Design of an FPGA-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Charger System

Nowadays, the number of portable electronics products such as mobile telephones and laptop computers has grown explosively. These developments have resulted in massive demand for secondary batteries. The advantages of lithium-ion batteries include no memory effect, high operation voltage, and high energy density. Therefore, it is the most popular secondary battery for consumer electronics. In this paper, a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)-based lithium-ion battery charger system is developed. The concerned charger system consists of an FPGA-based controller, a data acquisition system and a programmable power source. The proposed system can achieve the goals such as digital programmability, userfriendly interface, data monitoring ability and stable voltage/current source. According to the experimental results, the proposed charger system is capable of charging the lithiumion batteries with less than 1.5 % current ripple

Prescribing pattern and pharmacoeconomic analysis of antidiabetic drugs

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a worldwide growing problem causing threat to patient's health because of its association with various complications and comorbidities. It is a chronic disease requiring lifelong medication which further adds to the economic burden. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescribing pattern and to do pharmacoeconomic analysis of prescribed antidiabetic drugs.Methods: This observational cross sectional study was conducted for 12 months duration in Outpatient Pharmacy of tertiary care hospital. Prescriptions with antidiabetic drugs were captured and evaluation of prescribing pattern along with pharmacoeconomic analysis of antidiabetic drugs was done.Results: A total of 611 prescriptions with antidiabetic drugs were analyzed. There were total 4034 drugs in all prescriptions with a mean of 6.6 drugs per prescription. 4.28% of drugs were prescribed by generic name and 58.9% of prescribed drugs were from essential drug list. Dual drug therapy was prescribed in maximum number of patients (42.2%) followed by monotherapy (28.8%). More commonly prescribed class of antidiabetic drugs was biguanides as monotherapy (n=119) and its combination with sulfonylureas was prescribed maximally among dual drug therapy (n=158). Cost of monthly therapy for antidiabetic drugs prescribed as monotherapy was least with Biguanides (₹ 98.89/ month) whereas combination of biguanides and thiazolidinediones was least expensive among dual drug therapy (₹ 216/ month).Conclusions: Biguanides was the most common prescribed class of antidiabetic drugs among monotherapy and its combination with sulfonylureas was most prescribed as dual drug therapy and both of these therapies were economical

Deep learning based automated epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase status prediction of brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of developing a deep learning (DL) algorithm for classifying brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) into epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement groups and to compare the accuracy with classification based on semantic features on imaging. Methods: Data set of 117 patients was analysed from 2014 to 2018 out of which 33 patients were EGFR positive, 43 patients were ALK positive and 41 patients were negative for either mutation. Convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture efficient net was used to study the accuracy of classification using T1 weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence, T2 weighted (T2W) MRI sequence, T1W post contrast (T1post) MRI sequence, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI sequences. The dataset was divided into 80% training and 20% testing. The associations between mutation status and semantic features, specifically sex, smoking history, EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement status, extracranial metastasis, performance status and imaging variables of brain metastasis were analysed using descriptive analysis [chi-square test (χ2)], univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis assuming 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: In this study of 117 patients, the analysis by semantic method showed 79.2% of the patients belonged to ALK positive were non-smokers as compared to double negative groups (P = 0.03). There was a 10-fold increase in ALK positivity as compared to EGFR positivity in ring enhancing lesions patients (P = 0.015) and there was also a 6.4-fold increase in ALK positivity as compared to double negative groups in meningeal involvement patients (P = 0.004). Using CNN Efficient Net DL model, the study achieved 76% accuracy in classifying ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutations without manual segmentation of metastatic lesions. Analysis of the manually segmented dataset resulted in improved accuracy of 89% through this model. Conclusions: Both semantic features and DL model showed comparable accuracy in classifying EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement. Both methods can be clinically used to predict mutation status while biopsy or genetic testing is undertaken

Oxidative Stress Mechanisms and their Modulation

XVIII, 167 p. 25 illus., 4 illus. in color.onlin

Meson spectrum of SU(2) QCD 1+1 with quarks in Large representations

Abstract We consider SU(2) quantum chromodynamics in 1 + 1 dimensions with a single quark in the spin J representation of the gauge group and study the theory in the large J limit where the gauge coupling g 2 → 0 and J → ∞ with λ = g 2 J 2 fixed. We work with a Dirac spinor field for arbitrary J, and with a Majorana spinor for integer J since the integer spin representations of SU(2) are real, and analyze the two cases separately. The theory is reformulated in terms of global colour non-singlet fermion bilocal operators which satisfy a W ∞ × U(2J + 1) algebra. In the large J limit, the dynamics of the bilocal fields is captured by fluctuations along a particular coadjoint orbit of the W ∞ algebra. We show that the global colour-singlet sector of the bilocal field fluctuations satisfy the same integral equation for meson wavefunctions that appears in the ’t Hooft model. For Majorana spinors in the integer spin J representation, the Majorana condition projects out half of the meson spectrum, as a result of which the linear spacing of the asymptotic meson spectrum for Majorana fermions is double that of Dirac fermions. The Majorana condition also projects out the zero mass bound state that is present for the Dirac quark at zero quark mass. We also consider the formulation of the model in terms of local charge densities and compute the quark spectral function in the large J limit: we see evidence for the absence of a pole in the quark propagator

Meson spectrum of SU(2)\text{SU}(2) QCD1+1_{1+1} with Quarks in Large Representations

We consider $\text{SU}(2)$ quantum chromodynamics in $1+1$ dimensions with a single quark in the spin $J$ representation of the gauge group and study the theory in the large $J$ limit where the gauge coupling $g^2 \to 0$ and $J \to \infty$ with $\lambda = g^2 J^2$ fixed. We work with a Dirac spinor field for arbitrary $J$, and with a Majorana spinor for integer $J$ since the integer spin representations of $\text{SU}(2)$ are real, and analyse the two cases separately. The theory is reformulated in terms of global color non-singlet fermion bilocal operators which satisfy a $W_\infty \times \text{U}(2J+1)$ algebra. In the large $J$ limit, the dynamics of the bilocal fields is captured by fluctuations along a particular coadjoint orbit of the $W_\infty$ algebra. We show that the global colour-singlet sector of the bilocal field fluctuations satisfy the same integral equation for meson wavefunctions that appears in the 't Hooft model. For Majorana spinors in the integer spin $J$ representation, the Majorana condition projects out half of the meson spectrum, as a result of which the linear spacing of the asymptotic meson spectrum for Majorana fermions is double that of Dirac fermions. The Majorana condition also projects out the zero mass bound state that is present for the Dirac quark at zero quark mass. We also consider the formulation of the model in terms of local charge densities and compute the quark spectral function in the large $J$ limit: we see evidence for the absence of a pole in the quark propagator.Comment: 40 pages; v2: modified the title and added some reference

Bibliometric analysis of Blockchain in the healthcare domain

As an innovation, Blockchain has transformed numerous industries and sparked the interest of the research community due to its abundance of benefits, opening up diverse research routes in the healthcare sector in the last decade. With Health 4.0 becoming ubiquitous in the healthcare industry, end-user transactions are being carried out on a decentralized network, making Blockchain profitable to meet the demands of the modern healthcare sector. Therefore, a detailed analysis of Blockchain is very crucial. This study emphasizes the evolution of science and the preliminary research of Blockchain in healthcare through bibliometric analysis. All the data are extracted from the Scopus database, and the VOSviewer tool is used for analysis. A total of 1152 Scopus articles published between 2018 and 2022 are examined. Results reveal that in 2022, the field of Blockchain experienced a notable increment in the number of publications and a significant growth rate. IEEE Access became well known in this field and had a large number of citations. It is observed that China and India are the leading countries in terms of publications on Blockchain. This study offers a number of recommendations that amateur and professional researchers can use as a benchmark before commencing a Blockchain investigation in the future