracing, and monitoring. In this study, the correlation of photoplethysmogram (PPG) morphology between patients with COVID-19 infection and healthy subjects was investigated. Then, machine learning was used to classify the extracted features between 43 cases and 43 control subjects. The PPG data were collected from 86 subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The systolic-onset amplitude was 3.72% higher for the case group. However, the time interval of systolic-systolic was 7.69% shorter in the case than in control subjects. In addition, 12 out of 20 features exhibited a significant difference. The top three features included dicrotic-systolic time interval, onset-dicrotic amplitude, and systolic-onset time interval. Nine features extracted by heatmap based on the correlation matrix were fed to discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, support vector machine, and artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN showed the best performance with 95.45% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 90.91% specificity by using six input features. In this study, a COVID-19 prediction model was developed using multiple PPG features extracted using a low-cost pulse oximeter

Novel dihydropyrimidinone derivatives as potential P-glycoprotein modulators

P-glycoprotein (Pgp), an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, is an ATP-dependent efflux pump responsible for cancer multidrug resistance. As part of efforts to identify human Pgp (hPgp) inhibitors, we prepared a series of novel triazole-conjugated dihydropyrimidinones using a synthetic approach that is well suited for obtaining compound libraries. Several of these dihydropyrimidinone derivatives modulate human P-glycoprotein (hPgp) activity with low micromolar EC50 values. Molecular docking studies suggest that these compounds bind to the M-site of the transporter

Bronchiectasis in India:results from the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) and Respiratory Research Network of India Registry

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is a common but neglected chronic lung disease. Most epidemiological data are limited to cohorts from Europe and the USA, with few data from low-income and middle-income countries. We therefore aimed to describe the characteristics, severity of disease, microbiology, and treatment of patients with bronchiectasis in India. METHODS: The Indian bronchiectasis registry is a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study. Adult patients ( 6518 years) with CT-confirmed bronchiectasis were enrolled from 31 centres across India. Patients with bronchiectasis due to cystic fibrosis or traction bronchiectasis associated with another respiratory disorder were excluded. Data were collected at baseline (recruitment) with follow-up visits taking place once per year. Comprehensive clinical data were collected through the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration registry platform. Underlying aetiology of bronchiectasis, as well as treatment and risk factors for bronchiectasis were analysed in the Indian bronchiectasis registry. Comparisons of demographics were made with published European and US registries, and quality of care was benchmarked against the 2017 European Respiratory Society guidelines. FINDINGS: From June 1, 2015, to Sept 1, 2017, 2195 patients were enrolled. Marked differences were observed between India, Europe, and the USA. Patients in India were younger (median age 56 years [IQR 41-66] vs the European and US registries; p<0\ub70001]) and more likely to be men (1249 [56\ub79%] of 2195). Previous tuberculosis (780 [35\ub75%] of 2195) was the most frequent underlying cause of bronchiectasis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism in sputum culture (301 [13\ub77%]) in India. Risk factors for exacerbations included being of the male sex (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1\ub717, 95% CI 1\ub703-1\ub732; p=0\ub7015), P aeruginosa infection (1\ub729, 1\ub710-1\ub750; p=0\ub7001), a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (1\ub720, 1\ub707-1\ub734; p=0\ub7002), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea score (1\ub732, 1\ub725-1\ub739; p<0\ub70001), daily sputum production (1\ub716, 1\ub703-1\ub730; p=0\ub7013), and radiological severity of disease (1\ub703, 1\ub701-1\ub704; p<0\ub70001). Low adherence to guideline-recommended care was observed; only 388 patients were tested for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and 82 patients had been tested for immunoglobulins. INTERPRETATION: Patients with bronchiectasis in India have more severe disease and have distinct characteristics from those reported in other countries. This study provides a benchmark to improve quality of care for patients with bronchiectasis in India. FUNDING: EU/European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations Innovative Medicines Initiative inhaled Antibiotics in Bronchiectasis and Cystic Fibrosis Consortium, European Respiratory Society, and the British Lung Foundation