Observations on the crab fishery of Mangalore coast

Considerable quantities of crabs are caught in the inshore waters of Mangalore coast and from the river mouths of this zone during DecemberJune period and these find a ready market in the towns. Crabs are brought to Mangalore town from the Ullal estuary and from Kasa,rgod, Kumbla, Bengre and Mulki centres. The fishery is more active during FebruaryApril when fishing for the shoaling fishes reaches the waning period. Unlike in other towns in .the south or in the north, crab meat is very much in demand in Mangalore

Ancient Leishmania coronin (CRN12) is involved in microtubule remodeling during cytokinesis

In general, coronins play an important role in actin-based processes, and are expressed in a variety of eukaryotic cells, including Leishmania. Here, we show that Leishmania coronin preferentially distributes to the distal tip during cytokinesis, and interacts with microtubules through a microtubule-based motor, kinesin K39. We further show that reduction in coronin levels by 40-50% in heterozygous coronin mutants results in generation of bipolar cells (25-30%), specifically in the log phase, owing to unregulated growth of the corset microtubules. Further analysis of bipolar cells revealed that the main cause of generation of bipolar cell morphology is the intrusion of the persistently growing corset microtubules into the other daughter cell corset from the opposite direction. This defect in cytokinesis, however, disappears upon episomal gene complementation. Additionally, our attempts to prepare homozygous mutants were unsuccessful, as only the aneuploid cells survive the selection process. These results indicate that coronin regulates microtubule remodeling during Leishmania cytokinesis and is essentially required for survival of these parasites in culture

The utility of a correct choice under conditions of verbal reinforcement

The purpose of this study was to test Siegel's utility model of choice behavior under conditions of verbal reinforcement, in a nursery school population of both sexes. Two major hypotheses were tested: The ordinal hypothesis stated that under conditions of increased value of the payoff subjects' stable-state strategies will occur in increasing order from matching to pure strategies. The quantitative hypothesis stated that there is no difference between the predicted and observed stable-state strategies. In order to test the above mentioned hypotheses, thirty subjects were randomly chosen from a preschool population. These in turn, were assigned to the three payoff conditions; no payoff, payoff, payoff-loss. Each subject was observed under two different experiments which were identical with respect to all utility relevant features, but were different with respect to the proportion of the occurrence of the two events, π[subscript i] values. In one experiment π₁ was set equal to .75 and in the other π₁ was set equal to .80. The apparatus used was Humphrey's (1939) modified, two-light situation. This apparatus had never been used before with a preschool population. The occurrence of the two lights was predetermined randomly and was held constant during the experiment. The order in which the two experiments were presented to each of the subjects was random so that not all subjects received the same π[subscript i]. Reinforcement was given by the same individual in both the experiments. The most frequently occurring event was reversed for each of the subjects from the first to the second testing situation. Under the no payoff condition the subjects did not receive any extrinsic reinforcement. Under the payoff condition the subjects received positive reinforcement only for the correct choice. Under the payoff-loss condition the subjects were reinforced positively for the correct choice and reinforced negatively for the incorrect choice. The positive verbal reinforcement used was, 'That's right, that's very good.' The negative verbal reinforcement used was, 'That's wrong, that's not very good.' The data under both the experiments were in the form of p[superscript -] values, the proportion in which the subject chose the most frequently occurring event. Before testing for the overall ordinal hypothesis the data were tested for sex differences. It was found that there was a significant difference between the stable-state strategies of boys and girls under the no payoff condition when π₁ = .80 and under the payoff condition when π₁ = .75. The ordinal hypothesis which predicted increase in stable-state strategy with increased payoff was considered untenable as a result of inspecting the data, the data were such as to suggest that the type of verbal reinforcement used, namely, a repetitive, simple, monotonous type, was an ineffective reinforcer. The data were further examined to see if these subjects had at least a rudimentary grasp of the concept of probability adequate to the task in the experiment. It was concluded that the sample of preschool children exhibited little, if any, understanding of the concept of probability. In testing the second hypothesis, the Siegel model was used to quantitatively predict the stable-state strategies of boys and girls from one experiment to the observed stable-state strategies in the other experiment. Similarly, the data from the second experiment was used to predict the stable-state strategies of boys and girls in the first experiment. It was concluded that the strategies predicted from the model for both boys or girls under the no payoff and payoff-loss condition did not differ significantly from their observed stable-state strategies. Under the payoff condition, the model predicted accurately for boys but not for girls. Heretofore, the Siegel model has been used to predict only with group data. But, since utility refers to subjective value, in this study the model was used to predict the stable-state strategies of individual boys and girls, from one condition to the other. It was concluded that in predicting the individual stable-state strategies the Siegel model does not predict for girls under conditions of the present study

Heat Transfer in Horizontal Copper Tube Heated by Electric Heating Process

Heat transfer from electrical and electronics component is essential for better performance of that electrical system, The maximum heat transfer from that system results long period durability. In most of the system base provided for equipments are very small and placed in a very complicated position. so heat transfer by forced convection is not easy for that purpose.The heat transfer by natural convection is the familiar technique used in electronics cooling; there is huge group of apparatus that lends itself to natural convection .This category consist of stand-alone correspondence such as modems and small computers having an array of printed circuit boards (PCB) accumulate within an area. Natural convection heat transfer in heated horizontal duct drive away heat from the interior surface is offered. The duct is open-ended and round in cross section. The test section is heated by provision of heating coils, where constant wall heat flux mentioned. Heat transfer experiment is carried out for channel of 50 mm. internal diameter and 4 mm thickness with length 600 mm. Ratios of length to diameter of the channel are taken as L/D = 12. Wall heat fluxes maintained at q// = 300 W/m2 to 3150 W/m2 . A methodical investigational record for the localsteady state natural convection heat transfer activities is obtained. The wall heating condition on local steady-state heat transfer phenomena are studied.The present experimental data is compared with the existing theoretical and experimental results for the cases of vertical smooth tubes.

McrD binds asymmetrically to methyl-coenzyme M reductase improving active-site accessibility during assembly

Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) catalyzes the formation of methane, and its activity accounts for nearly all biologically produced methane released into the atmosphere. The assembly of MCR is an intricate process involving the installation of a complex set of posttranslational modifications and the unique Ni-containing tetrapyrrole called coenzyme F430. Despite decades of research, details of MCR assembly remain largely unresolved. Here, we report the structural characterization of MCR in two intermediate states of assembly. These intermediate states lack one or both F430 cofactors and form complexes with the previously uncharacterized McrD protein. McrD is found to bind asymmetrically to MCR, displacing large regions of the alpha subunit and increasing active-site accessibility for the installation of F430-shedding light on the assembly of MCR and the role of McrD therein. This work offers crucial information for the expression of MCR in a heterologous host and provides targets for the design of MCR inhibitors

Ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care center: a retrospective study

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is an obstetric emergency which if not diagnosed in time can cost the life of the patient. This emphasizes the importance of diagnosing this perilous condition and hence this study was undertaken to study symptoms with which the patients with ectopic pregnancy present.Methods: Retrospective study of 5 years was done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, M. S. Ramaiah medical college and teaching hospital, Bangalore, India between January 2011 to January 2016. Detailed analysis of patients with ectopic pregnancy inclusive of the age and clinical features were studied.Results: A total of 90 patients with ectopic pregnancy were studied. 95.5% of the patients (n=86) presented with abdominal pain, 81.1% (n=73) of the patients presented with amenorrhea, 24.4% (n=22) patients presented with bleeding per vagina, 30% (n=27) patients with nausea, vomiting and 48.8% (n=44) presented with fainting and giddiness.Conclusions: It is very essential to study the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy as this may help in early detection of ectopic pregnancy and hence can reduce the mortality in this catastrophic condition

Preparation of Silver Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid for Effective Photocatalytic Degradation of Indigo Carmine Dye

Background: Even though silver decorated reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO) shows max- imum absorptivity in the UV region, most of the research on the degradation of dyes using Ag-rGO is in the visible region. Therefore the present work focused on the photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine (IC) dye in the presence of Ag-rGO as a catalyst by UV light irradiation. Methods: In this context, silver-decorated reduced graphene oxide hybrid material was fabricated and explored its potential for the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous IC solution in the UV region. The decoration of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of the rGO nanosheets is evidenced by TEM analysis. The extent of mineralization of the dye was measured by estimating chemical oxygen demand (COD) values before and after irradiation. Results: The synthesized Ag-rGO binary composites displayed excellent photocatalytic activity in 2 Χ 10-5 M IC concentration and 5mg catalyst loading. The optical absorption spectrum of Ag-rGO showed that the energy band-gap was found to be 2.27 eV, which is significantly smaller compared to the band-gap of GO. 5 mg of Ag-rGO was found to be an optimum quantity for the effective degrada- tion of IC dye. The degradation rate increases with the decrease in the concentration of the dye at al- kaline pH conditions. The photocatalytic efficiency was 92% for the second time. Conclusion: The impact of the enhanced reactive species generation was consistent with higher pho- tocatalytic dye degradation. The photocatalytic mechanism has been proposed and the hydroxyl radi- cal was found to be the reactive species responsible for the degradation of dye. The feasibility of reus- ing the photocatalyst showed that the photocatalytic efficiency was very effective for the second tim

Pressure controlled trimerization for switching of anomalous Hall effect in triangular antiferromagnet Mn3_3Sn

Here, we present a detailed theoretical and experimental study on the pressure induced switching of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in the triangular antiferromagnetic (AFM) compound Mn$_3$Sn. Our theoretical model suggests pressure driven significant splitting of the in-plane Mn bond lengths $i.e.$ an effective trimerization, which in turn stabilizes a helical AFM ground state by modifying the inter-plane exchange parameters in the system. We experimentally demonstrate that the AHE in Mn$_3$Sn reduces from 5$\mu\Omega$ cm at ambient pressure to zero at an applied pressure of about 1.5 GPa. Furthermore, our pressure dependent magnetization study reveals that the conventional triangular AFM ground state of Mn$_3$Sn systematically transforms into the helical AFM phase where the symmetry does not support a non-vanishing Berry curvature required for the realization of a finite AHE. The pressure dependent x-ray diffraction (XRD) study rules out any role of structural phase transition in the observed phenomenon. In addition, the temperature dependent in-plane lattice parameter at ambient pressure is found to deviate from the monotonic behavior when the system enters into the helical AFM phase, thereby, supporting the proposed impact of trimerization in controlling the AHE. We believe that the present study makes an important contribution towards understanding the stabilization mechanism of different magnetic ground states in Mn$_3$Sn and related materials for their potential applications pertaining to AHE switching